161 results about "HOT Region" patented technology

The invention discloses an underground construction decision-making method based on three-dimensional geological modeling and risk hot area identification, and relates to the field of fusion of artificial intelligence and geological engineering. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring drilling data, geological radar images and seismic reflecting layer information, constructing a three-dimensional geological voxel model with spatial topology constraints, and accurately describing a geological unit structure by adopting an irregular grid mode; and then, extracting a time sequence characteristic index under construction disturbance, forming a continuous time sequence characteristic vector, inputting the continuous time sequence characteristic vector into a convolutional recurrent neural network model with a space attention aggregation mechanism and a deep memory unit, and predicting a risk heat value of each space position. And on the basis, through heat gradient clustering and neighborhood consistency analysis, a dynamic high-risk hot area is identified, and a risk hot area map is constructed. And finally, in combination with the construction stage, the equipment plan and the sensor feedback information, constructing a multi-target auxiliary decision function, and generating a construction decision result including operation path reconstruction, rhythm adjustment and power limit and control suggestions.

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power operation and maintenance technologies, and discloses a combined heat dissipation system of a fan, the system comprises a multi-source sensing module, a decision control module, a heat dissipation execution module and a safety early warning module, and by setting multi-mode cooperative control, when fan heat dissipation regulation and control are carried out, the heat dissipation of the fan can be controlled in a multi-mode cooperative mode; a dynamic matching mechanism of temperature field characteristics and heat dissipation modes is established, and air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change strengthening modes are automatically switched in real time according to the temperature rise rate and the heat distribution gradient, so that the system can accurately adapt to heat dissipation requirements under different working conditions, timely heat dissipation of a high-temperature core area is guaranteed, the heat dissipation response accuracy is improved, and the service life of the system is prolonged. By arranging the three-dimensional thermal field balancing system, the hot area distribution difference of the bearing, the winding and the power module is recognized in real time, the cooling liquid flow and the airflow guide angle are dynamically adjusted, the three-dimensional thermal unbalance phenomenon in a traditional heat dissipation mode is eliminated, and it is guaranteed that the temperature gradient of all areas in the motor is always kept within a safety threshold value.

The invention discloses an energy consumption control method and system applied to an annealing furnace, and relates to the technical field of annealing furnace control, and the method comprises the steps: building a hot area state matrix through determining the position information of a plurality of hot areas; constructing a coupling strength model of the adjacent hot areas, calculating the coupling strength between the adjacent hot areas, and constructing a coupling strength standard matrix; constructing a training sample and fitting a first compensation factor formula based on a least square method; counting an adjacent hot area set of each target hot area, calculating a thermal disturbance influence weight according to the coupling strength, collecting temperature change values of the adjacent hot areas, and constructing a second compensation factor; and real-time operation parameters of the annealing furnace are obtained and input into the temperature prediction model, a first compensation factor and a second compensation factor are calculated, a temperature control set value executed by the central control system is calculated, and the energy-saving level, the temperature control stability and the process adaptation capacity of the annealing furnace system are improved.

The invention discloses a power transformation equipment infrared image analysis and diagnosis method and related equipment, and the method achieves the precise analysis and intelligent diagnosis of the operation state of power transformation equipment through the steps of multi-modal data collection, data preprocessing, equipment target recognition, temperature anomaly detection, intelligent fault diagnosis and equipment health trend prediction. And by adopting the improved target detection network, the identification precision of the equipment target is improved, the segmentation effect of key parts of the equipment is optimized in combination with multi-modal data, and the false detection rate in a complex environment is reduced. Based on a dynamic hot area enhancement algorithm and a temperature gradient field analysis method, an abnormal temperature area is effectively extracted, and the accuracy of abnormal temperature detection is improved in combination with an environment compensation mechanism. The equipment state is intelligently analyzed through a deep learning model, fault types such as poor contact, insulation aging, overload heating and cooling abnormity are accurately classified, dependence on a fixed temperature threshold value is reduced, and diagnosis adaptability is enhanced.

The invention relates to the field of computer heat dissipation control, and discloses a high-performance computer system temperature regulation and control method which comprises the following steps: dividing a computer system into a plurality of hot areas and initializing thermodynamic parameters; collecting temperature, power consumption and process data in real time, identifying a burst process and constructing a dynamic heat capacity model; the heat capacity parameter and the heat dissipation coefficient are updated online through a recursive least square method; the multi-target weight is dynamically adjusted based on the temperature deviation degree and the heat capacity change rate, a distributed optimization model containing heat diffusion coupling constraints is established, and an optimal heat dissipation strategy is solved by adopting an improved ADMM algorithm; model prediction deviation is corrected through a double-loop control mechanism, and data updating circulation is triggered in combination with burst process marks and temperature out-of-limit events. According to the method, through a dynamic modeling, weight self-adaption and closed-loop control fusion mechanism, the temperature control precision and the system safety in a complex thermal coupling scene are remarkably improved, and meanwhile heat dissipation efficiency, noise suppression and energy efficiency balance optimization are achieved.

Various implementations disclosed herein include devices, systems, and methods that initiate an action based on a detected gaze direction oriented towards a target area (e.g., a hot corner / zone). For example, an example process may include producing a reflection by directing light towards an eye using an illuminator, receiving sensor data from a sensor, wherein a direction of sensing by the sensor (e.g., the optical axis of the camera) and a direction from the eye to a target area are approximately aligned, determining a reflective property (e.g., a spectral property) of the reflection based on the sensor data, detecting that a gaze direction of the eye is approximately oriented towards the target area (e.g., a hot zone / spot) based on the reflective property, and initiating an action based on detecting that the gaze direction is approximately oriented towards the target area.

The invention relates to the technical field of chip processing, and discloses an intelligent temperature control heating platform based on a SiC substrate and a chip processing method. The method comprises the following steps: modeling SiC substrate temperature distribution characteristics to obtain a three-dimensional temperature field distribution model; performing temperature parameter analysis to obtain a SiC substrate surface temperature distribution parameter set; performing hot area analysis to obtain a heating unit contribution degree coefficient matrix and a target hot area distribution map; calculating a power distribution value to obtain a heating power setting matrix; performing four-stage hierarchical control on the heating power setting matrix to obtain a stable transition control curve; according to the method, stable transition from the room temperature to the process temperature is achieved, extra preheating equipment is not needed, a stable processing temperature environment is provided for the SiC substrate, energy consumption is reduced, and efficient utilization of energy in the processing process of the SiC substrate chip is achieved.

A method for simulating cross-seasonal heat storage of a buried pipe well group in a geothermal reservoir is characterized in that hot water and cold water are respectively injected in different seasons by arranging different injection ports in a countercurrent cross injection mode, so that a relatively balanced temperature distribution pattern of a'hot area 'and a'cold area' is formed in a stratum, and the volume structure of a buried pipe is simplified into a line unit model; discretizing the pipeline area by adopting a finite element method; on the basis, initial temperature field distribution of soil and initial parameters of fluid in a buried pipeline unit are set, a proper numerical solution method is selected to solve the pipeline unit model, and the stability of the calculation process and the accuracy of the result are ensured through real-time monitoring; in order to further analyze the influence of underground water seepage on the system performance, an underground water seepage module is introduced, and the difference between summer refrigeration and winter heat supply effects under the seepage condition or not is compared and researched; the invention further comprises a system, equipment and a storage medium for implementing the method.

The invention provides a UWB anchor point deployment method and system based on multi-objective optimization and dynamic hotspot prediction. The method comprises the following steps: initially installing a UWB positioning system; constructing a dynamic hot area prediction model; predicting a candidate area of the dynamic hot area; constructing a multi-target performance function, and evaluating the candidate region of the dynamic hot region; performing anchor point position search by adopting a hybrid optimization algorithm; performing feedback adjustment based on a state monitoring result; outputting a result; according to the system, a multi-source data acquisition module is used for acquiring multi-source target data; the dynamic hot area prediction module is used for predicting a dynamic hot area candidate area; the multi-target performance evaluation module is used for screening high-value candidate regions; the optimal deployment module is used for searching an optimal UWB anchor point deployment position; the state feedback module is used for feedback adjustment; and the result output module is used for outputting the optimal UWB anchor point deployment scheme. According to the method and the system, the optimal UWB anchor point deployment scheme can be efficiently and accurately obtained, and the positioning accuracy under the underground complex working condition can be ensured.

The invention relates to a distributed storage cache hotspot prediction method and system based on an access mode. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an access log to obtain original data; the gradient change of the access frequency between the adjacent data blocks is analyzed in real time to divide the hot spot range and identify continuous hot spot data blocks; constructing a time sequence based on the historical access record, and pre-judging an access hotspot in a future time period by applying a time sequence trend prediction algorithm; constructing a multi-dimensional feature vector and inputting the multi-dimensional feature vector into a machine learning prediction model to output a hotspot probability of the corresponding data object in a future time period; according to the hotspot probability and a popularity threshold value, scheduling the data predicted as the hotspot into a cache, and allocating corresponding cache levels or storage paths for the data objects with different popularity at the same time; and periodically updating the prediction model and the popularity statistics to obtain dynamic prediction and cache optimization of the hotspot data. According to the invention, the prediction of the hotspot data is realized, and the hit rate and the system performance of the distributed cache are improved.

The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling thermal conductivity of a nanometer semiconductor interface in contact and non-contact states. The method comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a molecular dynamics thermal transport model consisting of a hot area A and a cold area B; (2) executing molecular dynamics simulation and data processing: comparing interface thermal conductance at different torsion angles in a contact state and a non-contact state so as to determine a dependency relationship of the interface thermal conductance on the torsion angles; in the contact state, comparing the overlapping areas of the phonon state densities at the contact interface under different torsion angles, and determining the influence of the overlapping areas of the phonon state densities on heat transport of different interface torsion angles; and in a non-contact state, comparing the force constants of the interface interaction potential and the LJ potential at different torsion angles, and determining the influence of the force constants on heat transport in different interface torsion angle states. By regulating and controlling the torsion angle, the normal load and the potential well depth, effective regulation and control of the ITC are realized, and an important basis is provided for thermal management of a nano device.

The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method for a gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear, and particularly relates to the technical field of fault diagnosis. Abnormal hot area distribution and structural deformation characteristics of equipment are analyzed through infrared thermal imaging data and visible light image data, an image analysis result is generated, whether gas leakage exists in the equipment or not is judged based on sulfur hexafluoride gas density data, and a gas analysis result is output; judging whether the equipment has abnormal vibration based on the vibration signal data, and outputting a vibration analysis result; based on an image analysis result and a gas and vibration analysis result, establishing a fault association relationship, generating a comprehensive diagnosis result, and determining a fault type and a risk level; in combination with a control rule base, a control signal or an operation and maintenance execution instruction is generated, and cross-modal synchronous diagnosis and accuracy and response real-time performance of fault diagnosis of the gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear are realized.

According to the ship waste heat multi-source coordinated recovery method and system, ship multi-source temperature signals and heat exchange pipeline layout are collected, and heat value rating is carried out on the temperature signals to form heat grade distribution; high-quality hot spots are positioned to establish heat exchange contact, and a dense heating area is formed through cascade strengthening; constructing a thermal load fluctuation curve to identify an intermittent heat supply source, and establishing a thermal circuit intersection to form a flexible heat supply field; dividing effective temperature levels, configuring hierarchical heat exchange to generate a stepped utilization chain, and forming a heat storage and release network output coordination control table; exporting a flow direction guide field, identifying a heat loss node, setting a compensation channel, remodeling a network thermal state through gradient utilization network mapping to obtain a whole network thermal spectrum, and identifying heat flow convergence characteristics to determine a convergence center; and carrying out supply-demand coordination analysis to identify a supply-demand difference value and a reserve capacity, carrying out fluctuation evaluation to generate a coordination margin configuration regulation and control response strategy, completing waste heat multi-source coordination recovery, and improving the ship energy utilization efficiency and the system operation stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of database optimization, in particular to a database preloading method and device based on a hybrid architecture and hotspot prediction.The method comprises the steps that on the basis of a preset sliding window mechanism, time sequence characteristics of historical access logs are extracted to recognize high-frequency hotspot data; based on a preset cache preheating mechanism, dynamically generating a loading priority queue according to the data access frequency of the high-frequency hotspot data so as to preferentially load the key data to a memory hotspot; and based on the monitoring data of the LRU list, the flush list and the check point state, a preset self-adaptive mechanism is linked to dynamically adjust a preloading strategy, and the preloading strategy is deeply integrated with a database check point mechanism to form closed-loop control, so that the preloading of the database is realized. Therefore, the problems that frequent changes of an access mode are difficult to cope with due to the fact that a database preloading method mostly depends on a static strategy or simple statistics, and particularly when the concurrency is high and the load fluctuation is large, hot area identification lagging, resource waste, cache hit rate reduction, response delay increase and the like are easily caused are solved.

Various illustrative systems, devices, and methods for face masks are provided. In general, a face mask is configured to provide cooling therapy to a user wearing the face mask. In an exemplary implementation, the face mask includes a thermoelectric cooling device, such as a Peltier device, a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), or other thermoelectric cooling device. The thermoelectric cooling device is configured to generate heat through a thermoelectric effect where a heat flux is created at a junction of two different types of materials. The heat flux creates a cold area and a hot area. The cold area is configured to face toward the user's face to provide cool energy to the user's skin.

A method for improving the temperature uniformity of microwave heating is characterized by adding auxiliary materials containing temperature-sensitive electromagnetic materials simultaneously inside, outside, or both inside and outside the material. This causes the heating capacity of the material as a whole or a specific local area within a desired temperature range to decrease as the temperature increases, thereby making the temperatures of hot and cold areas within this temperature range more similar. This invention can significantly improve the temperature uniformity of microwave heating, eliminates the need for complex temperature monitoring methods, and has a wide range of applications.

Various illustrative systems, devices, and methods for face masks are provided. In general, a face mask is configured to provide cooling therapy to a user wearing the face mask. In an exemplary implementation, the face mask includes a thermoelectric cooling device, such as a Peltier device, a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), or other thermoelectric cooling device. The thermoelectric cooling device is configured to generate heat through a thermoelectric effect where a heat flux is created at a junction of two different types of materials. The heat flux creates a cold area and a hot area. The cold area is configured to face toward the user's face to provide cool energy to the user's skin.

The utility model provides a kitchen air conditioner, and relates to the technical field of kitchen appliances. The kitchen air conditioner comprises a shell, a partition plate, an electric control box and a sealing structure. The sealing structure is provided with at least one sealing plate. The partition plate divides the cavity into a cold area and a hot area which are transversely arranged side by side, and at least the hot area of the shell is provided with an opening facing the front side of the kitchen air conditioner; the electric control box is arranged in the cold area, and the sealing plate covers the opening and is connected with the shell and the partition plate so as to at least form local sealing of the hot area. The side, close to the partition plate, of the electric control box is at least provided with a connecting part, the edge of the side, close to the partition plate, of the sealing plate is connected with the partition plate, and the connecting part is pressed on the edge of the front side of the sealing plate. When the electric control box is disassembled and assembled, the influence on the assembly of the sealing plate is avoided, so that the influence on the sealing of the hot area is avoided, and the sealing effect of the hot area is improved to the maximum extent.

A storage device allocates a thermal region tag (TRT) to a meta block based on a programming temperature and other conditions that may affect an optimal TRT parameter. A controller in the storage device programs a meta block and obtains a current temperature, a first TRT associated with the current temperature, and a parameter associated with the first TRT when closing the meta block. The controller determines that the first TRT has been active for more than a predefined active period, a temperature fluctuation across a predefined number of thermal regions occurred during previous meta blocks programming, and / or a number of meta blocks assigned to the first TRT is greater than a TRT compaction threshold. The controller deactivates the first TRT, allocates a second TRT to a thermal region including the current temperature, and assigns the second TRT to the meta block.

The present invention provides an infrared sensor comprising: a substrate; a plurality of thermocouple modules arranged on one surface of the substrate; and an electrode arranged on one surface of the substrate, wherein the plurality of thermocouple modules comprise a first material, a second material, and an infrared absorption layer arranged on the first material and the second material, the first material and the second material comprise a hot region of an upper portion and a cold region of a lower portion, the infrared absorption layer is arranged in the hot regions of the upper portions of the first material and the second material, the electrode comprises a first electrode arranged in the hot region of the upper portion of the thermocouple module and a second electrode formed in the cold region, and the first material and the second material comprise an empty cavity layer between the upper portion and the substrate.

The utility model discloses a heating disc assembly and a cooking utensil. The heating disc assembly comprises a disc body, a heat conduction piece and a heating piece. The tray body comprises a tray body. The heat conduction piece is arched relative to the disc body so that a heat transfer cavity can be defined by the heat conduction piece and the disc body, and the heat transfer cavity is located in the area from the edge of the disc body to the center of the disc body and further extends in the circumferential direction of the disc body. The heating piece is opposite to the heat conduction piece and comprises a cold end and a hot end. And the cold end and the hot end are in contact with the bottom wall of the heat transfer cavity. Therefore, although the calorific value of the cold end is smaller than that of the hot end, based on the arrangement, heat of the cold end and the hot end is transmitted to the heat transfer cavity, the heat transfer cavity is large enough relative to the area, making contact with food, of the heating disc assembly, and the temperature of the heat transfer cavity is uniform, so that the area, making contact with the food, of the heating disc assembly does not have a cold area or a hot area; and the bottom pasting phenomenon can be reduced or avoided.

The invention discloses a seat pressure distribution detection method and system, a seat and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a pressure characteristic parameter of the contact between a user and the seat and a contact hot area characteristic parameter; obtaining an initial pressure distribution result of the user on the seat according to the pressure characteristic parameters of the contact between the user and the seat; according to the incidence relation between the pre-stored pressure characteristic parameters and the contact hot area characteristic parameters, the initial pressure distribution result is corrected through the contact hot area characteristic parameters, a final pressure distribution result is obtained, and the final pressure distribution result comprises the human tissue type and the pressure of the contact part of the user and the seat. With the adoption of the method and the device, the supporting condition of the seat on each part of the body of the user can be accurately known, so that reliable guidance can be brought to the supporting adjustment of the seat.

The invention discloses a control method for a refrigeration house refrigeration system, and relates to the technical field of refrigeration system automatic control, climate domain division and domain self-adaptive prediction models are introduced, and the control robustness and adaptability of the refrigeration house refrigeration system in a multi-climate-region environment are remarkably improved; according to climate domain division, refrigeration houses are grouped based on external climate characteristics, so that the model can focus on a specific climate mode, and deviation caused by data distribution differences is reduced; domain adaptive training enables the prediction model to learn cross-domain shared characterization through a feature alignment mechanism, so that accurate energy consumption and temperature prediction can be maintained in cold or hot regions, and the problem of failure of a traditional single model in local climate is avoided; the optimization control part is combined with a rolling time domain strategy and a climate perception algorithm, actuator parameters are dynamically adjusted, it is ensured that under the sudden load or extreme weather, energy consumption and temperature stability can still be balanced, the defrosting frequency and equipment stress are reduced, and the service life of the system is prolonged.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) navigation and parameter configuration method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) BIOS development.The method comprises the following steps: drawing hardware areas according to real screen printing of a mainboard, and distributing rectangular hot area coordinates and standard names for each hardware area; constructing a navigation index table according to the name of each hardware area, the form ID and the target page, and hitting a rectangular hot area corresponding to the hardware area based on the navigation index table and the interaction event; loading the hardware configuration parameters corresponding to the hit rectangular hot area, highlighting the modifiable item, obtaining interaction information, and performing legality verification and storage; and monitoring a rollback event, if the page corresponding to the rollback event jumps from the main page, returning to the main page, and restoring the previous hot area highlight state, otherwise, returning to the upper layer menu. According to the method, the problems that a traditional BIOS is complex in hierarchy, low in interaction efficiency and difficult in hardware change adaptation are effectively solved, and the user configuration efficiency and the system stability are remarkably improved.

The air conditioning system comprises an air conditioner and a cloud server, the air conditioner comprises a position sensing module and a controller, and the position sensing module is used for obtaining a first position of a user and a first timestamp when the user is located at the first position in real time; the cloud server is used for acquiring a second position of the user in a preset period and a second timestamp when the user is located at the second position, and constructing an activity hot area mapping relation; the controller is configured to receive the active hot area mapping relation, the first position and the first timestamp when the air conditioner is powered on; querying an active hotspot mapping relationship based on the first timestamp and the first position; and according to the query result, the air conditioner is controlled to execute the first air supply strategy or the air conditioner is controlled to execute the second air supply strategy so as to carry out differential air supply, so that the actual requirements of the user at different time and spaces can be accurately matched, the problem of scene splitting caused by executing the air supply strategy singly according to the spatial position is solved, and the comfort of the user is improved.

A method and an apparatus for predicting user interactive intention, and a storage medium are provided. The method includes: acquiring position information of a visual indicator identifier, the visual indicator identifier being configured to mark a manipulation position of an user in a preset space; determining a relative position relationship between the visual indicator identifier and a predicted hot region of an interaction object according to the position information of the visual indicator identifier; determining a first motion feature of the visual indicator identifier in the predicted hot region, when it is determined that the visual indicator identifier is located in the predicted hot region according to the relative position relationship; and determining the interaction object as a target interaction object with which the user has interactive intention when the first motion feature of the visual indicator identifier matches with an intra-hot-region motion feature.

The invention relates to a silicon carbide crystal ingot laser lift-off method and system based on liquid nitrogen temperature control, and belongs to the technical field of crystal processing, and the method comprises the following steps: forming a slightly split modified layer in a silicon carbide crystal ingot through monopulse laser; freezing the modified layer through a liquid nitrogen spray head, forming a cold area on the upper part of the modified layer, and forming a hot area on the lower part of the modified layer; a temperature difference exists between the cold area and the hot area, the silicon carbide crystal ingot generates a stress difference under the difference of thermal expansion coefficients, and the modified layer is fractured along the split position to realize stripping of the silicon carbide crystal ingot. According to the method, the modified layer is formed through monopulse laser pretreatment, the temperature difference is constructed by combining liquid nitrogen injection and the heating objective table, stress is generated by utilizing the difference of thermal expansion coefficients to achieve silicon carbide crystal ingot stripping, and the problems that an existing silicon carbide crystal ingot separation technology is thick in damaged layer, complex in process and high in cost are solved.

The invention discloses a cache management method and device, equipment, a storage medium and a product, and the method comprises the steps: responding to a cache access, and obtaining a hit condition of the cache access; adjusting global leapfrogging parameters according to the hit condition; and according to the hit condition and the global leapfrogging parameter, adjusting the item level of the data item. According to the embodiment of the invention, the adjustment step length of the item level of the data item is reduced during hit, it is ensured that the hot data partition stores the high-frequency accessed data item, the occasionally accessed data item is prevented from mistakenly entering the hot area, the hot data partition entering speed of the sudden hot data item can be reduced, and the hot data partition entering efficiency is improved. The concerned data items are prevented from being quickly deleted; when the new inserted data is not hit, a large entry level is configured for the new inserted data, the new inserted data is placed in a cold data area, storage of high-frequency access data is prevented from being affected, negative feedback closed-loop control over a cache area is achieved, cold and hot data are effectively distinguished, the problem of access delay caused by the fact that the cold and hot data are difficult to distinguish is solved, and the access efficiency is improved. And the response speed and the cache stability are dynamically balanced.

The utility model relates to the technical field of storage, in particular to a display cabinet. The display cabinet comprises a cabinet body and a refrigerating system, the cabinet body comprises a storage cavity, an equipment cavity, a cold air duct and a hot air duct, the storage cavity comprises a hot area and a cold area, the hot air duct comprises a middle air duct and side air ducts, an upper end opening of the middle air duct communicates with the hot area through an air inlet duct, and a lower end opening of the middle air duct communicates with the equipment cavity; a heater, a fan and a lower air door are sequentially arranged in the middle air duct from top to bottom, the lower air door is used for closing or opening a lower end opening of the middle air duct, the side air duct is communicated with the hot area through an air return duct, and a side air opening and a side air door used for closing or opening the side air opening are arranged between the side air duct and the middle air duct. The side air door is located between the fan and the lower air door, and the refrigerating system is installed in the equipment cavity. When the display cabinet is in a heating and normal temperature coexistence mode, the lower air door closes the lower end opening of the middle air duct, so that hot air does not pass through a refrigerating system in the equipment cavity, heat waste can be avoided, and energy consumption is reduced.