The invention discloses a method and an experimental device suitable for measuring the heat conductivity coefficient of flowing high-temperature high-pressure fluid. The experimental device comprises a test tube, a heating copper electrode A, a heating copper electrode B, a temperature measuring mixed cavity A, a temperature measuring mixed cavity B, a wall temperature thermocouple, a fluid temperature thermocouple A, a fluid temperature thermocouple B, a copper electrode lead A, a copper electrode lead B, a switchover tee joint A and a switchover tee joint B, and also comprises a heat shielding screen and a thermal insulation material wrapping the outer wall of the test tube. According to the experimental device, the test tube can be well subjected to heat insulation, so that loss of natural convection heat exchange and radiant heat can be effectively reduced in experiment, the experiment date error is small, and effective basis is provided for accurate experiment data of the heat conductivity coefficient and design and application of the heat conductivity coefficient. The experimental device provides effective help for research of a novel cooling manner, and also provides experimental feasibility for accurate experimental measurement of the heat conductivity coefficient of the high-temperature high-pressure fluid under pressure of 0-7MPa.