899results about How to "Reduce conversion" patented technology

A light conversion device and high-intensity, solid-state light source utilize wavelength conversion elements with a thermal conductivity greater than 1 watt per meter per degree Kelvin (W / m-K). Exemplary materials that have high thermal conductivity include monocrystalline solids, polycrystalline solids, substantially densified ceramic solids, amorphous solids or composite solids. The light conversion device and high-intensity, solid-state light source have at least one heat sink that is in direct thermal contact with the wavelength conversion element. The heat sink quickly dissipates heat generated within the wavelength conversion element in order to prevent the wavelength conversion element from overheating and undergoing thermal quenching of the wavelength conversion and light emission.

There is provided a photovoltaic device in which at least one pin-junction is formed in a thin film semiconductor deposited on a substrate, the substrate including: a base including polycrystalline silicon; and a polycrystalline silicon layer formed on the base by liquid phase growth, in which at least a part of a surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer has unevenness composed of facet surfaces. The photovoltaic device prevents a reduction in photoelectric conversion efficiency due to the absence of preferable unevenness, an increase in cost due to the use of an expensive material, and a reduction in throughput in the photovoltaic device, and has a preferable characteristic and high productivity.

Catalysts comprised of at least one catalytically active element and at least one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid.

A single-stage electronic ballast device outputs a square wave current to drive an HID lamp, which includes a rectifying and power factor correction unit, a bridge converter and a controller circuit. The rectifying and power factor correction unit has an input connected to an AC power source to rectify an AC power to a DC power. The bridge converter comprises two bridge arms formed by four switches, load terminals defined by midpoints of the two bridge arms and the HID lamp is connected between the load terminals. The bridge converter converts DC current to square wave current to drive the HID lamp with power control. The load terminals are selectively connected to output of the rectifying and power factor correction unit to adjust waveform of input current for higher power factor. The controller circuit has output connected to DC link voltage terminal and load terminal of the bridge converter.

An embodiment of this invention uses a massive parallel interconnect fabric (MPIF) at the flipped interface of a core die substrate (having the core logic blocks) and a context die (used for in circuit programming / context / customization of the core die substrate), to produce ASIC-like density and FPGA-like flexibility / programmability, while reducing the time and cost for development and going from prototyping to production, reducing cost per die, reducing or eliminating NRE, and increasing performance. Other embodiments of this invention enable debugging complex SoC through large contact points provided through the MPIF, provide for multi-platform functionality, and enable incorporating FGPA core in ASIC platform through the MPIF.

An inhibitor composition contains dicyandiamide as a nitrification inhibitor, alkyl thiophosphoric triamide as a urease inhibitor, or a combination thereof, dissolved in a liquid medium comprising an organic solvent selected from, among others, one or more polar aprotic solvents, amine solvents, heterocyclic alcohol solvents, and mixtures thereof, is useful in making fertilizer compositions and in a method of fertilizing target plants.

In an active matrix EL display device, pixels which are suitable for a constant current drive are structured. The pixel includes a first switch which has one end connected to a source signal line and the other end connected to a current-voltage conversion element, a second switch which has one end connected to the current-voltage conversion element and the other end connected to a voltage holding capacitor and to a voltage-current conversion element, and a pixel electrode connected to the current-voltage conversion element and to the voltage-current conversion element.

Catalytic compositions for conversion of substituted aromatic feed materials to oxidized products comprising aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives of the substituted aromatic feed materials comprise a combination comprising a palladium component, an antimony component and / or a bismuth component, and one or more Group 4, 5, 6 or 14 metal or metalloid components. A process for oxidizing substituted aromatic feed materials comprises contacting the feed material with oxygen in the presence of such a catalytic composition in a liquid reaction mixture.

The invention discloses a biogas slurry ecological purification method based on microalgae cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) biogas slurry pretreatment; (2) habituated culture of autotrophic microalgae, namely, obtaining algae strains capable of rapidly growing in 70%-100% biogas slurry; (3) preparation of a seed solution; (4) a biogas slurry purification method during growing of microalgae, namely, after expanded cultivation, inoculating the habituated algae species into an open photobioreactor for cultivation, obtaining chlorella biomass growing by high density through a semi-continuous culture method and optimized methods such as fed-batch cultivation, and purifying the biogas slurry; (5) biochemical breaking of microalgae cell walls, namely, introducing the microalgae cells into a biochemical wall breaking pool, putting freshwater fish into the pool, and obtaining algae slurry subjected to wall breaking; and (6) collection of the microalgae cells and recycling of the biogas slurry. According to the method, not only is a method provided for purifying the biogas slurry, but also the obtained algae cells and the biogas slurry can be recycled, so that ecologicalization treatment of the biogas slurry is realized, the environment is improved, and furthermore, the economic and social benefits are produced.

A method of treating tuberculosis comprising administering an aerosolized interferon such as interferon α, interferon β or interferon γ in a therapeutically effective amount is provided herein. Further, a method of reducing the infectivity of tuberculosis or reducing the number of infectious organisms present in the lungs of a patient suffering from tuberculosis comprising administering an aerosolized interferon such as interferon α, interferon β or interferon γ in a therapeutically effective amount is provided herein. Also, pharmaceutical compositions of one or more aerosolized interferon(s) are provided.

A DC-DC converter having conversion efficiency that is not lowered by input voltage change. A mode control circuit of the DC-DC converter monitors the input voltage, output voltage generated from the input voltage, and output current. The output current changes in accordance with the output voltage. Based on the input voltage, output voltage, and consumption current of a controller of the DC-DC converter, the mode control circuit generates a signal that is in accordance with load current in which efficiency of a switching regulator and efficiency of a linear regulator are substantially the same. The mode control circuit further compares a signal corresponding to the output current and the signal that is in accordance with the load current to generate a mode control signal. The controller operates the DC-DC converter as the switching regulator or the linear regulator in accordance with the mode control signal.

Solvent systems for the formulation of alkyl thiophosphoric triamide urease inhibitors, that provide stable dispersion of alkyl thiophosphoric triamides for even distribution (in low or high concentrations) onto fertilizers containing urea in liquid or solid form.

A fiber optic connector arranged to be releaseably connected to a fiber optic adaptor. The fiber optic connector includes a body configured to receive and terminate two optical fibers, and a latch mechanism provided on the body. The latch mechanism is configured for releasable engagement with each of two sockets of the fiber optic adaptor. The latch mechanism of the fiber optic connector is configured for actuation in a direction laterally across the body.

Disclosed herein is a common mode filter that comprises a drum core including a winding core portion and a pair of flange portions provided at both ends of the winding core portion, and first and second wires wound around the winding core portion so as to form a pair-wire for each turn. The first and second wires includes one or a plurality of sparsely-wound portions in which the first and second wires are wound with adjacent pair-wires spaced from each other, and one or a plurality of closely-wound portions in which the first and second wires are wound with adjacent pair-wires in close contact with each other.

Processes for preparing a composition comprising (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, and (iii) an oxygen storage component are disclosed. Preferably, the process comprise forming a single slurry of components (i)-(iii), spray drying and calcining to obtain metal oxide particles comprising components (i)-(iii). Preferably, the slurry comprise a base peptized acidic metal oxide containing slurry wherein the component (ii) is provided in the slurry as a metal of the base. Compositions prepared are impregnated with a noble metal to provide compositions useful to reduce gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator.

A composition and a dosage form are disclosed comprising oxybutynin alone / or accompanied by another drug indicated for therapy. A method is disclosed for administering oxybutynin alone / or accompanied by a different drug or for administering oxybutynin and a different drug according to a therapeutic program for the management of incontinence alone, and for other therapy.

A photovoltaic apparatus includes a plurality of approximately spherical photoelectric conversion elements including a second semiconductor layer located outside a first semiconductor layer, for generating photoelectromotive force therebetween. The second semiconductor layer has an opening through which part of the first semiconductor layer is exposed. The apparatus also includes a support having first and second conductors and an insulator disposed between the conductors for electrically insulating the conductors from each other. The support has recesses adjacent to each other, the inside surfaces of which are constituted by the first conductor. The photoelectric conversion elements are disposed in respective recesses so that the elements are illuminated with light reflected by part of the first conductor that constitutes the recess. The first conductor is electrically connected to the second semiconductor layers of the photoelectric conversion elements, and the second conductor is electrically connected to the exposed portions of the first semiconductor layers.

A multi-stack package light emitting diode (LED) includes an LED chip, a first fluorescent powder layer, a first optical bandpass filter layer and a second fluorescent powder layer. The LED chip generates an LED light. The first fluorescent powder layer and the second fluorescent powder layer respectively have a first fluorescent powder and a second fluorescent powder. The first fluorescent powder and the second fluorescent powder are excited by the LED light to respectively generate a first excitation light and a second excitation light. The first optical bandpass filter layer allows the LED light and the first excitation light to pass and reflects the second excitation light. A wavelength of the LED light is shorter than a wavelength of the second excitation light. The wavelength of the second excitation light is shorter than a wavelength of the first excitation light. Therefore, the multi-stack package LED improves a light emission efficiency.

Synergized Platinum Group Metals (SPGM) catalyst system for TWC application is disclosed. Disclosed SPGM catalyst system may include a washcoat with a Cu—Mn spinel structure and an overcoat that includes PGM supported on carrier material oxides, such as alumina. SPGM catalyst system shows significant improvement in nitrogen oxide reduction performance under stoichiometric operating conditions and especially under lean operating conditions, which allows a reduced consumption of fuel. Additionally, disclosed SPGM catalyst system also enhances the reduction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon within catalytic converters. Furthermore, disclosed SPGM catalyst systems are found to have enhanced catalyst activity compared to commercial PGM catalyst system, showing that there is a synergistic effect among PGM catalyst and Cu—Mn spinel within the disclosed SPGM catalyst system.

The present invention is directed to therapeutic compositions targeting the NCCa-ATP channel of an astrocyte, neuron or capillary endothelial cell and methods of using same. More specifically, antagonists of the NCCa-ATP channel are contemplated. The compositions are used to prevent cell death and to treat secondary damage associated with spinal cord injury.

In a reaction where a lower hydrocarbon is subjected to direct decomposition by using a catalyst to produce a functional nanocarbon and hydrogen, the lower hydrocarbon is subjected to the reaction in an coexistent gas comprising low concentration of oxidizing gas, reducing gas or a mixture thereof. The precursor of functional nanocarbon produced on the catalyst and amorphous carbon secondarily produced on the catalyst react with the coexistent gas so that being removed from the catalyst, making it possible to prevent the drop of conversion with time on stream due to the inhibition of the reaction by the precursor and by-product. In the case where the raw material of lower hydrocarbon is biogas, the coexistent gas can be easily contained in methane by lowering purification degree of methane. Further, hydrogen can be obtained as one of decomposition products of lower hydrocarbon thus can be contained in methane during the reaction.

A modified water-immiscible solvent useful in the extraction of acetic acid from aqueous streams is a substantially pure mixture of isomers of highly branched di-alkyl amines. Solvent mixtures formed of such a modified solvent with a desired co-solvent, preferably a low boiling hydrocarbon, are useful in the extraction of acetic acid from aqueous gaseous streams. An anaerobic microbial fermentation process for the production of acetic acid employs such solvents, under conditions which limit amide formation by the solvent and thus increase the efficiency of acetic acid recovery. Methods for the direct extraction of acetic acid and the extractive fermentation of acetic acid also employ the modified solvents and increase efficiency of acetic acid production. Such increases in efficiency are also obtained where the energy source for the microbial fermentation contains carbon dioxide and the method includes a carbon dioxide stripping step prior to extraction of acetic acid in solvent.

Precursor compositions for the fabrication of electronic features such as resistors and capacitors. The precursor compositions are formulated to have a low conversion temperature, such as not greater than about 350° C., thereby enabling the fabrication of such electronic features on a variety of substrates, including organic substrates such as polymer substrates.

A current output device of a data driving apparatus sequentially applying data signals to data lines. The data signals correspond to analog converted output currents and the current output device includes a switch controlling supply of the analog output currents according to a first control signal, a master current sample / hold circuit sampling or holding the analog output currents according to a second control signal, a slave current sample / hold circuit holding or sampling the analog output currents according to a third control signal, and a multiplexer selecting an output current held in the master current sample / hold circuit or the slave current sample / hold circuit according to the fourth control signal and applying the selected output current to a corresponding data line.

The invention discloses a system for differential recovery of potential energy of a boom of an oil liquid hybrid power excavating machine. The system comprises a variable capacity pump, a multi-channel valve, a boom cylinder, an operating handle, a controller, a hydraulic control reversing valve, a hydraulic control reversing and throttling valve, a hydraulic control unloading valve, an energy accumulator, an electro-hydraulic proportional valve and a one-way valve. The controller is used for controlling the electro-hydraulic proportional valve and the variable capacity pump according to pressure at an outlet of the variable capacity pump and a pressure signal of the energy accumulator, thereby solving the flow distribution problem of the energy accumulator and the variable capacity pump. The energy accumulator is an energy storage element which can transform descending kinetic energy and potential energy of the boom to hydraulic energy and reasonably distribute the energy for a main power source and an auxiliary power source, and a working device is driven by the pump-energy accumulator. The system can avoid the waste of a large amount of the descending kinetic energy of the boom, reduce the energy transformation link, enable an engine to stably work in a high-efficient fuel oil region, improve the fuel coil economy of the excavating machine and reduce the emission of the system.

In an exhaust emission control system of an internal combustion engine, a NOx selective reduction catalyst is disposed in an engine exhaust passage, and an aqueous solution of urea stored in an aqueous-urea tank is supplied to the NOx selective reduction catalyst so as to selectively reduce NOx. A NOx sensor is provided in the engine exhaust passage downstream of the NOx selective reduction catalyst for detecting the NOx conversion efficiency of the NOx selective reduction catalyst, and the concentration of aqueous urea in the aqueous-urea tank is estimated from the detected NOx conversion efficiency. The exhaust emission control system and method make it possible to detect the concentration of aqueous urea at reduced cost.