1647 results about "Radiant heat" patented technology

A shower head formed by stacking a shower base, a gas diffusion plate, and a shower plate and supplying material gas and oxidizer gas to a wafer on a loading table through a first gas diffusion part and a second gas diffusion part formed in both faces of the gas diffusion plate, first gas outlets formed in the shower plate and communicating with a first gas diffusion space, and second gas outlets formed in the shower plate and communicating with a second gas diffusion space. A plurality of heat transfer columns fitted closely to the lower surface of the shower base are installed in the first gas diffusion part so that portions therebetween can form the first gas diffusion space, and radiant heat from the loading table is transmitted by the heat transfer columns in the thickness direction of the shower head.

A method and apparatus for thermally processing a substrate is described. The apparatus includes a substrate support configured to move linearly and/or rotationally by a magnetic drive. The substrate support is also configured to receive a radiant heat source to provide heating region in a portion of the chamber. An active cooling region comprising a cooling plate is disposed opposite the heating region. The substrate may move between the two regions to facilitate rapidly controlled heating and cooling of the substrate.

Thermochromic liquid crystal filters are fabricated by providing two polarizers oriented at offset polarity with respect to each other; providing alignment structures adjacent the inner surfaces of the polarizers; placing a plurality of spacers between the polarizers; and filling a space created by the spacers with a thermotropic liquid crystal that acts as a wave block in an isotropic state and acts as a depolarizer in a nematic state. Alternatively, the filters can be created by encapsulating a thermochromic liquid crystal with a polymer material to form a flexible film and orienting the thermochromic liquid crystal in the polymer material to create a structure that functions as a thermochromic optical filter. Such filters can control the flow of light and radiant heat through selective reflection, transmission, absorption, and/or re-emission. The filters have particular application in passive or active light-regulating and temperature-regulating films, materials, and devices, and particularly as construction materials.

A cooking unit may operate using multiple types of fuel to cook food. One or more first heat source, such as gas burners, electrical resistive heaters, and/or other heating technology, may provide radiant heat to a cooking chamber. One or more second heat source, such as a firebox, may provide indirect heat to the cooking chamber, for example by producing smoke. User operable controls and/or an automated control unit may alter the rate at which a fuel and/or air is supplied to one or more heat source.

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices, methods of forming such devices, and elements of such devices. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides devices configured for vaporization of an aerosol precursor composition through radiant heating. The radiant heat source may be a laser diode or further element suitable for providing electromagnetic radiation, and heating may be carried out within an optional chamber, which can be a radiation-trapping chamber. In some embodiments, an interior of such chamber may be configured as a black body or as a white body.

A method is described for cleaning a silicon surface of a semiconductor wafer in a vacuum chamber while radiantly heating said silicon surface to maintain it within a first temperature range in the presence of hydrogen gas; then quickly cooling the wafer down to a second temperature range by reducing the radiant heat; and then forming a layer of either polysilicon or oxide over the cleaned surface within this second temperature range without removing the cleaned wafer from the chamber. By cleaning the wafer and then depositing polysilicon or growing oxide over the cleaned silicon surface in the same vacuum chamber, formation of oxides and other contaminants on the cleaned silicon surface between the cleaning step and the deposition or growth step is inhibited, resulting in a higher quality polysilicon or oxide layer formed over the cleaned silicon surface.

An oven for transferring heat to food in trays and a method for using the oven. The oven includes a cabinet with partitions dividing the interior into a plurality of separate, thermally isolated holding compartments each adapted for removably receiving a tray of food. Heat sources above the tray emit radiant heat to warm the food in the trays. A control mechanism controls the duration of the total hold time for the food having a duration of heated holding time during which a respective heat source is activated. The oven also includes a forced air mechanism under the control of the control mechanism for delivering forced air into the compartments. The heat sources are activated and deactivated during successive duty cycles to thereby to maintain the food in a respective compartment at a selected holding temperature for a duration of heated holding time.

Thermochromic filters are constructed using absorptive, reflective, or fluorescent dyes, molecules, polymers, particles, rods, or other orientation-dependent colorants that have their orientation, order, or director influenced by carrier materials, which are themselves influenced by temperature. These order-influencing carrier materials include thermotropic liquid crystals, which provide orientation to dyes and polymers in a Guest-Host system in the liquid-crystalline state at lower temperatures, but do not provide such order in the isotropic state at higher temperatures. The varying degree to which the absorptive, reflective, or fluorescent particles interact with light in the two states can be exploited to make many varieties of thermochromic filters. Thermochromic filters can control the flow of light and radiant heat through selective reflection, transmission, absorption, and/or re-emission. The filters have particular application in passive or active light-regulating and temperature-regulating films, materials, and devices, and particularly as construction materials and building and vehicle surfaces.

An oven using radiant heat at infrared wavelengths optimized for producing rapid and uniform cooking of a wide variety of foods. The infrared oven toasts, bakes, broils, and re-heats food at a much faster speed while maintaining high quality in taste and appearance of the cooked food. Optimal infrared wavelengths of the radiant heat sources are used for the best balance of cooking performance, while also reducing the time required to cook the food. Typically short to medium wavelength infrared radiant energy will result in good performance for toasting and browning of food. Medium to long wavelength infrared radiant energy is well suited for delivering more deeply penetrating radiant energy into the food. This deep penetration of radiant infrared heat energy results in a more thorough internal cooking of the food than with conventional methods of conduction and convection cooking.

A horticultural light apparatus that reduces heat transmitted to plants that are being illuminated is provided. The Inventive Device includes a hollow, transparent, cylindrical tube, preferably made of glass. The tube is open at both ends and adapted to receive spigot members, the spigot members also being open ended. A support bracket to mount a lightbulb is affixed to at least one of the spigots. A reflector is also installed on the interior of the tube. In use, a lightbulb is inserted into the tube and secured by the spigots. Because of the open ends, air can flow through the tube, thus eliminating over-heating of the lightbulb. The glass absorbs much of the radiant heat generated by the lightbulb while emitting substantially all of the light generated by the lightbulb. The reflector directs the light in a generally downward direction. Means for suspending the Device are also included.

The invention relates to heat insulating and energy saving coating used for the vehicle, and the preparation method thereof. The invention takes organic resin film forming material as the main material, the coating at least includes infrared reflection pigment, hollow ceramic micro-spheres and silicon dioxide aerogel, an organic resin film having low sunlight absorption rate is formed in the coating through the organic resin film forming material with high transparency, the visible light and the near infrared ray in the sunlight are reflected through the infrared reflection pigment, the rutile type titanium dioxide and the hollow ceramic micro-spheres, and simultaneously a compact vacuum layer and an inert gas layer are formed on the surface of a coated object through the hollow ceramic micro-spheres and the silicon dioxide aerogel, so as to effectively isolate the radiant heat of the sun, and to reduce the heat conduction of air, and finally the heat insulating and energy saving coating used for the vehicle is formed, which not only can effectively reflect the energy in the sunlight, but also can effectively isolate the radiant heat of the sun and reduce the heat conduction of air, and simultaneously has good weather resistant performance, chemicals resistant performance, mechanical property and decorative property.

A cooking apparatus has a food support with food engaging structure, such as a rotisserie spit. A firebed is mounted under the food support to heat food at the food support. A heat reflective vault is mounted over the food support for reflecting radiant heat back down toward the food support. The vault extends over the food support while still providing access from the side. A drive mechanism can vertically adjust the firebed to adjust heat flowing toward the food support. An elevator motor may be coupled to the drive mechanism for vertically positioning the firebed. A thermostat responsive to heat from the firebed and coupled to the elevator motor can control elevation of the firebed.

A computer controlled power saving automatic zoned dryer for a printing press has a dryer head facing the substrate travel path, having a multiplicity of IR lamps connected individually or in groups to form a plurality of heating zones running longitudinally and each extending laterally side by side across the substrate travel path. The radiant heat output of each heating zone is controlled separately by means of a control unit connected to a power supply. The control unit individually regulates output of the heating zones. Unneeded zones are turned off to reduce cost of power and conserve energy. A plurality of heat sensors spaced laterally across the substrate path measure the surface temperature of substrate heated areas corresponding to the heating zones being operated and maintain an automatic set point temperature. The temperature of each individual heated area can be regulated automatically by adjusting the output of its heating zone whereby printed substrates having a more even temperature profile are delivered. In an alternate manual mode any zone can be set independently to operate at any percentage of full available power from zero to 100%. Separate high velocity air scrubbers and additional air extraction are used to enhance the total drying effect of the zoned dryer assembly.

A massaging apparatus that includes at least one massaging element in a housing and extending therefrom for use in manipulating a subject's tissue and further including a radiant heat source.

The invention provides a heat-transfer-medium heating apparatus using a PTC heater and a vehicular air-conditioning apparatus using such a heating apparatus, which have superior heat-conducting properties and ease of assembly, which can improve the heating capacity, and which can ensure sufficient electrical insulation. Included are a PTC heater having a stacked construction in which an electrode plate, an incompressible insulating layer, and a compressible heat-conducting layer are sequentially provided on each side of a PTC element so as to sandwich the PTC element; and heat-transfer-medium circulating boxes, respectively disposed in close contact with the two surfaces of the PTC heater and having circulating channels for the heat-transfer-medium formed therein. The heat transfer medium circulating inside the heat-transfer-medium circulating boxes is heated by radiant heat from the two surfaces of the PTC heater.

A rotary tube furnace suitable for operation in controlled atmospheres at temperatures in the range of 1500 DEG to 2800 DEG comprises a generally horizontal rotatable graphite tube slidably supported on water-cooled split ring graphite bearings. The graphite tube is rotated by means of a stainless steel drive plate and is contained within a flexible atmospheric sealing assembly and enclosure for the containment of a selected atmosphere around and within the tube and allows for the co-current or counter-current flow of gas during operation. Radiation baffles in the interior of the graphite tube inhibit radiant heat loss at the ends of the tube. The graphite tube may be constructed in two or more sections having threaded ends for ease of installation as well as removal or replacement for maintenance purposes. A heating section of the tube is heated by a plurality of graphite electrical heating elements contained within an insulated heating chamber.

A portable, collapsible radiant heater includes a base and a support mounted to the base. The support has a collapsed position wherein the base is configured to at least partially receive the support, and an extended position wherein the support extends upwardly from the base. A heater-head for generating radiant heat is connected to the support. A reflector is mounted to one of the heater-head and the support. The reflector at least partially surrounds the heater-head for downwardly reflecting radiant heat generated by the heater-head. The reflector and heater-head are reciprocally movable between the collapsed position wherein the reflector and heater-head are in close proximity to the base and the extended position wherein the reflector and heater-head are distant from the base.

An image forming apparatus that is capable of preventing a damage to a fusing belt or hazardous conditions due to the overheating of the fusing belt and a fusing device thereof are disclosed. The image forming apparatus has a fusing device including a fusing belt, a heat source disposed in the fusing belt, a support member to support the fusing belt, the support member having an opening through which heat emitted from the heat source passes to at least a portion of the fusing belt, and a first temperature sensor positioned to measure temperature of the fusing belt at the portion directly heated by radiant heat transmitted through the opening. A control unit of the image forming apparatus controls the heat source based on the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor.

An automotive vehicle safety device for melting ice and snow on roadways and in areas immediately adjacent the vehicle tires includes ductwork extending from a heater mounted adjacent the vehicle engine with the ductwork terminating at front and rear undercarriage mounted v-shaped ducts. Each v-shaped duct includes a pair of heating vents disposed adjacent each vehicle tire that blows heated air onto the roadway for melting the ice and snow. A heating grid is securable to the vehicle undercarriage for providing additional radiant heat to melt ice and snow, and a dashboard-mounted control panel provides for the manual activation of the heater and the heating grid while sensors mounted to the undercarriage and electrically connected to the control panel provide for automatic activation of the heater and heating grid upon sensing a predetermined temperature.

A semiconductor processing tool heats wafers using radiant heat and resistive heat in chamber or in a load lock where pressure changes. The wafers are heated in greater part with a resistive heat source until a transition temperature or pressure is reached, then they are heated in greater part with a radiant heat source. Throughput improves for the tool because of the wafers can reach a high temperature uniformly in seconds.