7274 results about "Microcontroller" patented technology

A system for AI-supported leak detection and localization in water distribution infrastructures, consisting of: a large number of distributed sensor nodes mounted along a water pipe, each sensor node comprising the following: a pressure sensor configured to measure local hydraulic pressure fluctuations within the pipeline with a resolution of at least 0.01 bar; a flow sensor configured to measure the volume flow within the pipeline with an accuracy of at least ±0.5% of the measured value; an acoustic sensor configured to detect vibration signatures caused by leaks in a frequency range between 50 Hz and 20 kHz; an embedded microcontroller with integrated analog-to-digital conversion circuitry for digitizing sensor outputs; a wireless communication module configured to transmit time-synchronized sensor data to a cloud-based processing platform; and a local energy subsystem with a rechargeable battery and an optional circuit for generating photovoltaic energy; the cloud-based processing platform includes an artificial intelligence engine that comprises the following: a data acquisition module configured to receive and decode the transmitted sensor data and to perform time alignment; a supervised learning module that is trained on historical data of flagged leaks and non-leaks to classify incoming sensor patterns; an unsupervised learning module configured to detect anomalies by modeling normal operating baselines of the pipeline; and a topology-aware localization module configured to determine leak coordinates using the topology of the pipeline network, modeling the propagation of hydraulic waves, and estimating the arrival time difference from multi-node acoustic detections; and wherein the system is configured to provide real-time leak alerts and georeferenced visualization via a remote monitoring interface.

The invention discloses a zero point correction method for an electromagnetic flowmeter based on pressure compensation, which relates to the technical field of industrial flow measurement, and is characterized in that abnormal data is corrected through multi-parameter data acquisition and preprocessing by using Kalman filtering denoising and an isolated forest algorithm, so that the accuracy of the data is ensured; a multi-parameter compensation model is further constructed, an LSTM network is combined with an attention mechanism to dynamically distribute weights, and the weights are lightly deployed to an embedded microcontroller through a TensorFlow Lite framework, so that rapid reasoning and real-time correction are realized; in the operation process, an embedded system reads preprocessed data in real time, a model is input to obtain a zero drift compensation value, compensation is carried out by comprehensively considering factors such as fluid density, pipeline vibration and electromagnetic interference, and a self-adaptive weight adjustment mechanism is introduced to optimize compensation precision; the measuring precision and the long-term operation reliability of the electromagnetic flowmeter are remarkably improved, and the electromagnetic flowmeter is suitable for flow measurement under complex working conditions.

The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-low power consumption microcontrollers, and discloses an ultra-low power consumption microcontroller architecture design method and system, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a heterogeneous dual-core processor comprising a high-performance core and a low-power consumption core, and dividing the heterogeneous dual-core processor into a plurality of independent power domains; constructing a sub-threshold voltage operation system on a plurality of independent power supply domains, and configuring a multi-layer storage structure in the heterogeneous dual-core processor; recording task characteristic data by using a multi-level storage structure, executing task dynamic allocation between dual cores, and creating a dynamic task allocation mechanism; and performing static analysis and function block division on the application code based on a dynamic task allocation mechanism to obtain a plurality of function code blocks, and performing storage hierarchy and processor core allocation on the plurality of function code blocks to obtain a function code allocation result. According to the method, the dynamic migration of the workload and the optimal resource allocation are realized, and the energy consumption of the microcontroller in various working scenes is reduced.

A system and method for providing therapy to a patient can include a monitoring unit and a therapy unit. The monitoring unit can have a user interface and one or more sensors to measure patient data. The therapy unit can have a stimulator for generating electrical stimulation and a microcontroller for controlling the generation of the electrical stimulation based on the measured patient data.

The invention discloses a multi-unit radar collaborative motion state and vital sign monitoring system and a multi-unit radar collaborative motion state and vital sign monitoring method. The system comprises an edge sensing node and an upper computer which are in communication connection, the edge sensing node has complete vital sign wireless sensing, signal resolving and communication capabilities; the upper computer is used for receiving information such as a target ID, a target position, a target vital sign and a target abnormal state sent by the edge sensing node; the edge sensing node is composed of a microcontroller module, a radar sensor module, a DSP module, an FPGA neural network reasoning module, a communication module and a power supply module. The microcontroller module is in communication connection with the radar sensor module, the DSP module, the FPGA neural network reasoning module and the communication module. The radar sensor module is in communication connection with the DSP module; the DSP module is in communication connection with the FPGA neural network reasoning module; the power supply module supplies power to the edge sensing nodes. According to the method, accurate tracking of multi-target vital signs and positions is carried out, and accurate tracking of multi-target health states is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of radio over fiber communication, in particular to a power control method, circuit and system. The control method comprises the following steps that a radio frequency link gain model is established, a truth table of the mapping relation between a target power value and the attenuation amount of the variable attenuator is pre-stored in a microcontroller, and the truth table comprises joint correction parameters of a temperature compensation coefficient alpha (T) and an environment attenuation factor beta (d). According to the power control method, circuit and system provided by the invention, accurate power control of B3 and N78 frequency band radio frequency amplification circuits is realized through cooperative work of a microcontroller unit and a variable attenuator.

The invention discloses a single-chip microcomputer hierarchical dormancy control method based on dynamic power consumption prediction, and relates to the technical field of single-chip microcomputer low power consumption control, and the method specifically comprises the steps: building a mapping relation between a load current and a clock frequency; setting a dynamic dormancy threshold value; constructing a dynamic power consumption prediction model; a dormancy strategy is designed, module-level power consumption management and single-chip microcomputer function-based power consumption management are adopted, the callable frequency or the maximum operation duration of each function is distributed according to task priorities and battery residual energy consumption, and single-chip microcomputer peripherals are triggered through events and are independently awakened; and executing the sleep strategy, automatically awakening the single chip microcomputer according to a preset awakening condition, and realizing abnormity positioning and processing based on threshold comparison and power consumption monitoring in the process of executing the sleep strategy. According to the invention, module-level power consumption management and single-chip microcomputer function-based power consumption management are realized, the limitation of traditional global dormancy is broken, the need of overall reset during wakeup is avoided, and the response speed is improved while the energy consumption is reduced.

The invention relates to a sleep respiration detection method, a sleep respiration detection system and a sleep respiration detection cloud platform for apnea syndrome, and the sleep respiration detection system for apnea syndrome is used for collecting a respiration signal caused by thoracic movement of a wearer, and processing and uploading the respiration signal through a microcontroller. According to the sleep respiration detection method, original signals are denoised based on wavelet transform and a soft threshold function, and an apnea event is judged through the combination of a dynamic amplitude threshold and a time threshold. The sleep respiration detection cloud platform adopts an SVM and LSTM-TCN fusion model to identify respiration abnormity, calculates risk scores in combination with blood oxygen decline, event duration and frequency, and triggers early warning in a grading manner. The system supports federated learning and model issuing, and realizes personalized recognition and cloud edge collaboration. The sleep apnea monitoring system realizes continuous monitoring and intelligent identification of sleep apnea, and is suitable for home health management and remote medical treatment.

A system and method for providing therapy to a patient can include a monitoring unit and a therapy unit. The monitoring unit can have a user interface and one or more sensors to measure patient data. The therapy unit can have a stimulator for generating electrical stimulation and a microcontroller for controlling the generation of the electrical stimulation based on the measured patient data.

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile cup holder temperature control methods, and discloses an automobile cup holder temperature regulation control method based on a microcontroller. According to the method, real-time temperature data and environment parameters of a target container are collected, and an initial temperature parameter set containing a container surface temperature distribution curve and an environment heat exchange coefficient sequence is generated; then, establishing a first adjusting model containing a mapping relation between surface temperature change and refrigeration power according to the container surface temperature distribution curve, and establishing a second adjusting model containing environment heat interference and a heating power compensation rule according to the environment heat exchange coefficient sequence; during cup stand temperature control, based on real-time temperature difference fluctuation and container material heat conduction characteristic data, a target model is activated to generate a dynamic power instruction, finally, the instruction is input into a semiconductor temperature control unit of the cup stand, and the current gradient of a refrigeration sheet or the voltage distribution of a heating film is adjusted. The temperature of the automobile cup holder can be accurately and intelligently adjusted, and the user experience and the comfort level of an automobile cabin are improved.

An integrated system for detecting dam breaches, as an early warning system and for evacuation assistance, consisting of: A geoinformatics analysis module comprising a modeling processor with a graphics processing unit, configured to: analyze spatial, hydrological, and topographic data of a dam and its downstream area; generate hydrological models using probable maximum rainfall (PMP) data to determine probable maximum flood discharge (PMF); generate hydraulic models to simulate flood propagation and determine flood depth, flood extent, flow velocity, and flood arrival time; create flood vulnerability models, vulnerability models, and flood hotspot models using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework; and generate evacuation plans for high-risk zones based on the models. A sensor monitoring subsystem includes: a distributed fiber optic sensor (DFOS) configured to monitor the structural load and deformation of a dam, and a radar level gauge configured to measure the water level in the reservoir; a microcontroller unit configured to receive and process sensor data from the sensor monitoring subsystem, to detect dam breaches based on abnormal structural movements detected by the DFOS or sudden drops in water level below predefined thresholds detected by the radar level gauge; a communication module configured to transmit warning messages when dam breaches are detected; a warning system configured to: send SMS notifications to residents in downstream high-risk zones via a GSM communication module, generate real-time alerts via an IoT platform on user devices, and activate siren systems in villages to issue loud alarms and voice announcements; and an evacuation assistance platform configured to provide real-time evacuation assistance in emergencies due to dam breaks, displaying site maps with nearby emergency shelters, evacuation routes, hospitals, government buildings and aid centers, showing hydrological layers including flood extent, water depth, flow velocity and arrival time of the water, and enabling real-time location tracking in relation to safety zones and flood-prone areas.

The invention relates to the technical field of microcontrollers, and provides an MCU information protection method and device, electronic equipment and a readable storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: checking a storage access request according to an access control list; wherein the access control list comprises an authorized storage area and an authorized operation type corresponding to the authorized storage area; the storage access request is used for accessing a target storage area of the MCU; according to the debugging secret key, an interface debugging request is checked, and the interface debugging request is used for debugging a target debugging interface of the MCU; identifying a target code instruction of the MCU, and performing pre-execution verification and dynamic monitoring on the target code instruction; adjusting the clock frequency and the clock phase of the MCU according to the load change information and the power consumption change information of the MCU; and implementing encryption measures on the target data transmission channel of the MCU by using the encryption algorithm. According to the technical scheme provided by one or more embodiments of the invention, the data security and the anti-attack capability of the MCU can be improved.

A system of USB communicating camera comprising an integrated USB camera further comprising a USB communicating camera with a sensor, an image signal processor and integrated with a microcontroller having an image processing module, an inference unit, a first USB interface, a flash memory; a host system with a processor, a user interface application and a second USB interface to communicate to and from the USB communicable camera, the system is user configurable for different application specific pre-trained machine learning models. The user interface application is adapted to receive an application specific configuration data. The inference unit is an artificial intelligence inference unit that draws inference on image frames based on an input and the corresponding pre-trained machine learning model. The system deploys edge computing. A firmware residing in the flash memory remains unchanged when different application specific pre-trained machine learning models are loaded in the flash memory.

The invention discloses a fast training type unmanned aerial vehicle reinforcement learning strategy method suitable for a microcontroller, and belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle control, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a standard four-rotor dynamic model containing the first-order delay characteristic of a motor, and simulating a real physical system; an asymmetric actor-commentator architecture is adopted to ensure the robustness and mobility of the strategy; a reward function coefficient is dynamically adjusted based on a course learning mechanism, and network parameters are optimized by adopting an offline strategy algorithm; performing network training and process optimization; and carrying out lightweight processing and deployment on the trained strategy network, landing the strategy in simulation to a real hardware platform with limited resources, jointly realizing rapid training, reliable migration and lightweight deployment, and realizing high-frequency autonomous flight control of the unmanned aerial vehicle on an embedded platform. According to the method, the high-performance reinforcement learning control strategy can be stably and efficiently operated on the microcontroller with limited resources, and the hardware cost and the power consumption of the intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle are greatly reduced.

This invention relates to a pair of intelligent, multimodal smart eyeglasses designed for adaptive vision, biometric ocular monitoring, and predictive emergency response. The system integrates multilayer lenses filled with electrochromic gel and surrounded by elastic structures to enable dynamic focal length modulation in response to user visual behavior. An array of sensors—including visible light, ultraviolet, micro-cameras, infrared emitters, gyroscopes, and ultrasonic transceivers—collects multispectral data to evaluate environmental and physiological parameters. Real-time data processing is performed by an embedded quantum microcontroller, which manages light transmittance, detects eye fatigue, maps ocular surfaces, and identifies hemodynamic abnormalities such as fainting, seizure, or ocular stroke. Advanced imaging techniques, such as ultrasonic ptychography and wave diffraction analysis, enable non-invasive 3D mapping of ocular layers and internal eye motion. The system also supports wireless communication with external platforms including smartphones, vehicles, and brain-machine interfaces, enabling proactive safety interventions. These features work in tandem to support early diagnosis of critical conditions, protect vision, and personalize user experiences through machine learning and adaptive feedback mechanisms.

Embodiments are directed to a virtual microcontroller for device authentication in a confidential computing environment. An embodiment includes a processor to implement a service trust domain (TD) as a virtual microcontroller (VMC) trust domain (VMC-TD) for a device, where the VMC-TD is to support protocols for device authentication, device measurement, and device management; and receive a VMC certificate chain that is endorsed by a startup service component comprising at least one of a trusted module of the confidential computing environment, the VMC certificate chain comprising a root certificate of the startup service component, a startup services module signing certificate, and a full VMC certificate comprising the initial VMC certificate and a TD report comprising a measurement of the device.

An adaptive dependency replay control system for use in a latency-sensitive ad serving backend, comprising: a microcontroller-based replay control engine configured to receive ad serving requests and interface with a variety of downstream microservices; a latency monitoring unit operatively coupled to the microcontroller, the latency monitoring unit continuously sampling and maintaining real-time latency histograms for each downstream microservice over sliding time windows; a health status aggregator communicatively coupled to the retry control engine, the aggregator configured to receive service-level health indicators, including, but not limited to, HTTP status codes, circuit breaker states, request timeout counters, and error rate thresholds; a retry decision processing unit stored in a memory accessible to the microcontroller, wherein the matrix can generate a retry action vector based on one or more of the following factors: dependency health, request priority, estimated ad impression value, and system resource metrics; a policy execution engine configured to evaluate retry policies expressed in a domain-specific retry policy language, wherein the execution engine resolves the policies into bytecode rules that are executed by the retry control engine in real time on a per-request basis; and at least one fallback path generator capable of returning an approximate or synthetic response instead of retrying a degraded dependency, where the fallback path is selected based on runtime evaluation of the policy conditions and a calculated retry confidence value.

The invention discloses a system and method for measuring the opening and closing state of an electromagnetic valve, and relates to the technical field of electromagnetic valves.The method comprises the steps that after an electromagnetic valve control signal is triggered, dynamic inductance L at each moment t is obtained through real-time backstepping by means of a voltage and current sampling module integrated in a driving loop and an inductance analysis module in a local microcontroller MCU; gaussian filtering processing and derivative calculation are carried out on the dynamic inductance L in the edge calculation module, first-order derivative and second-order derivative characteristics are extracted, and an inductance mutation factor index Cimp is obtained through calculation. According to the method, clamping stagnation, rebound and discontinuous abnormal states occurring in the opening and closing process of the electromagnetic valve are comprehensively reflected, a sudden change threshold value Cthr is set and compared, and a set of dynamic opening and closing behavior diagnosis mechanism with high resolution and high adaptability is constructed. According to the method, high-frequency dynamic response extraction and abnormal trend quantification can be completed within 100 ms after the control signal is triggered, and the method has higher early warning capability and non-intrusive compatibility.

The invention relates to a light sensation self-adaption and white balance cooperative adjustment method and device for an LED display screen, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the illumination value of current ambient light and the spectral distribution of the ambient light, and calculating the color temperature value of the ambient light; according to the color temperature value, inquiring a pre-stored color temperature-gain parameter corresponding relation library to determine a corresponding white balance gain parameter; according to the illumination value, a backlight brightness adjustment amount is calculated through a pre-constructed logarithm compensation model; associating and binding the white balance gain parameter and the backlight brightness adjustment amount, and outputting the white balance gain parameter and the backlight brightness adjustment amount to a pulse width modulation signal generation unit and a digital-to-analog converter through a microcontroller; and outputting the white balance gain parameter to a digital-to-analog converter, outputting the backlight brightness adjustment amount to a pulse width modulation signal generation unit, generating a synchronous adjustment signal to drive an LED display unit, and carrying out cooperative adjustment of backlight brightness and white balance so as to achieve the purpose of unified regulation and control of visual comfort and color rendition authenticity.

The present disclosure describes an intermittency-based analyte sensor and a method for using the intermittency-based analyte sensor. The intermittency-based analyte sensor includes a microcantilever, a substrate, a plurality of electrodes, a contact pad and a microcontroller. The microcantilever has a micromechanical beam having has a fixed end and a free end. The substrate is connected to the fixed end of the micromechanical beam. The plurality of electrodes are configured to connect to a biased source of alternating voltage. The frequency of the alternating voltage is in a frequency range which generates intermittencies in a motion of the free end. The microcontroller monitors a frequency response of the micromechanical beam; compares the frequency response to a calibration curve, and provides an alert that an analyte has deposited on the surface of the micromechanical beam when the frequency response is less than a calibrated frequency response.

The invention relates to the technical field of power conversion, and discloses an intelligent power converter system based on adaptive load regulation and a control method thereof. Comprising a power converter body, a plurality of sockets of different types are arranged on the power converter body, and a load sensing sensor, a micro-control unit, a step-down circuit and a bridge circuit are arranged in the power converter body; the load sensing sensor is electrically connected with the micro-control unit and is used for monitoring the power requirement of equipment connected with each socket in real time and transmitting a corresponding monitoring signal to the micro-control unit; the micro-control unit is electrically connected with the step-down circuit and the bridge circuit, and is used for controlling the step-down circuit and the bridge circuit to adjust output voltage and current according to a monitoring signal transmitted by the load sensing sensor; the micro-control unit controls the step-down circuit and the bridge circuit to automatically adjust the output voltage and current of the corresponding jacks according to the equipment power requirement monitored by the load sensing sensor, so as to realize the self-adaptive load adjustment of each jack.

The invention relates to the technical field of circuit breakers, in particular to a leakage protection action alarm method based on an intelligent circuit breaker, and the alarm method comprises the following steps: collecting a leakage signal of a main loop through a zero-sequence coil, carrying out the dynamic gain adjustment and noise filtering processing of the leakage signal, and generating a preprocessing signal; performing frequency band screening on the preprocessed signal, extracting an electric leakage characteristic signal in a preset frequency band, and obtaining an electric leakage effective value based on the electric leakage characteristic signal; obtaining load classification through the microcontroller unit based on a power signal of a temporary power utilization scene; based on the load classification result, combined with environmental parameters, a dynamic protection threshold is generated through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and the dynamic protection threshold is used for adjusting leakage protection sensitivity in real time; and when the electric leakage effective value exceeds the dynamic protection threshold value, executing a hierarchical tripping control strategy.

Aspects of the disclosure describe an implantable system for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) in a subject, the system comprising: a conduit for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); a hermetically sealed compartment; a first pressure sensor configured to measure an absolute ICP and output a measurement, wherein the first pressure sensor is hermetically sealed in the compartment, and wherein the first pressure sensor comprises a surface exposed to the CSF in the conduit; a microcontroller disposed in the hermetically sealed compartment that receives multiple inputs including at least the output of the first pressure sensor; and an accelerometer disposed in the hermetically sealed compartment for monitoring a subject's positional status, and wherein the accelerometer communicates an output to the microcontroller.

The invention relates to the technical field of computer hardware and network communication, in particular to a high-speed I / O (input / output) virtualization server based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and a remote forwarding method.The high-speed I / O virtualization server comprises an FPGA chip, a network processing unit, an I / O protocol processing unit, a protocol conversion and scheduling unit, a time sequence and transaction management unit and a data buffering and flow control unit are integrated in the FPGA chip; the optical fiber Ethernet interface module comprises a physical layer interface and an MAC layer processing and network configuration interface; the local I / O interface module comprises a USB interface circuit, a serial port interface circuit, a PCIe interface circuit and an interface expansion connector; the power supply and monitoring module comprises a multi-path power supply management system, a state monitoring and diagnosis system and an LED indication system; according to the self-adaptive Baud rate detection circuit, the Baud rate can be accurately locked under the condition that data with less than two characters is received, the number of data bits, the type of a check bit and the length of a stop bit are automatically identified, and compared with a traditional microcontroller scheme, the self-adaptive Baud rate detection circuit has higher precision and higher detection speed.

A portable therapeutic exercise device is disclosed for strengthening leg muscles in patients with severe muscular weakness after bedrest. The device features a lightweight, compact base with longitudinal rails and a moving carriage equipped with an adjustable footplate, cushion, and straps for secure engagement. Resistance cords provide variable tension, and a lumbar bolster with an adjustable strap stabilizes the base. A distance sensor and Bluetooth-enabled microcontroller relay real-time data to mobile devices for interactive visual biofeedback, including gaming applications. The carriage offers smooth linear motion via bearing wheels with adjustable spacers. Designed for use in hospital beds, chairs, or on the floor, the device provides a safe, adaptable, and engaging solution for rehabilitation exercises.

An I / O circuit block comprising:a register unit;an input / output unit connected to a plurality of terminals;an instruction memory; anda state machine configured to execute a program stored in the instruction memory to transfer data between the register unit and the input / output unit.The state machine is configured to execute instructions of an instruction set, the instruction set consisting of: an IN instruction to transfer a specified number of bits into the register unit; and an OUT instruction to transfer a specified number of bits from the register unit; a JMP instruction; a WAIT instruction; a PUSH instruction; a PULL instruction; a MOV instruction; an IRQ instruction; and a SET instruction.

A portable device for agricultural applications, consisting of: a microcontroller-based processing unit (101); a plurality of integrated environmental sensors (102), including temperature, humidity and barometer sensors; wireless communication modules (103) supporting Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and LoRa protocols; a GPS module (104) for geolocation; a display interface (105) with touch and haptic feedback; wherein the device is configured to communicate with nearby edge computing nodes to receive localized agricultural predictions based on real-time environmental data.

The present invention discloses a pulse generator and a pulse rod, which relate to the field of pulse circuit technology. The pulse generator includes a frequency control unit, a dual closed-loop pulse amplification unit, a digital signal processing unit and an adaptive power management unit. The frequency control unit includes an environmental sensor and a microcontroller. The microcontroller can calculate a preset pulse frequency based on information transmitted by the environmental sensor. The input end of the dual closed-loop pulse amplification unit can receive a pulse signal transmitted by the microcontroller, amplify it to a preset pulse frequency, and provide a pulse current to an electrostatic elimination needle. The digital signal processing unit can digitize the pulse signal to enhance the anti-interference ability of the pulse signal. The adaptive power management unit includes a dynamic voltage regulation module electrically connected to an external power supply, and the dynamic voltage regulation module can dynamically adjust the output voltage. The technical solution provided by the present invention can provide a pulse generator with high stability, a wide adjustment range and strong anti-interference ability.

The invention relates to an audio control system and method based on a multi-area framework and a vehicle, the system comprises a central controller and a plurality of area controllers connected with the central controller, the central controller comprises a first Ethernet module, and each area controller comprises a second Ethernet module, a first microcontroller and a power amplifier driving module. The central controller is configured to carry out data protocol packaging on the first audio data and then transmit a first Ethernet protocol data packet to each area controller. The first microcontroller is configured to receive a first Ethernet protocol data packet transmitted by the central controller, analyze the first Ethernet protocol data packet, and transmit first audio data to the power amplifier driving module. The power amplifier driving module is configured to amplify the first audio data and then drive the audio output device to output the amplified first audio data. The problems that an existing audio control system is complex in communication link, too long in wire harness and the like can be effectively solved.

A hardware wallet can enable management of digital assets. The hardware wallet includes a microcontroller and a non-volatile flash memory. The hardware wallet can authorize an electronic device to perform electronic payments with digital assets on a blockchain associated with keys of a digital wallet stored on the non-volatile flash memory. The electronic device is authorized to perform electronic payments in response to user input and while the electronic device hosts the hardware wallet. The hardware wallet can also enable a payment card to perform electronic payments with the digital assets while the hardware wallet is disposed on the payment card. As such, electronic payments are authorized based on a communication exchange between the hardware wallet and a remote server of a payment system via a point-of-sale (POS) system that accepts the payment card.