409 results about "Thermoelectric materials" patented technology

The invention provides a power management chip high-low side driving signal time sequence optimization method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring temperature data of a power management chip under a switch switching transient working condition through an infrared thermal imaging technology, and synchronously acquiring three-dimensional temperature field distribution of junction temperatures on the surface and inside a packaging layer; based on the space continuity of a temperature field, extracting the temperature change characteristics of a power device area, converting the temperature gradient into Seebeck voltage by using a thermoelectric material embedded in a hot spot area, and constructing a dynamic thermoelectric feedback network; according to Seebeck voltage data, a coupling relation between hot carrier concentration and driving signal phase deviation is established, and disturbance of hot carrier mobility change on MOSFET switching delay is quantified; the rising / falling edge slope of the grid voltage is adjusted based on the coupling relation, the phase deviation caused by the hot carrier effect is eliminated through dynamic compensation, and the switching performance is optimized. The dynamic response precision of the power management chip is improved.

The invention discloses a notebook computer waste heat recycling system and method based on a thermoelectric conversion effect, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric materials and devices, and the system comprises a distributed thermoelectric array module which is composed of a plurality of miniature TEG units, is distributed in a high heating area of a notebook computer, and directly generates power through temperature difference; the self-adaptive heat management module comprises a heat-conducting silica gel layer and micro heat dissipation fins and is used for optimizing the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end; the multi-stage electric energy management module comprises a rectifying circuit, a DC-DC boosting chip and a recycling energy storage battery device, converts the unstable low-voltage direct current output by the TEG into stable electric energy, stores the stable electric energy and supplies the stable electric energy to target equipment; and the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the working area of the micro thermoelectric power generation unit according to the data of the temperature sensor, preferentially selects the position with the maximum temperature difference to generate power, and matches the power supply demand through a PMIC chip. Efficient conversion and utilization of waste heat are realized through innovative design, the problem of low thermoelectric conversion efficiency in miniaturized equipment is solved, and energy conservation and environmental protection are realized.

The invention relates to an ionic redox couple thermoelectric cement-based composite material, the composite material comprises a cement matrix and redox couples, and the redox couples exist in pores of the cement matrix; wherein the redox pairs are K4 [Fe (CN) 6] and K3 [Fe (CN) 6], and the porosity of the cement matrix is 25%-50%. According to the invention, the migration of ions in a cement matrix is regulated and controlled by introducing the redox couple, so that a relatively high Seebeck coefficient, conductivity and power factor are achieved while good mechanical properties are maintained, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is remarkably improved. Besides, the composite material can drive electrode reaction through temperature difference to generate a closed current loop, stable current output is achieved, and the problem of current output of a traditional ionic thermoelectric material is solved.

A solid-state electronic miniature clock featuring a multi-layered silicon chip. A first circuit layer includes an electron paramagnetic resonance sensor, while the second layer comprises a silicon substrate with an etched trench housing single atom-doped fullerene molecules. Magnets are strategically placed on the silicon substrate and a third circuit layer to establish a baseline magnetic field. The chip incorporates through silicon vias (TSVs) filled with copper, forming a copper coil for enhanced antenna performance. Thermal management is achieved through vacuum cavities for isolation, strategically placed metals for heat generation, and thermo-electric materials, such as a bilayer of Bi$_2$Te$_3$ and Bi$_2$Se$_3$, for temperature regulation. A feedback loop monitors and adjusts the temperature, ensuring stability. Fabrication techniques include Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE), electrochemical deposition, and photolithographic patterning, providing precise control over the chip's structure and functionality.

The invention discloses an Ag2Se-based thermoelectric material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of thermoelectric materials. The preparation method comprises the steps that Ag powder and Se powder are mixed and ground according to the molar ratio of (1.9-2.1): 1, and mixed powder is obtained; the mixed powder is subjected to cold pressing to form blocks, and prefabricated blocks are obtained; the prefabricated block is subjected to heat preservation for 20-120 minutes under the conditions that the pressure is 1-5 GPa and the temperature is 400-1000 DEG C, and an Ag2Se initial product is generated through reaction; crushing the primary product, and grinding into fine powder; and sintering the fine powder for 5-30 minutes under the conditions that the pressure is 1-5 GPa and the temperature is 300-900 DEG C, so as to obtain the composite material. The sample is prepared through high temperature and high pressure for the first time, the method is simple, operation is easy to control, the preparation period can be greatly shortened, and the energy utilization rate is increased; the electroacoustic transport performance of Ag2Se is effectively regulated and controlled by changing the pressure and the temperature, and finally the thermoelectric performance is effectively improved.

The invention relates to a textured KCu7S4 thermoelectric material and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the steps: sequentially adding a prepared KOH aqueous solution, CuCl2. 2H2O and Na2S. 9H2O into a high-pressure kettle, and fully stirring for dissolving; dropwise adding an N2H4.H2O aqueous solution into the mixed solution, fully stirring, sealing, transferring to a microwave chemical synthesis instrument, heating, keeping stirring, and reacting at a target temperature and self-generated pressure to generate a KCu7S4 nanowire preferentially growing along a [001] crystal orientation; and after the reaction is finished and natural cooling is carried out, a product is collected through centrifugation, full cleaning and vacuum drying are carried out, and then the KCu7S4 thermoelectric material with [001] preferred orientation in the direction perpendicular to the pressure direction is obtained through spark plasma sintering. According to the method, a surfactant and an organic solvent are not used, and macro, rapid, efficient and controllable preparation of the KCu7S4 nanowire is realized through a low-temperature, low-cost and low-energy-consumption microwave-assisted hydrothermal process.

The invention relates to a self-powered energy-storage temperature-adjusting concrete wall and a management and control method and a manufacturing method thereof, and solves the problem that in the prior art, application of a phase-change material and a thermoelectric material is mostly independently designed, collaborative optimization of the phase-change material and the thermoelectric material cannot be achieved, and consequently the utilization efficiency of solar energy is low. A plurality of through pipelines are arranged inside; the thermoelectric phase change material is poured into the pipeline of the hollow frame, the thermoelectric phase change material is ionic thermoelectric phase change hydrogel, and the thermoelectric phase change material comprises at least two gel components with different phase change temperatures so as to form temperature gradient regulation and control; the thermoelectric function structure comprises N-type thermoelectric materials and P-type thermoelectric materials which are arranged on the outer surface of the hollow frame or form a hollow frame body, and the N-type thermoelectric materials and the P-type thermoelectric materials are alternately arranged and are connected in series through electrodes to form a closed thermoelectric loop. The system has the following effects that efficient utilization of solar energy is achieved, energy storage, temperature adjustment and self-power supply functions are integrated, and the energy-saving effect of a building is remarkably improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of thermoelectricity, and relates to a preparation method and application of a quasi-solid thermoelectric material capable of realizing humidity stability by means of phase separation regulation, the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a negatively charged hydrophilic monomer, an electrically neutral monomer, a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution, and carrying out an ultraviolet polymerization reaction to form polyelectrolyte gel; mixing the eutectic solvent with an electrolyte aqueous solution containing redox ion pairs and lithium chloride to obtain a quaternary electrolyte system; and immersing the gel into a quaternary electrolyte system, and fully replacing the internal solution through a diffusion effect to obtain the quasi-solid thermoelectric material with stable humidity. The thermoelectric material has the advantages of excellent Seebeck coefficient, good stability, high mechanical strength, large power density and the like, can supply power to wearable electronic products in an actual humidity fluctuation environment, breaks through the main bottleneck of actual application of quasi-solid ionic thermoelectric materials based on ionized water gel, and is wide in application prospect.

An electromagnetic wave detector includes a heat-absorbing layer, an insulating film, a two-dimensional material layer, and a first electrode portion. The heat-absorbing layer includes a thermoelectric material layer and a phase-transition material layer. The insulating film is disposed on part of the heat-absorbing layer. The two-dimensional material layer is disposed on the heat-absorbing layer and the insulating film and is electrically connected to the heat-absorbing layer. The first electrode portion is disposed on the insulating film and is electrically connected to the heat-absorbing layer with the two-dimensional material layer in between.

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, and discloses a sea layer gradient energy capturing raft which comprises a raft type wave energy conversion device, a photovoltaic module and a seawater temperature difference power generation module. The raft type wave energy conversion device comprises an anti-corrosion raft body, a hydraulic system and a generator, the raft body is a flat box type hollow floater, and the hydraulic system and the generator are installed at the position of a middle hinge shaft. According to the photovoltaic assembly, a flexible thin-film solar cell can be selected as a photovoltaic panel, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is covered with a salt-mist-resistant nano coating, and the photovoltaic panel is installed on the surface of the raft body in a curved surface attaching mode. The seawater thermoelectric power generation module comprises a heat exchanger, a condenser and a working medium circulating pipeline, and thermoelectric materials are driven to generate power through temperature difference. Through the vertically layered wave-photovoltaic-temperature difference three-state cooperative capture design, the intermittent limitation of a single energy source is broken through. The magnetic fluid direct power generation technology is adopted for the wave energy module, traditional hydraulic transmission is replaced, and the energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a Sb / Mn / Ge co-doped tin telluride-based thermoelectric material and a preparation method and application thereof, the molecular formula of the Sb / Mn / Ge co-doped tin telluride-based thermoelectric material is Sn < 1.01-x-y > Sb < 0.04 > MnxGeyTe, x is more than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.08, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.10. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials Sn, Te, Sb, Mn and Ge, grinding, mixing, transferring into a carbon-plated quartz tube, and performing vacuum sealing; carrying out a melting reaction on the carbon-plated quartz tube, and quenching after the reaction is finished to obtain a cast ingot; and grinding into powder, loading into a mold, sintering by discharge plasma, and relieving pressure and cooling. The invention discloses application of the thermoelectric material in a medium-high temperature thermoelectric power generation device for industrial waste heat recovery. The raw materials are non-toxic and environment-friendly, the carrier concentration is reduced through Sn compensation, meanwhile, the energy difference between light and heavy valence bands is reduced through Sb / Mn / Ge co-doping, and the energy band degeneracy and the state density effective quality are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent wearing, and particularly relates to a hollow-structure S-shaped electrode flexible wearable thermoelectric device and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention discloses a hollow-structure S-shaped electrode flexible wearable thermoelectric device array which can be self-powered, and belongs to the field of intelligent wearing. Comprising a miniature temperature monitoring array component and a local temperature adjusting array component. Each of the miniature temperature monitoring array component and the local temperature adjusting array component is composed of a self-designed block thermoelectric arm, a flexible insulation heat insulation substrate layer, a flexible insulation heat conduction covering layer, an elastic wire, a flexible electrode and the like. The thermoelectric arm is made of a block-shaped thermoelectric material pressed by a self-designed die. The array component has a hollow structure, so that the thermoelectric performance is improved. The elastic wire is an S-shaped elastic wire. According to the flexible wearable thermoelectric device array, a new method is provided for realizing synchronous temperature monitoring and regulation under the condition of self power supply and meeting the local thermal comfort requirement.

The invention discloses a cold and hot type portable glove with adjustable joint motion range, which belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and structurally comprises a glove body, a double-layer elastic body and a heat insulation coating layer are arranged on the surface of the hand back side of the glove body, and a thermoelectric material layer and a heat transfer coating layer are arranged on the surface of the palm side of the glove body; a temperature sensor which can be in direct contact with a hand is arranged in the glove body; the double-layer elastomers are arranged at finger joints and wrist joints and comprise a lower-layer non-phase-change elastomer and an upper-layer liquid-gas phase-change elastomer, a temperature-controllable resistance wire is embedded in the liquid-gas phase-change elastomer, the resistance wire is heated to enable the liquid-gas phase-change elastomer to generate shape change and the double-layer elastomers to generate bending deformation, and the motion range of the joints is adjusted; the thermoelectric material layers are arranged at non-finger joints and non-wrist joints, and the thermoelectric material layers achieve refrigeration or heating based on the Peltier effect. The cold and hot type portable glove is high in integration level, good in portability and wide in application prospect.

The copper-based composite phase change material photovoltaic energy storage and cooling coupled system and method covers power generation, cooling energy storage, energy conversion and other modules. During the day, the solar photovoltaic panel generates heat, the copper-based composite phase change material absorbs heat and stores energy and cools the photovoltaic panel; at night, the phase change material releases heat, and the thermoelectric material converts thermal energy into electrical energy. The system uses the DDPG algorithm of deep reinforcement learning to optimize operation. The state space includes solar photovoltaic panel temperature, phase change material temperature and other parameters, and the action space involves controlling cooling energy storage, energy conversion and other operations. The reward function is designed from multiple aspects such as efficiency, energy storage, power output and stability. By constructing a policy network and a value network, the system can make decisions according to environmental changes. Data is extracted from the experience replay buffer to update network parameters, allowing the system to adaptively adjust. The system not only solves the problem of high temperature of photovoltaic panels and night power generation, but also uses algorithms to improve energy utilization efficiency, which is far superior to traditional photovoltaic systems in performance.

The invention discloses an ultra-precision polishing method for a thermoelectric material. The ultra-precision polishing method comprises the steps that S1, mechanical grinding and rough polishing are conducted on a thermoelectric material block through abrasive paper; wherein the abrasive paper sequentially uses metallographic abrasive paper with the abrasive particle mesh number from small to large; s2, diamond polishing paste or polishing liquid, CeO2 polishing liquid and Al2O3 polishing paste or polishing liquid are used as grinding materials, and mechanical polishing and fine polishing are carried out on the thermoelectric material block after mechanical grinding and rough polishing on a polishing machine; and S3, an alkaline SiO2 polishing solution or a water-based diamond polishing solution is used as a polishing medium, the thermoelectric material block subjected to mechanical polishing is subjected to repeated fine polishing and mechanochemical polishing on a polishing machine, and the thermoelectric material subjected to ultra-precision polishing is obtained. The surface roughness of the thermoelectric material obtained by the method does not exceed 1nm.

The invention discloses a high-performance PbTe-PbS thermoelectric material and a charge balance doping preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric materials, Pb particles, Sb particles, Te blocks, S sheets and Ag strips are respectively weighed according to the molar ratio of 0.95: 0.033: 0.9: 0.1: 0.008 and then are loaded into a quartz tube for vacuum tube sealing, and the high-performance PbTe-PbS thermoelectric material is obtained through box-type furnace sintering, cold water quenching, box-type furnace annealing, cold water quenching and rapid hot pressing furnace sintering in sequence. The Sb, S and Ag co-doped PbTe thermoelectric material is obtained. According to the method, a Pb vacancy and an Ag gap are introduced through charge balance doping of Sb2Te3 to dynamically regulate and control chemical potential, the problems of PbS precipitation and carrier transport blocking of an n-type high-concentration doped PbTe-PbS material system are solved, the wide-temperature-range thermoelectric figure of merit of the small-bandwidth PbTe-PbS thermoelectric material is greatly improved, the process is stable and can be scaled, and technical support is provided for commercialization of PbTe-based thermoelectric devices.

The invention provides an ocean thermoelectric material testing method and an ocean thermoelectric material testing device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a t-th temperature parameter and a plurality of t-th gain adjustment parameters of a phase change material at a t-th moment; based on a predicted temperature change model, a (t + 1) th temperature parameter of the phase change material is calculated according to the t-th temperature parameter, and the predicted temperature change model is constructed according to a thermal hysteresis effect model, a nonlinear response model and a temperature sequential control model of the phase change material; for each gain adjustment parameter, calculating a (t + 1) th gain adjustment parameter according to the first temperature change parameter and the tth gain adjustment parameter; based on a temperature calibration model, according to the plurality of (t + 1) th gain adjustment parameters, the second temperature change parameter and the target power of the ocean thermoelectric material testing device, generating a (t + 1) th temperature control power instruction at the (t + 1) th moment; and in response to the (t + 1) th temperature control instruction, outputting (t + 1) th temperature control power to perform temperature adjustment on the phase change material.

The application belongs to the technical field of thermoelectric materials, and provides a preparation method of a beta-SrZrS3 thermoelectric conversion bulk material, which comprises the following steps: subjecting SrZrO3 powder to a sulfuration reaction to obtain beta-SrZrS3 powder; and subjecting the beta-SrZrS3 powder to rapid hot-press sintering to obtain the beta-SrZrS3 thermoelectric conversion bulk material. The preparation method has the advantages of low cost, simplicity and rapidness, can realize batch synthesis of SrZrS3 bulk materials, shorten the synthesis period, and obtain the beta-SrZrS3 thermoelectric conversion bulk material with pure phase, uniform composition distribution and high density. The raw material used is SrZrO3 powder which is inexpensive, non-toxic and does not require inert storage environment. The vacuum tube furnace and the rapid hot-press furnace are used, the sulfuration reaction and the hot-press sintering are used for preparation, and since the raw material, the preparation process and the target product meet the requirements of environmental friendliness, the preparation method can be directly extended to the development of the application of perovskite sulfide thermoelectric conversion, and provides a new way for the development of a new thermoelectric system.

The invention discloses a heat-insulation moisture-proof thermoelectric device and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric materials, the thermoelectric device comprises a p-type Bi2Te3 galvanic couple arm and an n-type Bi2Te3 galvanic couple arm which are provided with moisture-proof layers on the surfaces and are connected with electrodes; the cellulose-based aerogel layer is filled between the adjacent galvanic couple arms; the porosity of the cellulose-based aerogel layer is 96%-99.5%, and the surface contact angle is larger than or equal to 150 degrees; the heat reflecting film covers the non-heat-conduction surface of the galvanic couple arm, and the reflectivity of the heat reflecting film at the wave band of 400-3000 nm is greater than or equal to 92%; the moisture-proof layer is made of a zinc-based zeolite imidazate framework material, the thickness of the moisture-proof layer is 50-200 nm, the porosity of the moisture-proof layer is 5%-10%, and the pore diameter is smaller than or equal to 0.34 nm. The preparation method of the heat-insulating and moisture-proof thermoelectric device comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out moisture-proof treatment on the galvanic couple arms; s2, filling the cellulose aerogel; s3, packaging a heat reflecting film; and S4, coating the conductive bonding layer. According to the invention, low-resistance, high-strength and moisture-proof connection between the galvanic couple arms and the electrodes is realized.

The invention provides a method for connecting a SiGe high-temperature thermoelectric material and a metal electrode, and relates to the technical field of welding, and the method comprises the steps: preparing a carbon layer on the surface of SiGe, and obtaining carbon-coated SiGe; the carbon-coated SiGe, the multi-principal element alloy brazing filler metal and the metal electrode material are sequentially assembled from top to bottom, and an assembly part is obtained; and under the vacuum condition, the assembly part is heated to the preset temperature at the preset heating rate, heat preservation is conducted for preset time, cooling is conducted to the room temperature, and the connector is obtained. By adopting the method provided by the invention to connect the SiGe thermoelectric material and the metal electrode, not only can a joint be prevented from cracking, but also Si and Ge elements in the SiGe thermoelectric material can be prevented from remarkably diffusing into a welding seam, so that attenuation of the performance of the thermoelectric material and continuous degradation of the bonding performance of a heterogeneous interface are avoided.

The utility model relates to the technical field of material sorting, in particular to a semiconductor thermoelectric material sorting machine which comprises a machine frame, a control assembly is installed on the machine frame, a driving mechanism is installed on the machine frame, the driving mechanism comprises a deck plate, the deck plate is installed on the machine frame, an X-axis driving assembly is installed on the deck plate, and the X-axis driving assembly is installed on the X-axis driving assembly. The X-axis driving assembly comprises a table panel, symmetrical gratings are installed on the table panel, a plurality of feeding mechanisms are installed on the table panel, an adsorption mechanism and an upper CCD are installed at the two ends of the X-axis driving assembly respectively, a lower CCD and a material taking mechanism are installed on the table panel, the material taking mechanism comprises a material bin, and the material bin is installed on the table panel; through combination of multiple devices, products can be rapidly fed and conveyed, the products can be conveniently sorted, operation is convenient, and the efficiency is high.

The utility model discloses a large-volume concrete cooling device with additional thermoelectric materials. The large-volume concrete cooling device comprises a water pipe, a flexible joint, a thermoelectric assembly and a radiator, the multiple sections of water pipes are flexibly connected end to end through flexible joints, and water outlets and water inlets of the water pipes are communicated with an external water source to form a closed-loop water circulation path; a plurality of thermoelectric components are bonded on the outer surface of the water pipe at intervals and are connected with the radiator; the electric heating assembly is communicated with an external energy storage device. The cold end of the thermoelectric module is bonded with the aluminum pipe, and the hot end of the thermoelectric module is bonded with the copper radiator, so that real-time monitoring of the internal temperature of concrete and hydration heat power generation are synchronously realized; the thermoelectric module converts waste heat of a traditional water cooling system into electric energy through the thermoelectric power generation technology, and the problem of heat waste is solved. Meanwhile, a high-temperature area can be accurately positioned through electric signal feedback, and the crack risk is remarkably reduced.

Methods and apparatuses for manipulating the temperature of a surface are provided. Devices of the present disclosure may include a thermal adjustment apparatus, such as a controller in electrical communication with one or more thermoelectric materials, placed adjacent to the surface of skin. The device may generate a series of thermal pulses at the surface, for providing an enhanced thermal sensation for a user. The thermal pulses may be characterized by temperature reversibility, where each pulse includes an initial temperature adjustment, followed by a return temperature adjustment, over a short period of time (e.g., less than 120 seconds). The average rate of temperature change upon initiation and upon return may be between about 0.1° C. / sec and about 10.0° C. / sec. In some cases, the average rate of the initial temperature adjustment is greater in magnitude than the average rate of the return temperature adjustment.

The utility model discloses a kind of semiconductor thermoelectric material cutting device, including frame, the inside of the frame is provided with hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with bottom plate, the top of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with fixed column, the top of the fixed column is fixedly connected with clamping mechanism, the inside of the frame is provided with shell, the side of the frame is fixedly connected with scale plate. Through the above structure, some semiconductor thermoelectric materials can be solved when cutting, material loosening or offset may occur, avoid the problem that instability may occur when cutting, and avoid the problem that the quality of material cannot be guaranteed, can solve part of semiconductor thermoelectric materials when cutting, may appear the case that staff needs to measure material length by oneself, avoid the problem that semiconductor thermoelectric material after cutting may need secondary accurate cutting, and avoid the problem of cost increase that appears in secondary cutting.

The invention discloses a low-thermal-conductivity p-type liquid thermoelectric material and a preparation method thereof. The chemical formula of the low-thermal-conductivity p-type liquid thermoelectric material is Cu6GeTeS4, the low-thermal-conductivity p-type liquid thermoelectric material belongs to a cubic system and a space group, the low-thermal-conductivity p-type liquid thermoelectric material Cu6GeTeS4 forms an anion rigid framework by GeS4 tetrahedral elements isolated in unit cells and body-centered cubic Te, and Cu ions move in the framework. The p-type liquid thermoelectric material keeps a stable cubic phase at 300-873 K, and has low thermal conductivity and a high thermoelectric figure of merit; the ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.69 to 0.57 W m <-1 > K <-1 > is realized at 300 to 873 K.

This invention discloses a method for optimizing the geometric parameters of a thermoelectric arm in a thermoelectric power generation system, relating to the field of thermoelectric power generation. The method includes: constructing a three-dimensional steady-state multiphysics coupled model of the thermoelectric power generation system; incorporating the height and cross-sectional area of ​​the thermoelectric arm as core geometric parameters to be optimized; and configuring the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity parameters corresponding to the thermoelectric material; setting boundary conditions for the model, including the target temperature at the hot end of the thermoelectric arm, the fluid velocity boundary corresponding to the cold end heat dissipation, and the system load resistance boundary, to ensure the model remains consistent with the actual working scenario. This invention improves model adaptation accuracy by constructing a multiphysics coupled model that fits the actual working conditions and dynamically adjusting material-related parameters. Combined with a parameterized scanning strategy with dynamic step sizes, it improves scanning efficiency while ensuring optimization effectiveness. The dual-objective optimization based on dynamic weights can flexibly adapt to different power supply requirements.

Provided is a thermoelectric element which has high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, can obtain a high ZT value, and can be surface-mounted and reduced in size. A thermoelectric element according to the present invention is provided with: a first thermoelectric material part (1) having one end part (1a) and the other end part (1b); a second thermoelectric material part (2) that is directly bonded to the first thermoelectric material part or is bonded to the first thermoelectric material part via a conductor (2a); and a pair of electrodes (3) connected to the first thermoelectric material part, the first thermoelectric material part having an absolute value of a Seebeck coefficient higher than that of the second thermoelectric material part and a resistivity higher than that of the second thermoelectric material part, and an assembly (4) of the first thermoelectric material part and the second thermoelectric material part having end surfaces on one end side and the other end side. The pair of electrodes is in contact with the first thermoelectric material portion without being in contact with the second thermoelectric material portion, and is formed on an end surface on the one end portion side and an end surface on the other end portion side of the joined body.

The invention provides anisotropic thermoelectric hydrogel, which is characterized in that hydrogel is used as a matrix, and a thermoelectric material is dispersed and fixed in the hydrogel matrix; the hydrogel matrix is formed by biocompatible macromolecules through a directional freezing method or a mechanical stretching method, and has an anisotropic internal microstructure oriented in a single direction. Through a directional freezing or mechanical stretching process, a microstructure oriented in a single direction is constructed in the thermoelectric hydrogel, so that the hydrogel has anisotropy of shrinkage characteristics. The two preparation methods disclosed by the invention are both based on physical crosslinking and orientation technologies, complex chemical modification or expensive equipment is not needed, and effective design of the shrinkage anisotropy of the material is realized by controlling freezing conditions (such as liquid level height and cooling direction) or stretching parameters (such as stretching ratio and cycle index); and mutual conversion between heat energy and electric energy can be realized through a thermoelectric material in the hydrogel network.

To provide a thermoelectric device for easy positioning and bonding processes and a thermoelectric stack for such device. A representative embodiment of the present invention is a thermoelectric stack comprising a thermoelectric material layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite each other and an isolation layer stacked on the first surface of the thermoelectric material layer, wherein the thermoelectric material layer has a magnetization component perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface, and the isolation layer comprises, when a second thermoelectric stack is stacked on the surface opposite to the surface on which the thermoelectric material layer is to be stacked, an insulation region that electrically insulates the thermoelectric material layer and an electrode region that electrically conducts the thermoelectric material layer. Also, a representative embodiment of the present invention is a thermoelectric device in which such thermoelectric stacks are stacked, wherein a plurality of first thermoelectric stacks in which thermoelectric material layers have positive transverse thermoelectric power and a plurality of second thermoelectric stacks in which thermoelectric material layers have negative transverse thermoelectric power are alternately brought into close contact with each other due to the magnetic force of their magnetized components, interposing their respective isolation layers, and are electrically connected by electrode regions of the isolation layers.