972results about "Chemical analysis using catalysis" patented technology

Parallel flow reaction systems comprising four or more reaction channels are disclosed. Distribution systems, and parallel flow reaction systems comprising such distribution systems are also disclosed. Specifically, the distribution systems comprise a feed-composition subsystem for providing a different feed composition to each of the four or more reactors. In preferred embodiments, the feed composition subsystem comprises at least one set of four or more feed-component flow restrictors, each of the four or more feed-component flow restrictors having a flow resistance that varies relative to other flow restrictors in the set.

Modular device and method for carrying out experiments in parallel on process substances to develop technical methods, comprising at least a multiplicity of individual reactors which are controllable independently of one another said reactors being comprised of pressure-tight chambers having separable sample vessels, and optionally, stirring devices, heating instruments, cooling instruments, or both, a monitoring unit for monitoring or controlling at least the pressure and the temperature in the individual reactors, pressure-tight lids having independent feed lines and optionally independent discharge lines for individual process substances; a plurality of the lids being simultaneously sealable upon the rectors by a common sealing means (11).

Parallel flow chemical processing systems, such as parallel flow chemical reaction systems are disclosed. These systems are adapted to simultaneously and independently vary temperature between separate flow channels, preferably by employing separate, individual heating elements in thermal communication with each of four or more parallel flow reactors. The flow reactors are preferably isolated from each other using a thermal isolation system comprising fluid-based heat exchange. In preferred embodiments, the axial heat flux can be fixedly or controllably varied.

A composition and method for preparation of a catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes with high selectivity to alkenes relative to alkanes, high alkyne conversion, and sustained catalytic activity comprising a Group VIII metal and a Group IB, Group IIB, Group IIIA, and/or Group VIIB promoter on a particulate support.

Workstation, apparatuses and methods for the high-throughput synthesis, screening and/or characterization of combinatorial libraries. The invention relates to an array, which permits various high-throughput methods for synthesis, screening and/or characterization in the same array, without requiring sample transfer from the array. In a preferred embodiment, the synthesis, screening, and/or characterization steps are carried out in a highly parallel fashion, where more than one compound is synthesized, screened, and/or characterized at the same time. The invention may be practiced at the microscale. The array may comprise thermal channels, for regulating the temperature of the wells in the array. The wells of the array may comprise a membrane, which is used in various screening and characterization methods. The invention also relates to a covered array, comprising the array and an array cover, as well as an apparatus comprising the array, which comprises the array, an array cover and a stage. The array, array cover, and the stage may be modified as required for a variety of synthesis and/or analysis techniques. The array is easily interchangeable between different analytical instruments, and in an embodiment, the invention relates to an automated workstation, where the array is transferred between different synthesis, screening, and characterization stations. The invention also relates to a variety of methods for synthesis, screening, and characterization, which are adapted for combinatorial chemistry. Any of the embodiments of the invention may be used either alone or taken in various combinations.

A system is provided wherein a plug flow reactor is used to make combinatorial libraries of materials. Examples of plug flow reactors include stirred tube reactors, extruders, and static mixers.

The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for rapid analysis of members of a combinatorial library. The apparatus includes a plurality of vessels for containing individual library members and a fluid handling system that apportions a test fluid about equally between each of the vessels. This allows for simultaneous screening of library members by detecting changes in test fluid following contact with individual library members. Fluid flow through each of the vessels is controlled using passive flow restrictors or active flow controllers to ensure that each library member contacts approximately the same amount of test fluid per unit time. The disclosed apparatus is especially useful for screening library members based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of fluid reactants.

A method for measuring a growth rate of a carbon nanotube includes the following steps: (a) providing a substrate (12); (b) forming a catalyst layer on the substrate; (c) heating the substrate to a predetermined temperature; (d) intermittently introducing/providing and then interrupting a reaction gas proximate the substrate to grow a patterned carbon nanotube array, each carbon nanotube having at least one line mark formed thereon as a result of the patterned growth; and (e) calculating the growth rate which is equal to a length between a pair of line marks divided by a time interval between said two line marks.

This is a method and apparatus for accurately determining a NOx concentration of a measurement gas that contains H2O and/or CO2, without being affected by a dissociation of H2O and/or CO2.In this method and apparatus,(1) the NOx-measurement gas containing H2O and/or CO2 is introduced to travel through a heated flow channel formed by an oxygen ion conductive solid ceramic electrolyte body that electrically control amount of O2 from the flow channel,(2) while said measurement gas travels, a residual gas including NO and H2O and/or CO2 is formed from the measurement gas,(3) said residual gas is flowed to contact a catalytic electrode to which a negative polarity of a low voltage that does not dissociate H2O and/or CO2 but dissociates NO is applied, so that said electrode dissociates a NO gas of the residual gas into N ions and O ions and flows an electric current through the electrolyte body in proportion to an amount of the O ions dissociated from said residual gas at the electrode, and(4) the NOx concentration in the measurement gas is determined based on the current.The low voltage preferably applied in the above (3) is about 350-450 mV.

A method for characterizing n components An of n catalytic systems. The method is characterized in comprising the steps of: I) providing a microfluidic device which comprises a plurality of identical microchannel structures, each microchannel structures comprising in the downstream direction (a) an inlet arrangement IA with at least one inlet port; (b) a catalytic microcavity MC1, which comprises an immobilized component C^im of the catalytic system CS used in the microchannel structure, and (c) a detection zone (DZ); ii) distributing to MC1 of each microchannel structure the remaining components of the CS used in the structure by a) dispensing to the inlet arrangement IA of each microchannel structure said remaining components; and b) transporting corresponding components for the microchannel structures in parallel to load MC1 in each microchannel structure; iii) performing the catalytic reaction in MC1 of each microchannel structure; iv) transporting in parallel the product formed in step (iii) from MC1 to DZ of each microchannel structure, if DZ and MC1 do not coincide; v) characterizing for each microchannel structure the result of the catalytic reaction performed in MC1 in DZ; and vi) characterizing An for each microchannel structure.

The present disclosure provides an identification process which may employ various identification techniques on Zero platinum group metal (ZPGM) catalyst systems, in order to identify responsible materials for the formation of corrosion material, such as hexavalent chromium compounds. Identification analysis, such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) may be performed on various thermally treated ZPGM catalyst systems, such as in bare substrate, substrate with one type of ZPGM in washcoat, a substrate with one type of ZPGM in overcoat and substrate combination of ZPGM metals in both washcoat and overcoat. Results of identification analysis may show that regardless of metal catalyst (for example Ag, Cu, Ce), hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) may be formed on aged catalysts systems, which may be due to the high concentration of chromium in substrate. Therefore, corrosion and production of hexavalent chromium may initiate from elements found in the substrate and not from elements within the ZPGM metal catalysts.

An apparatus for evaluating a solid catalyst which can enlarge a range of an applied fluid used for an evaluation of a performance of the solid catalyst and can accurately evaluate the performance of the solid catalyst on a laboratory scale and a method of evaluating a solid catalyst using the apparatus are provided. There are disclosed an apparatus of evaluating a solid catalyst, wherein a raw material feeding portion has a function capable of continuously feeding a liquid raw material or a mixed raw material consisting of a gas and a liquid, wherein a reactor in a reacting portion has an inlet for a fluid raw material and reaction product outlets for discharging a reaction product while separating it into a liquid product and a gaseous product, and wherein a recovering portion has reaction product inlets connected to each of the reaction product outlets of the reactor and has a liquid level control portion for keeping a liquid level within the reactor constant, and a method of evaluating a solid catalyst using the apparatus.

A gaming system and method for conducting a wagering game includes a primary display that displays a randomly selected outcome. The gaming system includes a multi-touch input system having a multi-touch sensing device, a memory, and a local controller. The multi-touch sensing device includes an array of input sensors that detect a multi-point gesture. Each sensor detects a touch input made by a player of the wagering game. The memory includes gesture classification codes each representing a distinct combination of characteristics relating to the gesture. The local controller receives data indicative of at least two of the characteristics related to the multi-point gesture and determines whether the data corresponds to any of the gesture classification codes. A main controller is coupled to the local controller to receive the gesture classification code responsive to the local controller determining that the data corresponds to a gesture classification code.

The invention relates to a method for simulating peroxidase by manganese dioxide nanosheet for detection of reductive biological molecules. The peroxidase simulated by manganese dioxide nanosheet can perform catalytic oxidation on substrates of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl benzidine TMB, 2,2-azino-di(3-ethyl-benzothiazoles-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt ABTS and o-phenylenediamine OPD, and changes the color from colorless to blue, green and orange respectively, at the same time, the manganese dioxide nanosheet can sensitively and selectively perform an oxidation reduction reaction with reductive biological molecules such as glutathione and ascorbic acid, oxidation product concentration of the substrates such as TMB, ABTS and OPD is changed, and then, the reductive biological molecules such as glutathione and ascorbic acid are subjected to quantitative determination through a colorimetric analysis method. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, high sensitivity, good reappearance and high selectivity; a detection linear scope of glutathione is 1-15 [mu]M, the detection limit is 0.3 [mu]M; the detection linear scope of ascorbic acid is 3-100 [mu]M, the detection limit is 0.8 [mu]M; and the method can be used for detecting various phenolic compounds.

This invention is in the field of gas detection for sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) gas decomposition products, particularly for the detection of thionyl fluoride (SOF₂) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂). The invention relates to a novel portable handheld instrument that can readily detect SOF₂, SF₄ and SO₂ in SF₆ gas filled electrical equipment and in air. An apparatus for detecting SF₆ decomposition products comprising: (a) an inlet for receiving SF₆ gas containing SOF₂ or SF₄; (b) A chamber connected to the inlet and containing a catalyst which converts SOF₂ or SF₄ into SO₂; and (c) an SO₂ detector connected downstream of the chamber.

A heat generation amount qr/r per unit flow amount of combustible substances supplied to a catalyst is estimated based on upstream and downstream temperature information and supplemental engine information. A deteriorated condition of the catalyst is detected based on a judgement whether or not the estimated heat generation amount is smaller than a predetermined judging value D.

An apparatus for parallel processing of reaction mixtures, including a reactor block including reaction chambers for containing reaction mixtures under pressure, the reactor block further including a first sidewall, a second sidewall, and a first plurality of fluid flow paths providing fluid communication with the first sidewall and respective reaction chambers and the second sidewall and respective reaction chambers; a stirring system including a base plate defining a second plurality of flow paths, wherein respective flow paths of said second plurality of flow paths are in fluid communication with respective reaction chambers and respective fluid flow paths of said first plurality of flow paths, and the base plate also supports a plurality of stirring blade assemblies for mixing the reaction mixtures; interchangeable manifolds supported by the first sidewall and the second sidewall, the interchangeable manifolds defining a plurality of manifold inlet/outlet ports, wherein respective inlet/outlet ports of said plurality of inlet/outlet ports are in communication with respective fluid flow paths of said first plurality of fluid flow paths and permit fluid to be introduced into or vented from the respective reaction chambers; and a sampling manifold assembly coupled in fluid communication with the respective reaction chambers, wherein a portion of the reaction mixture retained in the respective reaction chambers can be withdrawn from the respective reaction chamber through respective fluid flow paths of said first plurality of fluid flow paths and respective flow paths of said second plurality of flow paths, or both, without depressurizing or lowering the pressure in the respective reaction chamber.

A hydrogen gas indicator system that provides various substrate materials (4) that support hydrogen gas sensor (1) materials with discrete indicia (7) that provide information separate from any change in the physical properties of the hydrogen gas sensor itself.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalysts, and methods of using the catalysts including techniques to maintain catalyst stability. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C₁-C₄ alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur, and avoid metal carbides both initially and during reactor operation.

The invention relates to a cataluminescence sensitive material for formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia in air. The cataluminescence sensitive material is characterized by consisting of WO3, Bi2O3, ZrO2 and SnO2 loaded by grapheme in composite. The preparation method for the cataluminescence sensitive material comprises the steps as follows: firstly, natural graphite is used for preparing oxidized grapheme; secondly, the oxidized grapheme is added into a hydrochloric acid solution of tungsten salt, bismuth salt, zirconium salt and stannum salt so as to be subjected to ultrasonic vibration until the solution is clarified; fourthly, hydrazine hydrate water solution is put in additionally, and ammonia water is put in by drops until the pH value of the solution reaches 6.5-7.2; fifthly, after the solution is subjected to aging, filtering, drying, grinding and burning, the composite sensitive material consisting of the WO3, Bi2O3, ZrO2 and SnO2 loaded by the grapheme is obtained through natural cooling. Through utilizing a gas sensor made from the composite sensitive material provided by the invention, trace amount of formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia in air is detected quickly and accurately without the interference of other common coexisting materials.

A catalytic testing device comprising a reaction block comprising a set of reaction chambers, each chamber comprising a fluid inlet and outlet connected to an outgoing fluid duct connected to analysis means, fluid feed means capable of performing regulated dosing of flows of the fluid at the required pressure independently in each of the reaction chambers, automatic and dynamic pressure control means, capable of performing pressure regulation in each reaction chamber, which comprise a non-return valve in the outgoing fluid duct between the outlets of the reaction chambers and a common regulating tank that receives the outgoing fluid from the chambers, a pressure sensor provided in a first outlet duct and an automatic needle valve provided in a second outlet duct from the tank.

Localized catalyst activity in an SCR unit for controlling emissions from a boiler, power plant, or any facility that generates NO_x-containing flue gases is monitored by one or more modules that operate on-line without disrupting the normal operation of the facility. Each module is positioned over a designated lateral area of one of the catalyst beds in the SCR unit, and supplies ammonia, urea, or other suitable reductant to the catalyst in the designated area at a rate that produces an excess of the reductant over NO_x on a molar basis through the designated area. Sampling probes upstream and downstream of the designated area draw samples of the gas stream for NO_x analysis, and the catalyst activity is determined from the difference in NO_x levels between the two probes.