509results about "Calorimeter" patented technology

The invention discloses a multi-channel high-precision three-dimensional microcalorimeter, and belongs to the technical field of microcalorimeters, the multi-channel high-precision three-dimensional microcalorimeter comprises a support block, a furnace body is arranged above the support block, a heat insulation layer is arranged in the furnace body in sequence, a heating cylinder is arranged in the heat insulation layer, a heat uniformizing block is arranged in the heating cylinder, and the heat uniformizing block is arranged in the furnace body. The device comprises a heat uniformizing block, a heat measuring cavity is formed in the heat uniformizing block, a heat uniformizing block temperature sensor is arranged at the circle center of the heat measuring cavity, a plurality of heat measuring channels are arranged in the heat measuring cavity around the circle center of the heat uniformizing block at equal intervals, the distances between every two adjacent heat measuring channels are the same, and three-dimensional thermopiles are arranged on the outer walls of the heat measuring channels in a sleeving mode. The number of the heat measuring channels is at least three. According to the multi-channel high-precision three-dimensional microcalorimeter, multiple channels are arranged, multiple groups of experiments, especially comparative experiments, can be carried out at the same time, the experiment efficiency can be greatly improved, and the research and development progress of scientific researchers is accelerated.

The invention provides a neutral electrode heat effect test method and system, and relates to the field of neutral electrode detection. The invention relates to a neutral electrode heat effect test method, which comprises the following steps of: attaching a neutral electrode to a contact unit of one or more of a plurality of test modules; the contact units are conducted with the corresponding direct connection units; determining at least part of the plurality of test modules as initial effective test modules; acquiring an attachment safety threshold value of the neutral electrode, and selecting at least part of the initial effective test modules as final effective test modules according to the attachment safety threshold value; the contact unit of the final effective test module is conducted with the corresponding human body skin impedance unit; and after the first current is continuously applied to the neutral electrode within the first time period, temperature rise temperature data of each final effective test module is obtained, and the heat effect data comprises the temperature rise temperature data.

The invention relates to the technical field of heat meter performance test and operation and maintenance management, in particular to a heat supply working condition multi-source parameter real-time acquisition heat meter performance intelligent analysis system, which comprises a working condition simulation subsystem, a multi-source parameter real-time acquisition module, an intelligent analysis engine and data management and visual interaction interface, and a digital twinning virtual calibration module. Multi-dimensional variable working conditions are constructed through the working condition simulation subsystem, the acquisition module realizes high-precision synchronous acquisition, the intelligent analysis engine integrates multiple algorithms to complete data fusion, performance prediction, health degree evaluation and fault early warning, and the data management module realizes whole-process closed-loop management. The heat meter test accuracy and the working condition coverage are improved, intelligent analysis and accurate calibration are achieved, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and stable and efficient operation of a heat supply system is guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of fermentation temperature measurement, in particular to a microbial fermentation temperature high-precision monitoring method and system.The method comprises the steps that correlation between fermentation temperature and fermentation heat data of any fermentation layer at all moments in all time periods is analyzed; determining the data credibility according to the similarity of the fermentation temperature variation trend of any fermentation layer and the fermentation temperature variation trend of all the other fermentation layers, so as to screen out a characteristic time period and a characteristic fermentation layer; and based on the fermentation temperature difference between each moment and the adjacent moment of any characteristic fermentation layer, determining a noise characteristic value to screen out a noise moment, de-noising the fermentation temperature at the noise moment, and monitoring the de-noised fermentation temperature. According to the method, the problem that the real fermentation temperature has no judgment noise and is smoothed when the data is denoised by adopting a traditional digital filtering algorithm is solved, and the precision and the reliability of monitoring the microbial fermentation temperature are improved.

The invention discloses a chromium-doped indium oxide-based high-temperature heat flux sensor and a preparation method thereof, a screen printing technology is adopted, a slurry formula and printing process parameters are optimized, a thermopile structure is accurately formed on a high-temperature-resistant ceramic substrate, and then a thermopile and a thermal resistance layer are subjected to step-by-step high-temperature sintering treatment, so that the chromium-doped indium oxide-based high-temperature heat flux sensor is obtained. And firm combination between the thin film and the substrate and densification of a microstructure are ensured. The finally prepared sensor has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance and long-term working stability, is stable and reliable in thermoelectric output signal, meets the strict requirements of aerospace, energy power and other fields on high-temperature heat flow measurement, is suitable for heat flow monitoring in high-temperature combustion environments, high-speed pneumatic heating and other scenes, and has wide application prospects. And a reliable test means is provided for design and performance evaluation of the thermal protection system in an extreme environment.

The invention discloses a high-power thin film thermopile laser power meter and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of laser detection equipment. The high-power thin-film thermopile laser power meter comprises a thermopile chip and a heat sink packaging shell, the thermopile chip comprises a substrate, a thermopile layer is arranged on the substrate, the thermopile layer comprises a plurality of thermocouple lines, the adjacent thermocouple lines are connected in series, the thermocouple lines are distributed in a square shape, the thermocouple lines are distributed in a step shape, and the thermopile chip is connected with the heat sink packaging shell. And a cold end thermal resistance layer and a hot end thermal resistance layer are respectively arranged above the cold end and below the hot end of the thermopile layer. The structure of the thermopile is optimized, the heat transfer path in the thermopile chip is regulated and controlled, the stability of the thermopile chip in a low laser power test is improved, the preparation process is improved, and the cost is reduced. The problems that an existing thin film thermopile laser power meter is low in sensitivity and poor in stability during low-power measurement, and a thermopile chip is prone to aging and poor in stability during high-power density measurement are effectively solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of integrating instruments, in particular to a multi-interface heat flow integrating instrument, which comprises a multi-system input interface unit, and is characterized in that pulse signals, 4-20mA current signals and differential voltage signals are accessed through a phoenix terminal array; the input end of the heterogeneous switch matrix is electrically connected with the output end of the multi-system input interface unit, and the heterogeneous switch matrix is used for matching signal types and frequency bands of output signals of different types of sensors; and the input end of the optomagnetic double-coupling driving module is connected with the control port of the heterogeneous switch matrix, so that the signal integrity and the system safety are improved. Compared with the prior art, by arranging the multi-system input interface unit, the standby power consumption is greatly reduced, the system response speed is improved, the structure has the characteristics of high adaptability, high compatibility and low power consumption, and a high-reliability and intelligent access platform is provided for parallel deployment of various heat flow sensors.

[Object] To provide a Peltier element with an ultra-low thermal resistance heat flux sensor that is capable of detecting heat flow passing through the Peltier element at high speed and has negligible thermal resistance.[Solving Means] It has a structure in which an anomalous Nernst heat flux sensor 20 is formed directly on one or both of an upper part and a lower part of an insulating board that forms a Peltier element 10. The present invention is favorably characterized in that each fine line (22a) of a thermoelectric generator is formed of a magnetic material having residual magnetization even in absence of an external magnetic field and is magnetized in a direction orthogonal to a length direction of the fine line, and each fine line (23a) of a connector is formed of a ferromagnetic material that is magnetized in a direction opposite to a direction in which each fine line (22a) is magnetized, a magnetic material having a Nernst coefficient with an opposite sign to that of each fine line (22a), or a non-magnetic material.

To provide a technique capable of accurately estimating heat energy consumption of a heat utilization facility without requiring an expensive flowmeter and without stopping a factory.SOLUTION: An estimation device (1) includes an estimation unit (11) configured to acquire a first measurement value from each of a plurality of heat utilization facilities (21 to 22) and calculate an estimation value of thermal energy consumption of each of the plurality of heat utilization facilities (21 to 22) from the first measurement value, a correction value calculation unit (12) configured to calculate a correction value from an analysis value of a drain flow rate of an entire plant (2) including the plurality of heat utilization facilities (21 to 22) calculated by a simulator (3) and an actual measurement value of the drain flow rate of the entire plant (2), and an estimation unit (13) configured to estimate the thermal energy consumption of each of the plurality of heat utilization facilities (21 to 22) by correcting the estimation value using the correction value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

A structure is provided that includes a thermal dissipation measurement sensor located on the frontside or the backside of a semiconductor device. The thermal dissipation measurement sensor includes a first probe region and a second probe region that are interconnected by a plurality of metal lines that are arranged in a serpentine pattern and having at least one non-powered metal line located between, and spaced apart from, each of the metal lines.

The invention relates to the technical field of heat management of new energy automobiles, in particular to a cooling liquid flow calculation method of a thick film heater, which realizes backstepping calculation of the cooling liquid flow through a multi-parameter fusion monitoring algorithm, can quickly respond at the moment of failure of a flow sensor, timely adjusts the power of the heater or stops heating, and improves the heating efficiency. The occurrence of overhigh temperature is effectively avoided, the safety and reliability of the thick film water heater are remarkably improved, and the running risk of a vehicle is reduced; stable operation of the vehicle heating system, the battery preheating system and the like is ensured, a more comfortable driving and riding environment is provided for drivers and passengers, meanwhile, the performance and the service life of the battery are guaranteed, and the overall quality and the user experience of the new energy vehicle are improved.

A heat flux sensor device (100) comprising a semiconductor substrate layer (104) and a cap layer (102) that has a substrate-facing side (106) and a reception side (108). The cap layer (102) is bonded on the substrate-facing side (106) to the substrate layer (104), and the substrate layer (104) and the cap layer (102) together defining a first cavity (116). A first thermal sensor element (120, 122) is disposed within the first cavity (116) and configured to translate thermal energy proportional to a temperature difference between the cap layer (102) and the substrate layer (104) into first electrical energy. Signal processing circuitry is provided operably coupled to the first thermal sensor element (120, 122) and configured to use the first electrical energy generated by the first thermal sensor element (120, 122) to measure a heat flux flowing from the cap layer (102) to the substrate layer (104). The first cavity (116) is opaque to infrared electromagnetic radiation incident from the reception side (108) of the cap layer (102).

The invention provides a concrete structure construction period temperature deformation cracking risk prediction method comprising the following steps: S1, temperature monitoring: after concrete structure pouring is completed, continuously monitoring a concrete internal and surface temperature development curve; s2, inverting thermal parameters, namely inverting an equivalent adiabatic temperature rise curve and an equivalent thermal diffusivity of concrete under a field condition and a convective heat transfer coefficient of the concrete under a template in-place condition by combining a monitoring temperature, an environment temperature and a heat preservation condition and utilizing a heat conduction equation inverse analysis method; s3, prediction in the form removal period and the later period: inputting the thermal parameters obtained by inversion into finite element software, performing temperature field prediction, switching a boundary condition to be a heat exchange coefficient after form removal, and simulating subsequent temperature evolution; s4, risk index calculation and grading: calculating a risk index, and quantifying or grading the cracking risk according to a set threshold value; s5, performing construction decision linkage; according to the method, the thermal parameters of the concrete can be quickly inverted by utilizing early field measured temperature data.

The utility model relates to the technical field of testing, in particular to a differential scanning calorimeter which comprises a differential scanning calorimeter, a heating assembly, a display screen and ground feet, the display screen is arranged on one side of the front face of the differential scanning calorimeter, and the ground feet are connected to the positions, close to the four corners, of the lower end of the differential scanning calorimeter. One side, far away from the display screen, of the upper end of the differential scanning calorimeter is connected with a heating assembly, and the heating assembly is composed of a heat insulation cover, a heat insulation sleeve, a handle, a first inner cover, a second inner cover, an inner furnace, an outer furnace, a heat insulation tank, a sealing ring, a heating ring, a sample holder, a soaking block, a sample box and a temperature difference sensor.

The invention discloses a one-dimensional heat flux density measuring device based on the Fourier law, and relates to the technical field of object heat flux density measurement. Comprising a heating unit, a sealing heat insulation unit, a cooling unit, a temperature acquisition unit and a data processing unit. The sealing heat insulation unit comprises a heat insulation material, an aluminum oxide ceramic tube, a sealing air layer, an outer layer supporting plate and a rubber or silica gel sealing ring. The heating unit comprises a high-temperature copper plate heating platform; the cooling unit comprises a water cooling head, a cooling water jacket and a cooling water tank, and is nested at the top of the sealed heat insulation unit; according to the temperature acquisition unit, a thermocouple is attached to the surface of a measured object and is connected with an external thermodetector; the data processing unit comprises an acquisition terminal and a computer, the acquisition terminal is connected with a USB interface of the computer and a USB interface of the thermodetector, and data acquired by the thermodetector is transmitted to the computer. The invention provides the heat flux density measuring device which is simple and convenient to assemble, low in construction cost and simple and convenient to calculate, and the measuring efficiency is improved.

The application discloses a kind of in-pipe fluid temperature measurement method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium, it is related to in-pipe temperature measurement technical field, the method comprises: determining the fixed parameter of target to be measured, the flow rate of fluid, noise variance and observation variance;Fixed parameter includes pipe wall thickness, pipe wall material thermal conductivity, fluid convection heat transfer coefficient and air convection heat transfer coefficient;According to the optimal in-pipe temperature of last time and the flow rate of fluid, determine the predicted temperature of current time;According to the optimal covariance of last time and noise variance, determine the covariance of current time;The optimal covariance of last time is determined according to the weight coefficient of last time, covariance, fixed parameter and observation variance;According to the weight coefficient of current time, determine the covariance of current time, fixed parameter and observation variance;According to the predicted temperature of current time, weight coefficient, outer wall temperature, air temperature, fixed parameter and observation variance, determine the optimal in-pipe temperature of current time.The application expands the use range of in-pipe temperature measurement.

The invention relates to a multifunctional heat dissipating capacity testing device. The system comprises an engine, an engine water inlet pipe, an engine water outlet pipe, a fan, a water tank, an intercooler, a water inlet temperature sensor, a water outlet temperature sensor, an intercooling front pipeline, an intercooling rear pipeline, an intercooling air inlet temperature sensor, an engine air inlet temperature sensor, a water flow meter, an air flow meter, a baffle, an electronic fan, a water tank front temperature sensor and an intercooling front temperature sensor. An engine air inlet pipeline, an environment temperature sensor and an environment air conditioner. The invention further relates to a testing method using the multifunctional heat dissipating capacity testing device. The method can predict and solve the high temperature condition of the water tank and the intercooling system when the environmental condition and the whole vehicle configuration change, and saves the time cost and the labor cost.

The invention provides an electromechanical equipment heat dissipating capacity field measurement device and method, and relates to the technical field of heat measurement, and the electromechanical equipment heat dissipating capacity field measurement method comprises the steps that an exhaust fan and a simulation heat source are started, and a data collection unit receives measurement data obtained through measurement of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a mass flow meter; and after judging that the precision of the electromechanical equipment heat dissipating capacity field measurement device reaches the standard, closing the simulated heat source, starting the electromechanical equipment to be measured, and after thermal stability balance is achieved, calculating the heat dissipating capacity of the electromechanical equipment to be measured through measurement data of the electromechanical equipment in the latest N seconds. By judging that the relative standard deviation of the heat dissipating capacity in the latest N seconds does not exceed 1% and the relative average rising or falling rate of the heat dissipating capacity does not exceed 0.01%, it is considered that the electromechanical equipment heat dissipating capacity field measurement device reaches thermal stability balance, the situation that the heat dissipating power is slowly increased or reduced can be distinguished, the situation that the device enters the thermal stability state mistakenly in advance is avoided, and the measurement accuracy is improved. And errors of measurement results are reduced.

The application discloses a kind of lithium battery internal temperature and heat generation power online detection system and method based on heat flow and surface temperature, method includes: step 1: with the flexible heat flow sensor layer of high-precision surface temperature sensor attached is placed in isothermal environment cabin;Step 2: control isothermal environment cabin temperature to set value;Step 3: lithium battery is applied electric load;Step 4: real-time synchronous acquisition heat flux density signal and temperature signal on the surface of lithium battery;Step 5: according to heat flux density signal, the instantaneous total heat generation power of battery is calculated;Step 6: combined with temperature signal, ambient temperature and instantaneous total heat generation power, based on heat model inversion, the internal temperature of battery is calculated.The application directly measures the heat flux density and temperature on the surface of battery, combined with heat conduction model, and the instantaneous heat generation power of battery is calculated in real time, high-precision, non-invasively and the internal temperature thereof is inverted, suitable for lithium battery thermal behavior analysis, state evaluation and safety warning.

The utility model relates to the technical field of thermal radiation testing equipment, and particularly provides a surface thermal radiation testing device, which comprises a fixed bracket, a heating substrate and a first receiving substrate, and is characterized in that the fixed bracket is provided with a hollow cavity; the emission substrate is vertically arranged in the hollow cavity; the emission substrate is used for emitting heat radiation; the first receiving substrate is located on one side of the transmitting substrate, and the first receiving substrate is vertically arranged in the hollow cavity; a first test space is formed between the transmitting substrate and the first receiving substrate; the transmitting substrate and the first receiving substrate respectively form a thermocouple structure, and the surface thermal radiation value of the to-be-detected material placed in the first testing space is obtained through comparison and calculation. The transmitting substrate and the first receiving substrate of the surface heat radiation testing device are both vertically arranged in the hollow cavity, and the centers of the transmitting substrate and the first receiving substrate are positioned on the same axis and are aligned, so that the result of each test can be repeated.

The embodiment of the application provides a heat exchange quantity metering method and a controller, a heat exchange quantity metering system and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of heat exchange. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the inlet flow of each inlet pipeline and the outlet flow of each outlet pipeline within a starting time to an ending time, and obtaining the inlet temperature at the starting time and the outlet temperature at the ending time; performing heat exchange quantity calculation according to the inlet flow, the inlet temperature, the outlet flow and the outlet temperature to obtain an initial heat exchange quantity; determining a refrigerant enthalpy value change amount according to the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature; determining a target error proportion according to the refrigerant enthalpy value change amount and the initial heat exchange quantity; if the target error proportion is greater than an error proportion threshold, increasing the ending time, and re-performing error calculation to obtain the target error proportion; if the target error proportion is less than or equal to the error proportion threshold, taking the initial heat exchange quantity as a target heat exchange quantity. The embodiment of the application can realize heat exchange quantity metering of a complex pipeline.

Fluid meter, namely heat quantity meter (1) for recording the quantity of cold and / or heat of a fluid, for installation in a supply line (20) or return line (21) of a fluid piping system, comprising - a connection housing (2), - a measuring arrangement for determining flow rates, - a control and evaluation unit (3) as well as - a first temperature sensor (4) which is intended for installation in the flow line (20) and is intended there for determining the temperature in the flow line (20), - a second temperature sensor (5), which is intended for installation in the return line (21) and is intended there for determining the temperature in the return line (21), - wherein a means for determining the temperature of the connection housing (2) of the fluid meter is provided, - wherein a temperature difference between the temperature of the connection housing (2) of the fluid meter and at least one of the temperatures of the first (4) and second temperature sensor (5) can be determined, wherein the control and evaluation unit (3) determines, on the basis of the determined temperature difference between the temperature of the fluid meter and at least one of the temperatures of the first and second temperature sensors (4, 5), which of the temperature sensors (4, 5) is installed in the supply line (20) or return line (21), wherein the measuring arrangement for determining the flow rate is provided as a means for determining the temperature of the connection housing (2) of the fluid meter, where the temperature sensors (4, 5) are automatically assigned to the flow (20) or return (21), wherein the temperature of the connection housing (2) of the fluid meter is determined on the basis of a temperature-dependent transit time of an ultrasonic signal in the fluid, and wherein a look-up table is provided in which the transit times of the ultrasonic signal in the fluid are stored as a function of the corresponding temperature of the fluid and / or the connection housing (2) of the fluid meter and the temperature to be determined of the connection housing (2) of the fluid meter can be derived from the transit time of the ultrasonic signal and the look-up table.

The present invention relates to an automatic system (1) and a method for monitoring the state of thermal insulation for buildings and infrastructures (2). The system comprises: - at least one internal measuring device (10) and one external measuring device (20), applied to the walls; - at least one Gateway (30) for a long-range communication system (Lo.Ra. or similar); - at least one Server (40) for automatic data storage and analysis. The measuring devices (10, 20) acquire and evaluate the thermal conductivity of the walls on which they are applied, measuring the thermal conductivity at preset intervals through a set of sensors that allow the appropriate corrective measures determined by wind and air humidity (including the possible effects of rain) to be applied. Once the data has been acquired and the thermal conductivity calculation has been carried out (both with the theoretical formulas and by applying the convection correctives), the internal device (10) sends the data to the Server (40), which processes them, determining the variations in thermal conductivity through regression algorithms, in order to estimate the rate of deterioration of the insulation. If the deterioration rate exceeds the standard, estimated from previous data, the system sends an alarm.

The application discloses a kind of based on the growth environment multi-factor comprehensive monitoring method and system of old tree protection, including step (S1) non-invasive perception network construction: in the crown layer area of old tree deployment meteorological monitoring unit, real-time acquisition photosynthetic active radiation intensity PAR and crown layer surface temperature T c ; with trunk as center, soil sensor array is radially laid in root distribution area, and soil volume water content θ and soil water potential are monitored in layers;Micro-invasive thermal diffusion probe is installed at the breast diameter of trunk, and xylem original liquid flow flux SF raw Is continuously measured, and initial liquid flow flux SF raw Calibration is carried out;Foundation interferometric radar is erected outside the protection zone, and three-dimensional spatial distribution point cloud P r Of root is obtained by surface scanning.This application can realize more comprehensive old tree monitoring, and timely find the existing abnormality of old tree environment.

A system for the simultaneous thermal analysis of a plurality of single samples of, in particular biological, material by means of differential scanning calorimetry, with at least one sample carrier having several sample vessels, wherein a single sensor for measuring an amount of heat emitted or absorbed by the single sample during the thermal analysis is assigned to each sample vessel; a heating and / or cooling unit for the simultaneous temperature application of the single samples included in the sample vessels, with a receptacle for the at least one sample carrier; a measuring instrument, which is connected to the single sensors and which is formed to simultaneously capture a measuring value for the emitted or absorbed amount of heat of the single samples during the thermal analysis, a sample carrier, in particular for use in this system as well as a method for the simultaneous analysis of a plurality of single samples or groups of single samples by means of differential scanning calorimetry.

The invention relates to the technical field of material performance testing, and discloses a silica gel adsorbent testing method and system.The method comprises the steps that a silica gel adsorbent sample is placed in a testing cavity, a testing environment is configured, and temperature change data and adsorption isothermal data of the testing cavity in the adsorption process are monitored; the method comprises the following steps: sampling a sample, synchronously acquiring initial adsorption heat distribution and initial total pore volume of the sample, performing adsorption and desorption stress circulation on the sample, monitoring post-circulation adsorption heat distribution and post-circulation total pore volume of the sample under the adsorption and desorption stress circulation condition in real time, performing adsorption heat difference calculation on the initial adsorption heat distribution and the post-circulation adsorption heat distribution, and calculating the adsorption heat difference between the initial adsorption heat distribution and the post-circulation adsorption heat distribution. The adsorption heat change index of the sample is obtained, the pore volume retention rate of the total pore volume relative to the initial total pore volume after circulation is evaluated, and the stability evaluation parameters of the sample are generated based on the adsorption heat change index and the pore volume retention rate. The performance evolution process under the actual working condition is effectively simulated, and the accuracy, sensitivity and predictability of testing are remarkably improved.

The application belongs to the technical field of thermal field measurement under high temperature environment, and particularly relates to a high-temperature thermal field direct measurement sensor array. In use, thermal radiation is irradiated on a heat-absorbing layer, the heat-absorbing layer absorbs the thermal radiation and transmits the heat to a high-conductivity micro region, so that a transverse thermoelectric voltage is generated between a first electrode and a second electrode, and the heat flux density at the high-conductivity micro region is calculated according to the transverse thermoelectric voltage; the temperature at the high-conductivity micro region is calculated according to the resistance between a third electrode and a fourth electrode, the heat flux density at the high-conductivity micro region is calibrated through the temperature at the high-conductivity micro region, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the heat flux are inversed by comprehensively considering the heat flux and the temperature at multiple high-conductivity micro regions. The high-temperature thermal field direct measurement sensor array can output the spatial distribution of two modes of heat flux density and temperature, and realize high-precision spatial distribution measurement of the thermal field.

The application discloses a heat meter online fault diagnosis method and system, and relates to the technical field of energy metering.The system runs, real-time data collection and preprocessing are realized through integrated sensor groups, key features are extracted to form a feature vector FVEC, and an online anomaly detection algorithm and a fault type judgment model are used to accurately calculate an anomaly detection index AS and a fault feature probability index TYP.These data can not only reflect the health status of the system in real time, but also further optimize the response strategy and fault judgment by executing an iteration module, so that the system has the ability of self-diagnosis and adaptive adjustment.This optimization process can effectively solve the problem that the traditional heat meter system cannot realize online real-time processing and fault detection, improve the accuracy and response speed of fault identification, avoid equipment damage or energy waste caused by delayed detection, and further ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system.

The present application discloses an improved thermopile laser sensor apparatus and methods of use. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a sensor body having a first sensor body recess and a second sensor body recess formed therein, with a substrate positioned in the first sensor body recess in thermal communication with the sensor body. The substrate includes at least one absorber attached thereto and configured to absorb a portion of a beam of laser energy. A first thermal sensor in thermal communication with the substrate and the sensor body may be formed on or attached to the substrate. A second thermal sensor in thermal communication with the sensor body may be positioned in the second sensor body recess. A thermal barrier configured to reduce the rate of transfer of thermal energy from the substrate to the second thermal sensor may be positioned between the substrate and the second thermal sensor.