357 results about "Surface oxygen" patented technology

The invention provides a preparation method of a high-efficiency catalyst for synthesizing vinyl acetate by an acetylene method. The oxidant is used to oxidize the surface of activated carbon used as a catalyst carrier to change the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon and improve its original pore structure, thereby effectively improving the loading capacity of the active component zinc acetate and significantly improving the catalyst efficiency. The invention has the advantages of cheap and easy-to-obtain raw materials, simple operation, high loading capacity of catalyst active components, good activity and long service life.

The invention relates to graphene-oxide-modified phenolic-resin-based ultrafine porous carbon fiber and a preparation method thereof. The diameter of the fiber is in a range of 0.3-1.7mum, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 500-900m<2>/g. The fiber has a porous structure which is formed by microporous mainly. Micro-pore volume is 0.20-0.50cm<3>/g, and surface oxygen atomic ratio is lower than 10%. The preparation method comprises the steps that: graphene oxide is added into an organic solvent and is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, such that a graphene oxide solution is formed; termosetting phenolic resin and a high-molecular-weight linear polymer are added into the graphene oxide organic solution, and are completely dissolved by stirring; the mixed solution is spun into composite fiber, and solidification and carbonization are carried out, such that porous phenolic-resin-based carbon/graphite oxide composite ultrafine fiber is obtained. The sources of adopted raw materials are rich. The prepared composite fiber has the advantages of high structural stability, good flexibility, developed pore structure, controllable surface oxygen content, and suitability for practical application.

The invention provides a ball milling preparation method of graphene. The ball milling preparation method comprises the following steps of: putting a mixture of graphite carbon and an alkyl six-membered aromatic ring or condensed ring polyether nonionic surfactant in the mass-volume ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 15, and deionized water in a ball milling jar, and fixing the ball milling jar on a ball mill for ball milling at a rotating speed ranging from 200 to 500 rpm for 5-30 hours; next, transferring the ball milled mixture to deionized water for centrifuging at a rotating speed ranging from 3000 to 8000 rpm for 10-30 minutes, and then obtaining a black upper-layer colloidal suspension for preparing graphene aqueous solutions with different concentrations. The graphene produced by the ball milling preparation method provided by the invention is dispersed in aqueous solutions and is high in concentration; the surfactant can be easily removed by using ethanol, which is friendly to environment and advantageous for wide application of graphene. The adopted ball milling equipment is simple, convenient to operate and safe to run; no new surface oxygen-containing functional group defect is introduced by ball milling; furthermore, the ball milling preparation method is mild and simple in preparation process, and high in yield.

The invention discloses a ferro-nickel oxyhydroxide-modified bismuth vanadate photoelectrode and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, depositing bismuth oxyiodide on the surface of conductive glass, then coating the surface with the deposited bismuth oxyiodide with a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of vanadyl acetylacetonate, annealing, performing alkali soaking and rinsing with water to remove excessive vanadium pentoxide, and then drying to obtain a bismuth vanadate photoelectrode, and modifying ferro-nickel oxyhydroxide on the surface of the bismuth vanadate photoelectrode by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method in a three-electrode system, thus obtaining the ferro-nickel oxyhydroxide-modified bismuth vanadate photoelectrode. The invention further discloses applications of the ferro-nickel oxyhydroxide-modified bismuth vanadate photoelectrode in photoelectrocatalytic decomposition water. The prepared photoelectrode is used for producing hydrogen from photoelectrocatalytic decomposition water, can inhibit the compounding of photon-generated carriers, the service life of carriers generated by a BiVO4 photoelectrode can be effectively prolonged, and the oxygen evolution reaction on the surface of the photoelectrode can be promoted, so that the solar optic hydrogen conversion efficiency of a semiconductor photoelectrode can be improved.

The invention discloses a welding method of a stainless steel clad plate, and relates to the technical field of welding. The welding method comprises the following steps that surface oxygen complexes of the stainless steel clad plate are removed; a groove is machined, the groove is an X-shaped groove, the angle of the groove is 55-65 degrees, the root gap of the groove is 1-3 millimeters, and the root portion of a joint is placed in a base layer; a base layer is welded, a first welding layer and a third welding layer of a welding seam of the base layer are welded in a submerged automatic arc welding mode, the third welding layer is provided with a plurality of welding beads, and a second welding layer is welded in a gas metal arc welding mode; a transitional layer on the connecting portion of the base layer and a multiple layer is welded, a fourth welding layer and a fifth welding layer of the transitional layer are both welded in the gas metal arc welding layer; the multiple layer is welded, a welding seam of the multiple layer is a sixth welding layer, and the sixth welding layer is welded in a large-current submerged-arc welding mode. Compared with the prior art, the welding method of the stainless steel clad plate improves the quality of a welding joint of the stainless steel clad plate and is high in welding efficiency.

The invention provides a method for performing surface coating and gradient doping integrated double-modification on a LNMO anode material by using a one-step method. A coating material metal precursor solution is mixed with a lithium ion battery anode material solution, full drying is performed to form gel, the gel is calcined in an inert atmosphere to increase the surface oxygen deficiency sitesof the anode material, metal cations in a coating layer are promoted to diffuse into the surface oxygen deficiency sites of the anode material to form a pinning effect on surface lattices of the anode material while forming a surface coating layer, and then the surface coating and gradient doping integrated double-modification are performed on a lithium ion battery. According to the method provided by the invention, the surface oxygen deficiency sites of the high-voltage anode material LNMO are improved by the calcination in the inert atmosphere, the metal cations in the coating layer are promoted to diffuse into the surface oxygen deficiency sites of the anode material to form the pinning effect in a coating process, thereby realizing the surface coating and gradient doping integrated double-modification of the high-voltage anode material of the lithium ion battery.

The present invention is directed to porous metal products including ceramic particles, where the initial surface layer (12) of the particles (10) is modified with agents that interact with surface oxygen, oxides and/or hydroxides to improve the wettability of particles within a molten metal alloy, and where the ceramic particles (10) are modified (14) by contacting the particles with a surface-modifying agent and heating the ceramic particles and surface-modifying agent to an elevated temperature at which the ceramic particle remains substantially stable and the surface-modifying agent becomes at least partially thermally unstable, to cause a reacted layer (16).

The invention provides a preparation method of a ceria-loaded highly dispersed nano-catalyst. The preparation method comprises S1) heating cerium oxide and reducing gas for a reaction, and then cooling the reaction product to the room temperature in inert gas to obtain reduced ceria, and S2) mixing a metal salt precursor solution and the reduced ceria under anaerobic conditions, standing the mixture, drying the mixture and carrying out calcining to obtain the ceria-loaded highly dispersed nano-catalyst. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method uses the reducing gas to reduce the ceria so that the surface oxygen vacancy is produced and is protected in an oxygen-free environment, and then prepare the ceria-loaded highly dispersed nano-catalyst under strong interaction of metal ions and oxygen vacancy. Through controlling the degree of reduction of the carrier ceria, the ceria-loaded highly dispersed nano-catalyst is obtained and catalytic performances are improved. The preparation method has the advantages of simple processes, good repeatability, low cost and good application prospect.

The invention discloses an activated carbon fiber modification method, a water treatment filter device and an application of the water treatment filter device, and belongs to the field of water treatment and filler. Firstly, carbon fiber precursors are pretreated by deionized water, immersed by a salpeter solution with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and then dried and sintered, and modified active carbon fiber is obtained. The specific surface area and surface oxygen-containing groups of the activated carbon fiber are increased, the microorganism affinity is enhanced, the film formation speed and the film formation amount of water treatment filler obtained on basis of the activated carbon fiber are remarkably increased, dissolved and suspended pollutants in water can be better absorbed, the water treatment filler device can be used for sewage treatment engineering such as treatment of organic dye wastewater, wastewater of a pharmaceutical factory, papermaking wastewater and the like as well as purification of domestic wastewater, raw water of a water factory and the like, and the advantages that the method is simple and easy to implement, the water treatment filler has a simple structure, the design is reasonable, and manufacture is easy are achieved.

The invention discloses an ultraviolet photo-detector structure based on a TiO2/ZnO nano heterogeneous composite structure. The bottommost layer of the ultraviolet photo-detector structure is made of a substrate material, inter-digital electrodes are arranged on the bottommost layer; the bottommost layer is covered by a ZnO thin film; ZnO nanorods are arranged on the thin film; and the surfaces of the nanoroads are of TiO2 nanostructures. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the ultraviolet photo-detector. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) plating metal electrodes on the substrate thin sheet to form the inter-digital electrodes; (2) plating the ZnO thin film; (3) synthesizing a ZnO nanorod array; and (5) forming the TiO2 nanostructures on the surfaces of the ZnO nanorods. According to the ultraviolet photo-detector, the TiO2 nanostructures are introduced while ultrahigh current gain of the ZnO ultraviolet detector is kept, the influence of a ZnO surface oxygen cavity trap state can be eliminated by forming a heterogeneous junction, meanwhile, carrier separation is quickened and composition is reduced, the sensitivity and the photocurrent gain of the detector are certainly and obviously improved, and in addition, the chemical stability of the detector is obviously improved because of wrapping of TiO2.

The invention provides a preparation method of an oxygen-containing titanium-based alloy through powder metallurgy, which belongs to the technical field of the preparation of powder metallurgy structured materials. Through the adoption of pure titanium powder or titanium alloy powder, an oxygen-containing titanium alloy with a high temperature is prepared by using a high-performance solid-state surface oxygen impregnating-activated sintering method. The preparation process is implemented as follows: 1) carrying out solid-state surface oxygen impregnating on pure titanium powder or titanium alloy powder at high temperature in an oxygen environment, and then cooling the obtained powder; and 2) sintering the powder subjected to high-temperature oxygen impregnating into blocks by way of activated sintering in a hot-pressing sintering furnace or a plasma sintering furnace. According to the invention, through a reasonable microstructure design, and by fully using the reinforcement action of cheap oxygen and reducing the damage thereof on plasticity, an oxygen-containing titanium-based alloy with simple compositions and a low price is prepared, so that resources can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, and can be suitable for industrial production.

A porous carbonaceous composite material, a positive electrode and lithium air battery including the porous carbonaceous composite material, and a method of preparing the porous carbonaceous composite material. The porous carbonaceous composite material includes a carbon nanotube (CNT); and a modified carbonaceous material doped with a heterogeneous element, wherein the ratio of the number of surface oxygen atoms to the number of surface carbon atoms ranges upward from about 2 atom %.

The invention relates to a preparation method of carbon cloth with the nanoparticle modified surface. The method comprises the steps of putting carbon cloth into an acetone solution, saturating, and drying the carbon cloth after the saturating in the air to obtain a sample A; putting the sample A and concentrated nitric acid into a hydrothermal reaction kettle; putting the hydrothermal reaction kettle into a homogeneous reactor for oxidization, cleaning the taken carbon cloth, and finally carrying out vacuum drying to obtain a sample B; putting the sample B and a silica sol solution into a reaction kettle, and carrying out reaction in a microwave hydrothermal reaction instrument; cooling a reaction system to the room temperature, and washing the sample B taken from the reaction system; finally, carrying out the vacuum drying to obtain the carbon cloth with the nanoparticle modified surface. According to the method, SiO2 nanoparticles can be evenly deposited on the surface of the carbon cloth efficiently; the prepared carbon cloth with the nanoparticle modified surface is high in surface oxygen content; the uniformity of a reticular polymer formed by a linear polymer through cross-linking action in the sulfidation process can be improved; and therefore, the carbon cloth has the superior self-lubricating property, mechanical strength and tribological property.

The invention relates to a preparation method of carboxylation hydrothermal biomass charcoal for remedying uranium-containing wastewater. The preparation method comprises the following steps: feeding dried and crushed natural biomass A, a carbonization accelerant B and distilled water into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction under constant temperature; filtering after a while of hydrothermal reaction to obtain hydrothermal biomass charcoal C; feeding the hydrothermal biomass charcoal C, an oxidant D and distilled water into a reaction vessel; heating to react for a while; then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the carboxylation hydrothermal biomass charcoal. The carboxylation hydrothermal biomass charcoal prepared by the method has the advantages that the raw materials are rich in source, the cost is low, the preparation process is simple, the production cycle is short, few chemical agents are used, the product yield is high, the surface oxygen-containing groups are rich, the carboxyl group content is high, the uranium adsorption capacity is large, and the selectivity is high.

The invention provides modified biochar, a preparation method and application thereof. According to the modified biochar, biomass is used as a raw material, and is subjected to carbonization pyrolysisthrough mixing modification with potassium permanganate and ferric chloride to prepare iron-manganese oxide loaded biochar, and the biochar is modified with chitosan to obtain the modified biochar, wherein the raw material is one of straw, rice straw, rice husk, peanut shell, corncob, camellia oleifera shell and cottonseed hull. According to the invention, the prepared modified biochar is large in specific surface area, developed in pore and multiple in surface oxygen-containing functional groups; the modified biochar is applied to treatment of heavy metal organic matter contaminated soil, onthe basis of promoting adsorption of heavy metal and organic matter in the contaminated soil, a good solidification and stabilization effect can be achieved on the heavy metal organic matter; and themodified biochar material can stably exist in the soil for a long time, and has long-term restoration.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a monatomic catalyst capable of degrading formaldehyde under an oxygen condition and at normal temperature. The method comprises the following steps of 1, conducting hydrogen gas reduction to obtain a defective TiO2 carrier with surface oxygen vacancy; 2, utilizing a deposition-precipitation method for preparing a precipitate Au/defective TiO2; 3, conducting drying and calcining to obtain the final product monatomic Au/defective TiO2 catalyst. Compared with an existing catalyst, the method has the advantages that the catalyst Au/defective TiO2 ishigh in efficiency and long in service life, and the monatomic catalyst has strong poison tolerance, and has great advantages in a formaldehyde degrading reaction; the Au/defective TiO2 monatomic catalyst is adopted, dispersion of metal atoms is facilitated through the construction of defects, and normal-temperature catalytic oxidation under the O2 condition and without the assistance of ozone canbe achieved.

Provided is a nanocomposite for the catalyst layer of a fuel cell electrode including: a carbon nanofiber; and metal catalyst particles uniformly applied to the surface of the carbon nanofiber, wherein the carbon nanofiber has a surface oxygen content of at least 0.03 calculated by the formula: Oxygen content=[atomic percentage of oxygen/atomic percentage of carbon] using atomic percentages of oxygen and carbon, respectively calculated from an area of an oxygen peak having a binding energy of 524 to 540 eV, an area of a nitrogen peak having a binding energy of 392 to 404 eV, and an area of a carbon peak having a binding energy of 282 to 290 eV in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanocomposite according to the present invention has high surface oxygen content and has metal catalyst nano particles densely and uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the carbon fibers, thereby having high electrochemical efficiency. Thus, efficiency of fuel cells can be improved using the nanocomposite.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and discloses a surface oxygen vacancy defect modified bismuth tungstate photocatalyst, and a preparation method and applications thereof. The preparation method comprises following steps: a sodium tungstate precursor solution and a bismuth nitrate precursor solution are mixed to obtain a bismuth tungstate precursor solution, ultrasonic treatment is carried out, the bismuth tungstate precursor solution is introduced into a high temperature reaction vessel with a conductive substrate, hydro-thermal reaction is carried out at 100 to180 DEG C, deionized water is adopted for washing, under nitrogen gas flow, drying is carried out, sintering is carried out at 450 to 600 DEG C, and an obtained bismuth tungstate film grows on the flat conductive substrate is subjected to heat processing at 150 to 400 DEG C at reductive atmosphere to obtain a finished product. The surface of the obtained surface oxygen vacancy defect bismuth tungstate film possesses more active sites, so that higher photoelectric conversion efficiency is achieved; and at the same time, existing of oxygen vacancy defects is capable of realizing micro adjustingof forbidden bandwidth Eg of the bismuth tungstate photocatalyst, narrowing Eg, and obtaining wider visible light response range.

The invention discloses a titanium and titanium alloy surface carbonitriding device and a method thereof. In a vacuum state, the temperature of titanium and titanium alloy reaches to 700 DEG C to 1100 DEG C, a high purity CO 2 gas with 0.1 Pa to 1000 Pa of pressure is inlet, and after 0.5 hour to 200 hours of processing, a 30Mum to 1000Mum thick of hard coat is formed at the surface of the titanium alloy; the compositions of the hard coat are the oxide and carbide of titanium, with a hardness reaching to 700 to HV 1100. The inexistence of H element which results in the hydrogen embrittlement of titanium in preparation process realizes the non-hydrogen hardening of the titanium surface.

The invention discloses a novel ternary composite cathode material for a medium and low temperature solid oxide fuel cell, which comprises an oxygen ion conductor oxide, an electronic-oxygen ion mixed conductor oxide and an oxygen catalytic reduction active matter. The material is characterized in that: the cathode material taking perovskite structured oxygen ion and electronic mixed conductor as the main body has the main function of catalytically reducing the gaseous oxygen at the surface as oxygen ions and transmitting the oxygen ions in an manner of bulk phase to the interface between an electrolyte and the cathode; the conductivity of the oxygen ions is improved by adding the oxygen ion conductor, thereby improving the bulk phase transmission speed of the oxygen ions; the speed of the surface oxygen exchange of the cathode material is obviously increased by adding the oxygen catalytic reduction active matter, thereby greatly enhancing the catalytic activity of the surface oxygen of the cathode material. All effective components of the ternary composite cathode material are synthesized by adopting nitrate by an EDTA-citric acid complex method. Shown in single cell tests, the ternary composite cathode material shows not only excellent comprehensive performance but also excellent compatibility among all the effective components.

The invention discloses a ruthenium-palladium/carbon catalyst and a preparation method thereof. A catalyst carrier is a carbon material, and active ingredients are Ru and Pd nanoparticles, wherein the load capacity of Ru is 0.5%-8.0%, the load capacity of Pd is 0.1%-2.0%, and the dispersity of ruthenium-palladium can achieve 30%-80%. The carrier is subjected to acid-base oxidization pretreatment, so that surface oxygen-containing functional groups can be increased, the property of ruthenium-palladium on the surface of the carbon material can be improved, the dispersity of ruthenium-palladium can be improved, the active ingredients can be firmly adsorbed on the functional groups, and the catalyst can show high activity in the reaction process. The prepared catalyst is applied to DMT (dimethyltryptamine) hydrogenation to prepare DMCD (dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate). The activity of the catalyst is not reduced after the catalyst is used for 20 times in an autoclave of 5000ml, the conversion rate of DMT can achieve 99.3%-100%, and the selectivity of DMCD can achieve 95.5%-96.4%. The purity of DMCD, which is simply distilled and purified, is greater than 99.5%. The preparation method has the advantages of being mild in technological conditions, simple in equipment, free from emission of three wastes, economic in investment, low in energy consumption, and feasible for industrialization.

The invention discloses preparation of multi-stage structured hydrotalcite and application of the multi-stage structured hydrotalcite in a gasbarrier packaging material. According to the invention, the multi-stage structured hydrotalcite is prepared through a roasting recovery method by virtue of the memory effect of hydrotalcite; then, the multi-stage structured hydrotalcite and a polymer are compounded to obtain a film by adopting an alternatively rotary coating technology, wherein the multi-stage structured hydrotalcite is capable of inhibiting the diffusion of oxygen molecules longitudinally and transversely and effectively prolonging a diffusion path of the oxygen molecules; furthermore, the surface oxygen vacancy of the multi-stage structured hydrotalcite has strong chemical adsorption effect on oxygen; therefore, the multi-stage structured hydrotalcite is the gasbarrier packaging material having excellent oxygen barrier property, thermal stability, mechanical stability and storage stability. The multi-stage structured hydrotalcite disclosed by the invention is wide in raw material source and low in cost and can satisfy environmental protection and sustainable development requirements; and therefore, the gasbarrier packaging material prepared based on the special structured hydrotalcite material has potential application value in the fields, such as packaging of foods, medicines and electronic devices.

The invention relates to slurry for preparing a polycrystalline silicon crucible coat in the field of semiconductors or photovoltaics, and also to a preparation method thereof. The slurry for preparing the polycrystalline silicon crucible coat comprises silicon nitride powder and a solvent, and is characterized in that: the silicon nitride powder is treated by an oxidant to form the silicon nitride powder of which the surface is coated with encapsulated silicon oxide. After the slurry for preparing the polycrystalline silicon crucible coat is coated on a crucible and baked, the silicon oxide and the silicon nitride form a combined layer with a higher strength, so that the crucible coat with a high antistrip performance is obtained; and meanwhile, the oxide in the slurry for preparing the polycrystalline silicon crucible coat avoids aggregation, can be uniformly coated on the surface of silicon nitride particles, has low oxygen content, and avoids the influences on the quality of a silicon ingot.

The invention discloses a battery cathode coating structure material with a pinning effect and a preparation method thereof. A coating layer is formed on a surface of a lithium ion battery cathode material. The coating layer is metal compound of lithium. Metal cations in the coating layer form a metal cation gradient doped solid solution buffer structure on an interface of the coating layer and the cathode material. The solid solution buffer structure has a nail similar shape. A nail cap is formed in the coating layer. A nail point extends into the cathode material. The solid solution buffer structure and the coating layer are calcined in an inert atmosphere, and one-step generation is realized. According to the cathode coating structure with the pinning effect provided by the invention, through calcining in the inert atmosphere, surface oxygen defects of a high voltage cathode material LNMO are increased, the metal cations in the coating layer are enabled to diffuse and enter into thesurface detects of the cathode material in a coating process, so the pinning effect is achieved, and surface coating and surface doping integrated double modification of the high voltage cathode material of the lithium ion battery is realized.

The invention discloses a composition for a high-strength and high-toughness rock plate blank and application of the composition. The composition comprises feldspar powder, high-alumina clay, calcined talc, pyrophyllite, potassium-sodium feldspar, high-sodium feldspar, ball clay, kaolin, diopside, high-alumina clay, ceramic waste and white carbon black. The white carbon black with the characteristics of serious surface coordination insufficiency, large specific surface area, surface oxygen deficiency and the like is used in the composition for the high-strength and high-toughness rock plate blank, so that the binding force between materials is improved, and the strength, toughness, ductility and tear resistance of the blank material are greatly improved. The rock plate blank body prepared by the method has relatively high breaking strength, relatively high toughness and relatively high stress resistance, and the situation of cutting cracks of the prepared rock plate is greatly reduced.