670 results about "Active cooling" patented technology

The invention discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway control and safety response strategy system, which realizes the real-time monitoring and prediction of the internal temperature and voltage state of a battery through thermal-electric coupling modeling and multi-sensing data fusion, and realizes the real-time monitoring and prediction of the internal temperature and voltage state of the battery based on a model prediction control and threshold enhancement strategy. And triggering graded safety response in the early stage of thermal runaway. The system adopts a multi-stage response mechanism including measures of primary early warning, active cooling intervention, emergency power-off fire extinguishing and the like, a gas suppression path and cooling mode switching function is designed, and heat diffusion and spreading and toxic gas harm are effectively suppressed. Compared with a method depending on complex digital twinning or deep learning, the method is simple in structure, rapid in response and low in data dependence, has good system stability and engineering applicability, and can be widely applied to the field of lithium battery safety management of electric vehicle battery packs, energy storage power stations and the like.

A cooling system is described. The cooling system includes a cooling element and a support structure. The cooling element is configured to undergo vibrational motion when actuated to drive a fluid toward a heat-generating structure. The cooling element includes a piezoelectric structure including a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. A first piezoelectric layer is on the first side. A second piezoelectric layer is on the second side. The support structure is coupled to the cooling element and configured to support the cooling element.

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management optimization, and discloses an active cooling and power optimization system of a plateau turbine generator, which comprises a multi-physics field modeling module, a reinforcement learning decision module, a strategy optimization training module and an edge execution control module, and is used for resolving a temperature field / flow field / stress field coupling state in real time, providing environment dynamic characterization, and optimizing the power of the plateau turbine generator. According to the method, multi-source sensing data is processed, a cooling liquid flow rate and cooling fin angle control instruction is generated, strategy iteration optimization is carried out in a digital twin environment, the physical rationality and energy efficiency optimality of a control algorithm are ensured, a lightweight strategy network is deployed, and sub-second-level real-time response and fault safety protection are achieved. Through intelligent control and multi-physical field cooperation, the temperature adjusting precision and the system response speed are improved, efficient power output of the turbine is kept under different altitudes and climate conditions through a self-adaptive strategy, and a reliable clean energy solution is provided for high-altitude areas in combination with multiple safety protection mechanisms.

The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and provides a laser welding tool and method for a thin-wall titanium alloy runner plate. A small-diameter welding wire is adopted, the laser power is adjusted, protective gas purging is started, and laser welding is conducted in the anticlockwise direction from the left lower portion; in the welding process, active cooling is carried out at the same time until welding is completed; after welding is completed, the fixing module is detached; the active cooling specifically comprises the steps that absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed on the welded surface, after absolute ethyl alcohol on the surface of the cold plate (3) to be welded volatilizes completely and ventilation is kept for 2 min, protective gas is started again for purging for 10 s, and one-time active cooling is completed. The method is used for solving the problem that a laser welding method in the prior art easily causes heat accumulation deformation of the titanium alloy sheet, so that the welding precision of the sheet is ensured.

The invention discloses an efficient heat dissipation system of a new energy automobile circuit board, and the system comprises a composite heat dissipation substrate which is formed by compounding a ceramic substrate layer, a graphene heat conduction layer and a copper alloy supporting layer through vacuum hot pressing, and the surface of the graphene heat conduction layer is provided with a micron-sized groove array; the dynamic heat dissipation assembly comprises a thermoelectric refrigeration module and a temperature sensor which are embedded in the composite heat dissipation substrate, the thermoelectric refrigeration module is linked with the temperature sensor through a PID controller, and active refrigeration based on temperature rise of the circuit board is achieved; the multi-layer heat dissipation channel comprises a micro-channel and a bionic fin structure, the micro-channel vertically penetrates through the composite heat dissipation substrate, the bionic fin structure covers the surface of the substrate, and the micro-channel is filled with a phase change material and is communicated with an external liquid cooling circulation system; the airflow adjusting module comprises a rotatable flow guide plate and a piezoelectric fan array, the flow guide plate dynamically adjusts the heat dissipation airflow direction according to the vehicle speed, and the frequency response range of piezoelectric fans is larger than or equal to 100 Hz.

The application provides a new energy heavy truck battery pack, a thermal management unit and a method, belongs to the technical field of new energy batteries, and is used for solving the technical problem that the existing thermal management system can only perform thermal management on the whole battery and cannot perform balanced thermal management according to temperature differences of each module. Cooling outlet pipes of the module heat exchange plates are connected with battery cooling medium outlet pipes through active cooling medium distributors, the active cooling medium distributor comprises a shell, a communication mechanism and an active adjusting mechanism, each communication mechanism is arranged in parallel in the shell and communicates the battery cooling medium outlet pipe and the module cooling medium outlet pipes of each heat exchange plate; the active adjusting mechanism is movably arranged in the shell, the moving direction is consistent with the distribution direction of the communication mechanism, the active adjusting mechanism can be moved to the position of each communication mechanism and adjust the effective flow cross section of the corresponding communication mechanism. The technical effect of realizing temperature balanced regulation and control among modules, improving the charging and discharging performance of the battery pack and prolonging the overall service life is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of crucible dust collection, in particular to a dust collection structure for a neodymium iron boron sheet crucible slag removal procedure, which comprises a dust collection pipe, the upper part of the dust collection pipe is tubular, the lower part of the dust collection pipe is conical, and two spraying units which are symmetrically arranged left and right are arranged on the conical structure of the dust collection pipe; the rotatable water pipe is adopted to drive the spray pipes distributed in the circumferential direction to rotate synchronously, cooling water mist is continuously sprayed into the dust suction pipe through the two atomization nozzles on the spray pipes, active cooling is achieved, and the service life of equipment is prolonged; the rotating cylinder is adopted to drive the vortex-line-shaped pushing plate to rotate, raised dust is pushed outwards in the radial direction of the dust suction pipe through the outwards-protruding arc-shaped face of the pushing plate, dust is forced to be close to a spraying area quickly, the mixing efficiency of the raised dust and water mist is remarkably improved, the cooling effect is improved, and the dust removal efficiency is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hypersonic wind tunnel tests, and discloses a hypersonic wind tunnel test model support with an active cooling function and a test method thereof. A cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are formed in an inclined column of the bracket, so that the bracket has an active cooling function and can effectively support a test model to carry out a hypersonic wind tunnel test; the rear portion of the support is provided with a cavity defined by the cross beam, the skin and the like and a wire outlet hole of the tail cover, and the cavity and the wire outlet hole can be used for wiring of a test model measurement and control cable, the measurement and control cable is isolated from high-speed airflow, and thermal protection is achieved. The test method comprises the steps of mounting the batter post; installing a tail cover; the sealing plate is mounted on the inclined column; installing a left cross beam and a right cross beam; installing the skin; installing a test model; mounting a bracket; and performing a hypersonic wind tunnel test. The test method can meet the requirement of a hypersonic wind tunnel test, is compatible with an existing hypersonic wind tunnel test method, is stable and reliable, is high in efficiency, and has engineering practical value.

The invention relates to the technical field of lamp body cooling, in particular to a cooling structure for a lamp body, which comprises a front heat dissipation high light transmission assembly, a supply assembly and heat dissipation fins which are arranged on the lamp body in a covering manner, a containing cavity is formed in the front heat dissipation high-light-transmittance assembly and connected with the supply assembly through a pipeline, liquid or gas cooling media can flow through the containing cavity, and the front heat dissipation high-light-transmittance assembly is provided with a temperature sensor. And a cavity for mounting the lamp body is defined by the radiating fins and the side cover plates. The high-power portable lamp can effectively solve the problem of burn caused by skin contact or approaching due to too high temperature, can also avoid the problem that the service life of the lamp is shortened or damaged due to too high temperature rise, and realizes cooperative work of efficient active cooling and passive heat dissipation.

The invention relates to the technical field of boiler flue gas dust removal and denitration, in particular to a boiler flue gas dust removal and denitration system which comprises a vertical inertial dust removal mechanism for guiding discharged flue gas and intercepting dust. The high-temperature dust remover is used for carrying out fine dust removal on the flue gas discharged by the vertical inertial dust removal mechanism; and the denitration device is used for carrying out denitration treatment on the flue gas subjected to dust removal and purification. Through self-adaptive mechanical linkage of the spindle air plug and the shutter mechanism, synchronous optimization of smoke flow velocity compensation and collision angle under the full-load working condition is realized, and the low-load dust removal efficiency is ensured not to be reduced; and in cooperation with spiral self-rotating cleaning and active cooling protection, the operation stability and the service life of the device in a high-temperature and high-dust environment are improved.

The invention discloses a high-power and frequency-adjustable gyrotron loading test system for nuclear fusion, which relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion and comprises a 2-megawatt coaxial gyrotron with adjustable frequency of 170 / 240GHz and a loading test platform. The loading test platform comprises a gyrotron part loading system, a strong magnet system, a vacuumizing system, a power supply system, a load system, a cooling system, a monitoring and diagnosing system and a control system. The component loading system is used for precise assembly; the strong magnet system provides an adjustable strong magnetic field; the vacuumizing system maintains ultrahigh vacuum; the power supply system comprises a cathode power supply and a body power supply, and the body power supply is used as a high-voltage amplifier to realize 10kHz rapid power modulation; the cooling system provides independent active cooling; the load system simulates a real load; comprehensive detection of the monitoring and diagnosis system; and the control system realizes coordinated control and rapid protection. According to the invention, a complete solution is provided for development, test, operation and maintenance of the 2-megawatt-level and frequency-adjustable gyrotron.

The invention provides an active cooling control system and an active cooling method. The system comprises L front cabin temperature sensors, M middle cabin temperature sensors, N rear cabin temperature sensors, a front cabin valve switch, a middle cabin valve switch, a rear cabin valve switch, a controller, a power supply, a monitoring system, a cold air compressor, an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline. The risk possibly occurring in the cooling control system in the flight process is avoided, and when a temperature sensor works normally, a closed-loop cooling control method strategy based on temperature feedback is adopted to regulate and control the cold air flow in the cabin; when the temperature sensor in a certain area breaks down, the cooling control system is automatically switched to an open-loop mode based on flow prediction, cold air flow regulation and control are achieved by receiving flight parameters, and finally active cooling of the aviation aircraft is achieved.

The arrangement comprises a projection system (22) for microlithography and a wall element (28) for thermally shielding the projection system (22) from an illumination system (10). The projection system (22) has an object field that can be illuminated by the illumination system (10) and optical elements (M1-M6) for imaging the object field onto an image plane (21). The wall element (28) also includes a passive shielding surface element (30) arranged in a transition region between a last beam section (41) of the illumination system (10) and a first beam section (42) of the projection system (22). According to the invention, the arrangement further comprises an active cooling element (31) positioned in the transition region, with a cooling surface (32) that extends at least partially along a surface area of ​​the passive shielding surface element (30).The active cooling element positioned in the transition area can significantly reduce the rate of change of the heat flow from the lighting system to the projection system.

The invention discloses an active city cooling method based on a three-dimensional city form and a circuit theory, and belongs to the technical field of city environment regulation and heat island effect governance, and the method comprises the steps: S1, recognizing long-term stable cold and heat source patches through obtaining multi-temporal surface temperature (LST) data and combining mathematical form spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and a landscape connectivity index; s2, adopting a spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) method to construct a comprehensive resistance surface fused with the three-dimensional urban form factors; s3, connecting a cold and heat source to simulate an airflow conduction path based on a circuit theory, extracting a cooling gallery and identifying key nodes; and S4, finally, through a stable surface-connecting line-key point mode active cooling network, space optimization is carried out. According to the method, accurate identification and efficient communication of cold and heat sources can be realized, the heat island effect relieving efficiency is improved, the long-term adaptability of a cooling network is ensured, and a popularized urban thermal environment governance path is provided.

The invention provides a wind turbine generator cooling system based on a heat pipe and a phase change material. The wind turbine generator cooling system comprises a heat pipe-phase change material composite heat dissipation module, a dynamic air cooling cooperation module, a self-cleaning dustproof module, an optimization control module and an execution module. Through the cooperation of heat pipe-phase change material composite energy storage and negative pressure air cooling, the comprehensive heat dissipation efficiency is improved, the active cooling energy consumption is reduced, the traditional cooling technology is broken through the ceiling, the problem of performance degradation in a sand and dust / high humidity environment is thoroughly solved through the self-cleaning function, and the service life of the ceiling is prolonged. Thermal load prediction is combined with digital twinning to realize normal form transformation from passive response to active optimization, thermal runaway risks are reduced through prediction and dynamic regulation, and manufacturing and operation and maintenance costs are greatly reduced through lightweight and modular design.

The invention discloses a high-temperature stable gas heat conduction temperature control method and system, and relates to the technical field of temperature control. The system comprises a high-temperature inert gas loop, a gas circulation driving module, a gas heating module, a gas heat exchange module, a gas cooling module, a gas purification and supplement module and a precise temperature sensing and control module. The high-temperature inert gas loop is configured as a closed circulation path and is used for bearing high-purity inert gas as a heat carrier; and the gas circulation driving module is arranged in the high-temperature inert gas loop and is used for driving the high-purity inert gas to continuously and circularly flow in the closed circulation path. By adopting high-purity inert gas as a heat-conducting medium and combining precise circulation driving, multi-stage heating, efficient heat exchange, active cooling, online purification and intelligent control technologies, the problems that an existing liquid heat-conducting medium is unstable in phase change at a high temperature, a metal eutectic medium is poor in safety, and a composite system is high in complexity are solved.

Systems and methods are provided for managing temperature inside a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for an electric vehicle. A thermal management system of a WPT system uses one or more of a passive cooling method, a semi-active cooling method, and an active cooling method to manage an internal temperature of the WPT system during a charging session. Improvements in thermal management allow for longer duration of charging sessions and higher power charging sessions without the need to suspend charging for cooling. In addition, several different methods of camouflaging and implementing a thermal management system in a public space are also provided.

The invention discloses a supercritical CO2 phase change cooling heat prevention and control system and method for an energy storage and power battery. According to the invention, the thermophysical property change of supercritical CO2 near a critical point is utilized, so that the volume is greatly reduced, and extremely high heat dissipation efficiency is realized; a multi-stage energy recovery framework is adopted, and gradient utilization of energy is achieved through the synergistic effect of the heat exchanger and the heat regenerator; the phase change evaporation module effectively solves the problem of high-power-density heat dissipation; the modular design enables the thermal management system to occupy a very small area; the battery can stably operate in an environment temperature range of 0-100 DEG C, and is suitable for harsh working conditions such as variable-rate frequent charging and discharging; a thermal runaway emergency system is integrated, liquid direct injection can be completed within seconds, an inert gas barrier is formed, and a triple protection system of'active cooling-emergency inerting protection-environment moisture prevention 'is constructed in cooperation with a refrigeration main cycle and a condensation dehumidification module; the method is also applied to new energy electric vehicle power batteries, 5G base station standby power supplies, satellite and space station energy storage systems and other scenes.

The invention discloses a thermal environment and air quality self-adjusting intelligent emergency rescue cabin and method, and relates to the technical field of emergency rescue. The core of the method is that firstly, heat loss characteristics of the rescue cabin are learned through a simulated environment, and a standard loss rate is established; then, a target temperature interval is set, and based on comparison between the temperature loss rate monitored in real time and a standard value, hierarchical temperature control modes such as dormancy, low-power-consumption maintenance or dynamic balance are dynamically selected. Furthermore, by integrating vital sign monitoring, the target temperature can be dynamically adjusted according to parameters such as the core body temperature, blood oxygen and blood pressure of a patient, medical intervention modes such as active cooling and shock rewarming are started, and safe rewarming is achieved in the shock rewarming mode in the mode that a core area is heated through directional radiation. The system is also internally provided with a multi-rule priority arbitration mechanism. The cabin body comprises a sensor, an air conditioner, vital sign monitoring equipment and a directional heating plate. Unification of energy conservation, temperature stabilization and precise medical intervention is achieved, and the intelligent level and the safety guarantee capacity of emergency rescue are remarkably improved.

The utility model relates to a smooth copper shell cold roll, which comprises an inner core component and a copper shell component coaxially connected outside the inner core component, a liquid inlet channel and a liquid outlet channel are respectively arranged at two ends of the inner core component, and an annular cavity is arranged in the copper shell component. The liquid inlet channel, the annular cavity and the liquid outlet channel are sequentially communicated and form a one-way cooling flow channel; an impeller rotating along with the liquid inlet channel is installed in the liquid inlet channel and used for driving cooling liquid to flow in the one-way cooling flow channel. Through the design of linkage of the impeller and the roller body, the cooling liquid is driven to flow by using the rotation power of the roller, an external pumping device is not needed, active cooling with zero extra energy consumption is realized, and the energy-saving benefit is remarkable; a spiral flow guide path is matched, so that the heat conduction efficiency and the cooling liquid contact area are greatly improved, and thermal deformation is effectively prevented.

The invention provides a new energy heavy truck battery pack, a thermal management unit and a method, belongs to the technical field of new energy batteries, and aims to solve the technical problem that an existing thermal management system can only perform thermal management on the whole battery and cannot implement balanced thermal management according to the temperature difference of each module. Cooling outlet pipes of the module heat exchange plates are connected with a battery cooling medium outlet pipe through an active cooling medium distributor, the active cooling medium distributor comprises a shell, communicating mechanisms and an active adjusting mechanism, and the communicating mechanisms are arranged in the shell in parallel and communicate with the battery cooling medium outlet pipe and the module cooling medium outlet pipes of the heat exchange plates; the active adjusting mechanism is movably arranged in the shell, the moving direction is consistent with the distribution direction of the communication mechanisms, and the active adjusting mechanism can move to the positions of all the communication mechanisms and adjust the effective circulation sections of the corresponding communication mechanisms. The method has the technical effects of realizing temperature balance regulation and control among the modules, improving the charging and discharging performance of the battery pack and prolonging the overall service life.

A busbar for a computing rack is disclosed. The busbar comprises a pair of electrically conductive rails each having a first end and a second end. The pair of rails are configured to provide opposite voltage polarities to devices mounted in the computing rack. The open channels are enclosed within each of the rails and extend from the first end to the second end in each respective rail. An expansion valve is coupled to the open channels at the first end and is configured to expand air passed from a compressed-air source into the at least one open channel while the pair of rails are attached to an electrical power source. An input end cap is attached to the first end of at least one of the rails. The input end cap provides a manifold for routing air from the expansion value into the at least one open channel.

The invention relates to the technical field of fire-fighting unmanned aerial vehicles, and discloses a high-temperature-resistant closed space operation fire-fighting unmanned aerial vehicle with an active cooling system, the high-temperature-resistant closed space operation fire-fighting unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a shell, the interior of the shell is fixedly connected with an electronic element, the shell comprises an aluminum-plated film and porous vacuum silicon, the aluminum-plated film is located on the outer layer of the shell, and the porous vacuum silicon is located on the outer layer of the shell. The porous vacuum silicon is located on the inner layer of the shell, insulating heat-conducting glue is arranged between the porous vacuum silicon and the electronic element, the heat dissipation assembly dissipates heat of the electronic element in the shell through a coolant, a communication assembly is arranged in the shell, the communication assembly comprises an optical fiber, and the optical fiber is arranged in the shell. The outer wall of the optical fiber is fixedly connected to the interior of the shell, and the optical fiber is in communication connection with an electronic element in the shell. The aluminum-plated film and the porous vacuum silicon are matched with the insulating heat-conducting glue to achieve efficient heat insulation, the coolant is matched for heat dissipation, the service life of electronic elements is prolonged, data are transmitted through the optical fiber, and the communication stability is improved.

The invention provides a transformer dynamic thermal field prediction and active cooling control method based on digital twinning, and relates to the technical field of intelligent control of power equipment. Comprising the following steps: extracting key parameters of a to-be-tested transformer, and simplifying a three-dimensional coil structure into a two-dimensional axisymmetric rotation model according to the key parameters; setting calculated excitation, boundary conditions and calculation frequency for the two-dimensional axisymmetric rotation model so as to carry out magnetic field calculation to obtain a corresponding ohmic loss value; fitting the corresponding ohmic loss values into a temperature-related function to obtain a loss temperature function; determining a training set for constructing a digital twinborn model according to the loss temperature function and the input parameters; constructing a digital twinborn model according to the training set; and carrying out transformer temperature prediction and regulation and control by using the digital twin model. The problems that in the prior art, a traditional temperature measurement means has hysteresis in recognition of hidden hot spots, and advanced suppression of thermal risks cannot be achieved are solved.

The invention discloses a vehicle thermal management system and a vehicle. The vehicle thermal management system comprises a cooling liquid loop and a refrigerant loop. The cooling liquid loop covers the first water pump, the electric drive, the first radiator, the eight-way valve, the second water pump, the battery, the first proportional three-way valve, the second proportional three-way valve and the third water pump which are connected with one another; the refrigerant loop comprises a compressor, a water-cooling condenser, a dry liquid storage tank, a first plate type evaporator and a first electronic expansion valve which are connected with one another. When the temperature of the electric drive is high and heat dissipation is needed, passive cooling or passive cooling and active cooling or active cooling can be selected according to actual conditions through the first radiator and the first plate type evaporator of the refrigerant loop, so that the electric drive always works in a comfortable temperature interval, the power is not limited even if the electric drive runs at high power, and the service life of the electric drive is prolonged. And the electric driving performance can be fully exerted.

The invention provides a battery pack, a temperature control method of the battery pack and a battery management system. The battery pack comprises a control unit, at least two battery assemblies and a thermal management system, a power supply loop is arranged between the at least two battery assemblies and the thermal management system; and the control unit is connected with the power supply loop and is used for controlling at least one second battery assembly except the first battery module in the at least two battery assemblies to supply power to the thermal management system under the condition that the temperature of the first battery assembly in the at least two battery assemblies is abnormal. According to the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of no battery assembly is abnormal, the battery pack normally supplies power to the outside, and when the temperature of the battery assembly in the battery pack is abnormal, the thermal management system is started through the remaining battery assemblies which are not abnormal, and the thermal management system processes the temperature of the battery pack, so that active cooling can be realized when thermal runaway occurs, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged. Compared with the mode of waiting for natural cooling after thermal runaway occurs, the method has higher cooling efficiency and safety.

Systems and methods for a fully reusable upper stage for a multi-stage launch vehicle are provided. The reusable upper stage uses an aerospike engine for main propulsion and for vertical landing. A heat shield can include a plurality of scarfed nozzles embedded radially around a semi-spherical surface of the heat shield, wherein inboard surfaces of the plurality of scarfed nozzles collectively define an aerospike contour. The heat shield can be actively cooled to dissipate heat encountered during reentry of the upper stage.

The invention discloses a magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage and super capacitor hybrid efficient energy management system, and relates to the field of magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage, the system is composed of a magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage device, a super capacitor energy storage device and an energy management module, and efficient cooperative work is realized through a dynamic power distribution strategy. The energy management module comprises a load demand detection unit, an energy storage state monitoring unit and a dynamic distribution control unit, the dynamic distribution control unit adopts a fuzzy control algorithm, and the charge-discharge proportion is adjusted in real time based on flywheel rotating speed deviation, super capacitor voltage deviation and load power fluctuation frequency. When the load power exceeds a threshold value, the super capacitor is preferentially called to respond to the instantaneous high power requirement, and the flywheel is switched to improve the efficiency when the low power is continuous. The system is also configured with an LSTM adaptive algorithm to dynamically optimize a threshold value, and safety and stability are guaranteed in combination with mechanisms such as active cooling, over-temperature protection and redundant backup.

The active cooling building component based on the porous geopolymer comprises the following two aspects: 1, the active cooling building component based on the porous geopolymer comprises 0.5%-1.5% of aluminum powder; 50%-70% of metakaolin; 20%-40% of slag; 5%-20% of fly ash; 3%-10% of an alkali activator; 10%-30% of a phase change material; the preparation method of the active cooling building component based on the porous geopolymer comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a porous geopolymer matrix: taking slag, fly ash and metakaolin as main precursor materials, doping a certain amount of aluminum powder, then adding a certain amount of an alkali activator, and curing under the excitation condition of the alkali activator to form the porous geopolymer matrix; s2, phase change material filling, wherein the porous geopolymer matrix is put into a liquid phase change material to be soaked, and a pore structure is filled with the phase change material; s3, geopolymer slurry encapsulation: taking out the porous geopolymer matrix in the step S2, cooling and solidifying, coating the surface with the geopolymer slurry, and solidifying to form a compact geopolymer encapsulation layer; and S4, post-treatment and application. The cable is good in stability, good in leakage resistance, high in strength and good in temperature control function.

Method for determining a state of at least one mirror (17-19, M1-M6) of a projection exposure system. The mirror (17-19, M1-M6) has a mirror body (38) and an optical surface (32) formed thereon that reflects EUV radiation or DUV radiation. The projection exposure system comprises a temperature control device designed to actively cool the at least one mirror (17-19, M1-M6) using a temperature control medium. The method comprises the following steps: - Operating the projection exposure system; - Active cooling of the mirror (17-19, M1-M6) using the temperature control medium; - Determining a quantity of heat absorbed by the temperature control medium during active cooling of the mirror (17-19, M1-M6); - Deriving a state of the mirror (17-19, M1-M6) based on the determined amount of heat. Using this method, an individual and independent measurement value can be recorded for the mirror, which allows a reliable assessment of the condition of the mirror.