A high-temperature superconducting magnet online monitoring system comprises a high-temperature superconducting magnet system, a conduction cooling refrigeration system, a low-temperature Dewar system, a testing device, a digital voltage meter, a carburizing ceramic temperature sensor, a measuring manganin wire, a heat conduction insulating layer, a temperature transmitter, a fiber converter, a fiber, a compression joint copper sheet and low-temperature high vacuum grease, the cooling refrigeration system comprises a refrigerating machine cold head, a copper cold conduction connecting plate and a copper cold conduction framework, the heat conduction insulating layer coats the copper cold conduction framework, the testing device comprises a computer and a current sensor, the middle of the measuring manganin wire is wound on the heat conduction insulating layer, the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor is directly pressed on the surface of a high-temperature superconducting strip, two ends of the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor are directly fixed on the surface of the high-temperature superconducting strip, gaps among the compression joint copper sheet, the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor and the high-temperature superconducting strip are filled with the low-temperature high vacuum grease for assisting in fixing the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor and conducting heat.