15339 results about "Manganese" patented technology

A method for depositing a ruthenium-containing film on a substrate by a cyclical deposition process is disclosed. The method may include: contacting the substrate with a first vapor phase reactant comprising a metalorganic precursor, the metalorganic precursor comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of a cobalt, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, iron, and combinations thereof. The method may also include; contacting the substrate with a second vapor phase reactant comprising ruthenium tetroxide (RuO₄); wherein the ruthenium-containing film comprises a ruthenium-metal alloy. Semiconductor device structures including ruthenium-metal alloys deposited by the methods of the disclosure are also disclosed.

The invention includes processes for combined polymer surface treatment and metal deposition. Processes of the invention include forming an aqueous solution containing a metal activator, such as an oxidized species of silver, cobalt, ruthenium, cerium, iron, manganese, nickel, rhodium, or vanadium. The activator can be suitably oxidized to a higher oxidation state electrochemically. Exposing a part to be plated (such as an organic resin, e.g. a printed circuit board substrate) to the solution enables reactive hydroxyl species (e.g. hydroxyl radicals) to be generated and to texture the polymer surface. Such texturing facilitates good plated metal adhesion. As part of this contacting process sufficient time is allowed for both surface texturing to take place and for the oxidized metal activator to adsorb onto said part. The part is then contacted with a reducing agent capable of reducing the metal activator to a lower ionic form, or a lower oxidation state. That reduction can result in the formation of metallic catalytic material over the surface of the part. The reduced metal activator can then function to catalyze the electroless deposition of metal such as copper from solution by contacting the part with the plating solution.

The invention provides a method for making a fuel element for a smoking article comprising forming a combustible carbonaceous material into a fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article; incorporating a metal-containing catalyst precursor into the fuel element or onto the surface thereof to form a treated fuel element, the incorporating step occurring before, during, or after said forming step; and optionally heating or irradiating the treated fuel element at a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the catalyst precursor to a catalytic metal compound. Examples of metal-containing catalyst precursors include iron nitrate, copper nitrate, cerium nitrate, cerium ammonium nitrate, manganese nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. Fuel elements treated according to the invention, and smoking articles including such fuel elements, are also provided.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for forming a bit body for an earth-boring bit. The bit body may comprise hard particles, wherein the hard particles comprise at least one carbide, nitride, boride, and oxide and solid solutions thereof, and a binder binding together the hard particles. The binder may comprise at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, and iron, and at least one melting point reducing constituent selected from a transition metal carbide in the range of 30 to 60 weight percent, boron up to 10 weight percent, silicon up to 20 weight percent, chromium up to 20 weight percent, and manganese up to 25 weight percent, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the binder. In addition, the hard particles may comprise at least one of (i) cast carbide (WC+W2C) particles, (ii) transition metal carbide particles selected from the carbides of titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, and tungsten, and (iii) sintered cemented carbide particles.

Recombinant Factor VIII can be produced in relatively large quantities on a continuous basis from mammalian cells in the absence of any animal-derived proteins such as albumin by culturing the cells in a protein free medium supplemented with polyol copolymers, preferably in the presence of trace metals such as copper. In very preferred embodiments, the medium includes a polyglycol known as Pluronic F-68, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate/EDTA complex, and salts of trace metals such as manganese, molybdenum, silicon, lithium and chromium. With an alternative medium which included trace copper ions alone (without polyol copolymers) we were also able to enhance the productivity of Factor VIII in recombinant cells such as BHK cells that are genetically engineered to express Factor VIII.

An austenoferritic stainless steel with high tensile elongation includes iron and the following elements in the indicated weight amounts based on total weight: carbon<0.04% 0.4%<silicon<1.2% 2%<manganese<4% 0.1%<nickel<1% 18%<chromium<22% 0.05%<copper<4% sulfur<0.03% phosphorus<0.1% 0.1%<nitrogen<0.3% molybdenum<3% the steel having a two-phase structure of austenite and ferrite and comprising between 30% and 70% of austenite, wherein Creq=Cr %+Mo %+1.5 Si % Nieq=Ni %+0.33 Cu %+0.5 Mn %+30 C %+30 N % and Creq/Nieq is from 2.3 to 2.75, and wherein IM=551-805(C+N)%-8.52 Si %-8.57 Mn %-12.51 Cr %-36 Ni %-34.5 Cu %-14 Mo %, IM being from 40 to 115.

A CF8C type stainless steel alloy and articles formed therefrom containing about 18.0 weight percent to about 22.0 weight percent chromium and 11.0 weight percent to about 14.0 weight percent nickel; from about 0.05 weight percent to about 0.15 weight percent carbon; from about 2.0 weight percent to about 10.0 weight percent manganese; and from about 0.3 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent niobium. The present alloys further include less than 0.15 weight percent sulfur which provides high temperature strength both in the matrix and at the grain boundaries without reducing ductility due to cracking along boundaries with continuous or nearly-continuous carbides. The disclosed alloys also have increased nitrogen solubility thereby enhancing strength at all temperatures because nitride precipitates or nitrogen porosity during casting are not observed. The solubility of nitrogen is dramatically enhanced by the presence of manganese, which also retains or improves the solubility of carbon thereby providing additional solid solution strengthening due to the presence of manganese and nitrogen, and combined carbon.

Lithium rich and manganese rich lithium metal oxides are described that provide for excellent performance in lithium-based batteries. The specific compositions can be engineered within a specified range of compositions to provide desired performance characteristics. Selected compositions can provide high values of specific capacity with a reasonably high average voltage. Compositions of particular interest can be represented by the formula, xLi₂MnO₃.(1−x)LiNi_u+ΔMn_u−ΔCo_wA_yO₂. The compositions undergo significant first cycle irreversible changes, but the compositions cycle stably after the first cycle.

A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of first metal, a silicaceous support, and at least one support modifier. Preferably, the first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, titanium, zinc, chromium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten. In addition the catalyst may comprise a second metal preferably selected from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tin, chromium, iron, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, palladium, platinum, lanthanum, cerium, manganese, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, and nickel.

There is provided white light illumination system including a radiation source, a first luminescent material having a peak emission wavelength of about 575 to about 620 nm, a second luminescent material having a peak emission wavelength of about 495 to about 550 nm, which is different from the first luminescent material and a third luminescent material having a peak emission wavelength of about 420 to about 480 nm, which is different from the first and second luminescent materials. The LED may be a UV LED and the luminescent materials may be a blend of three or four phosphors. The first phosphor may be an orange emitting Eu²⁺, Mn²⁺ activated strontium pyrophosphate, Sr₂P₂O₇:Eu²⁺, Mn²⁺. The second phosphor may be a blue-green emitting Eu²⁺ activated barium silicate, (Ba,Sr,Ca)₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺. The third phosphor may be a blue emitting SECA phosphor, (Sr,Ba,Ca)₅(PO₄)₃Cl:Eu²⁺. Optionally, the fourth phosphor may be a red emitting Mn⁴⁺ activated magnesium fluorogermanate, 3.5MgO*0.5MgF₂*GeO₂:Mn⁴⁺. A human observer perceives the combination of the orange, blue-green, blue and/or red phosphor emissions as white light.

The invention discloses a catalyst for preparing alcohol by acetic ester hydrogenation as well as a preparation method and an application thereof, which is characterized in that the main catalyst of the catalyst is copper or copper oxide or a mixture of the copper and the copper oxide, and the cocatalyst can be also added, wherein the cocatalyst is one or more of oxides of zinc, manganese, chromium, calcium, barium, iron, nickel and magnesium; and the carrier is alumina or silica sol. The catalyst has high activity and high selectivity under the condition of low temperature and low pressure, thus greatly reducing the investment cost of permanent plants, lowering production energy consumption, being extremely beneficial for the industrial production, and having good stability and long service life. The catalyst of the invention is used to cause percent conversion of a reaction of converting the acetic ester into the alcohol is more than or equal to 80% and the selectivity of the alcohol is more than or equal to 95%.

A zinc ion-exchanging battery device comprising: (A) a cathode comprising two cathode active materials (a zinc ion intercalation compound and a surface-mediating material); (B) an anode containing zinc metal or zinc alloy; (C) a porous separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; and (D) an electrolyte containing zinc ions that are exchanged between the cathode and the anode during battery charge/discharge. The zinc ion intercalation compound is selected from chemically treated carbon or graphite material having an expanded inter-graphene spacing d₀₀₂ of at least 0.5 nm, or an oxide, carbide, dichalcogenide, trichalcogenide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, or a combination thereof. The surface-mediating material contains exfoliated graphite or multiple single-layer sheets or multi-layer platelets of a graphene material.

The invention provides a method for making a fuel element for a smoking article including the steps of mixing a metal-containing catalyst precursor with a filler material or graphite or a combination thereof to form a pre-treated fuel element component; optionally calcining the pre-treated fuel element component in order to convert the catalyst precursor to a catalytic metal compound; after the optional calcining step, combining the pre-treated fuel element component with a carbonaceous material and a binder to produce a fuel element composition; and forming the fuel element composition into a fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article. Examples of metal-containing catalyst precursors include iron nitrate, copper nitrate, cerium nitrate, cerium ammonium nitrate, manganese nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. Fuel elements treated according to the invention, and smoking articles including such fuel elements, are also provided.

High temperature aluminum alloys that can be used at temperatures from about −420° F. (−251° C.) up to about 650° F. (343° C.) are described herein. These alloys comprise aluminum; scandium; at least one of nickel, iron, chromium, manganese and cobalt; and at least one of zirconium, gadolinium, hafnium, yttrium, niobium and vanadiuim. These alloys comprise an aluminum solid solution matrix and a mixture of various dispersoids. These alloys are substantially free of magnesium.

A method is provided for removing water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide out of a gas, such as air, by passing the gas through a packed column so that the gas sequentially contacts a catalyst consisting of platinum or palladium and at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, chromium, tin, lead and cerium wherein the catalyst is supported on alumina containing substantially no pores having pore diameters of 110 Angstroms or less under conditions which oxidize the carbon monoxide in the gas into carbon dioxide; an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite and combinations thereof under conditions in which water is adsorbed and removed from the gas and an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of calcium ion exchanged A zeolite; calcium ion exchanged X zeolite; sodium ion exchanged X zeolite and mixtures thereof under conditions which carbon dioxide is adsorbed and removed from the gas. The gas may also be subjected to a catalyst/adsorbent in the packed column to effect oxidation and removal of hydrogen in the gas.

Metabolic energy capacity enhancing compositions and methods for reducing oxidative stress and improving vitality in a mammal are disclosed. A composition for increasing metabolic energy capacity may be in a palatable liquid formulation or a solid dosage form and typically includes an anti-oxidant containing phytonectar and an energy catalyst. An anti-oxidant may include a polyphenol, anthrocyanin, bioflavonoid, proanthocyanidin, and a xanthone. An energy catalyst may include a mineral, vitamin, co-vitamin, carbohydrate and a lipid. In a presently preferred embodiment a composition includes phytonectar extracts from grape, aloe vera, apple, morinda citrifolia, scullcap, blueberry, prune, cranberry, elderberry, bilberry, and gentain and a mineral blend containing calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, chromium, selenium, iron, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, potassium, iodine, and cobalt. A method for increasing metabolic energy capacity in a mammal may include consuming a chemical component having the ability to undergo oxidation, producing free radicals and administering a composition having an anti-oxidant containing phytonectar and an energy catalyst.

A stabilized catalyst support having improved hydrothermal stability, catalyst made therefrom, and method for producing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas using said catalyst. The stabilized support is made by a method comprising treating a crystalline hydrous alumina precursor in contact with at least one structural stabilizer or compound thereof. The crystalline hydrous alumina precursor preferably includes an average crystallite size selected from an optimum range delimited by desired hydrothermal resistance and desired porosity. The crystalline hydrous alumina precursor preferably includes an alumina hydroxide, such as crystalline boehmite, crystalline bayerite, or a plurality thereof differing in average crystallite sizes by at least about 1 nm. The crystalline hydrous alumina precursor may be shaped before or after contact with the structural stabilizer or compound thereof. The treating includes calcining at 450° C. or more. Preferred structural stabilizers can include cobalt, magnesium, manganese, manganese, zirconium, boron, aluminum, barium, silicon, lanthanum, oxides thereof, or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate; and at least one of a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1+x1)(Mn_1−y1A′_y1)_2−x1O_z1 and an olivine compound represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1−x2)A″_x2MPO₄. In another embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂, and Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂; and a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1+x7)Mn_2−y7O_z7. A lithium-ion battery and a battery pack each independently employ a cathode that includes an active cathode material as described above. A method of forming a lithium-ion battery includes the steps of forming an active cathode material as described above; forming a cathode electrode with the active cathode material; and forming an anode electrode in electrical contact with the cathode via an electrolyte. A system comprises a portable electronic device and a battery pack or lithium-ion battery as described above.

This invention discloses materials for positive electrodes of secondary batteries and their methods of fabrication. Said materials comprise of granules of an active material for positive electrodes coated with an oxide layer. The active material is one or more of the following: oxides of lithium cobalt, oxides of lithium nickel cobalt, oxides of lithium nickel cobalt manganese, oxides of lithium manganese, LiCoO₂, LiNi_1-xCo_xO₂, LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂, and LiMn₂O₄. The non-oxygen component in the oxide layer is one or more of the following: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, vanadium, titanium, tin, silicon, boron, Al, Mg, Zn, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce, V, Ti, Sn, Si, and B. Said non-oxygen component of the granules is between 0.01 wt. % to 10 wt. % of said granules of active material. The methods of fabrication for said materials includes the steps of mixing an additive and an active material for positive electrodes uniformly in water or solvent, evaporating said solvent or water, and heat treating the remaining mixture at 300° C. to 900° C. for between 1 hour to 20 hours. The additive is a compound of one or more of the following elements: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, vanadium, titanium, tin, silicon, boron, Al, Mg, Zn, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce, V, Ti, Sn, Si, and B where the element is between 0.01 wt. % to 10 wt. % of said active material. Using the materials of positive electrodes disclosed above or materials for positive electrodes fabricated in the methods disclosed above in batteries produces batteries with excellent cycling and high temperature properties.

Supplemental lithium can be used to stabilize lithium ion batteries with lithium rich metal oxides as the positive electrode active material. Dramatic improvements in the specific capacity at long cycling have been obtained. The supplemental lithium can be provided with the negative electrode, or alternatively as a sacrificial material that is subsequently driven into the negative electrode active material. The supplemental lithium can be provided to the negative electrode active material prior to assembly of the battery using electrochemical deposition. The positive electrode active materials can comprise a layered-layered structure comprising manganese as well as nickel and/or cobalt.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for forming a bit body for an earth-boring bit. The bit body may comprise hard particles, wherein the hard particles comprise at least one carbide, nitride, boride, and oxide and solid solutions thereof, and a binder binding together the hard particles. The binder may comprise at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, and iron, and, optionally, at least one melting point reducing constituent selected from a transition metal carbide in the range of 30 to 60 weight percent, boron up to 10 weight percent, silicon up to 20 weight percent, chromium up to 20 weight percent, and manganese up to 25 weight percent, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the binder. In addition, the hard particles may comprise at least one of (i) cast carbide (WC+W2C) particles, (ii) transition metal carbide particles selected from the carbides of titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, and tungsten, and (iii) sintered cemented carbide particles.

A catalyst composition and process facilitates the oxidative reforming of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as methane, to other hydrocarbons having 2 or more carbon atoms (“C₂₊ compounds”). Compositions having a formula comprising a metal, tungsten, manganese and oxygen effectively catalyze the oxidative reforming of methane with a high rate of conversion and selectivity. Controlling feed gas flow and catalyst bed temperature controls the exothermic OCM reaction, avoiding runaway reactions or coking. A single or multiple reactor system can be utilized for the oxidative reforming reactions. Using two reactors in series, catalyst embodiments produced favorable yields of C₂₊ compounds, in the presence or absence of a distributed oxygen feed, and with or without interstage effluent cooling. Removal of desirable end products from the reactor effluent, followed by recycling of the residual effluent, increases the conversion to, and ultimate yield of desirable end product.

A composition suitable for use as a cathode material of a lithium battery includes a core material having an empirical formula Li_xM′_zNi_1−yM″_yO₂. “x” is equal to or greater than about 0.1 and equal to or less than about 1.3. “y” is greater than about 0.0 and equal to or less than about 0.5. “z” is greater than about 0.0 and equal to or less than about 0.2. M′ is at least one member of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, nickel, calcium, magnesium and strontium. M″ is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, vanadium, titanium, magnesium, silicon, boron, aluminum and gallium. A coating on the core has a greater ratio of cobalt to nickel than the core. The coating and, optionally, the core can be a material having an empirical formula Li_x1A_x2Ni_1−y1−z1Co_y1B_z1O_a. “x1” is greater than about 0.1 a equal to or less than about 1.3. “x2,”“y1” and “z1” each is greater than about 0.0 and equal to or less than about 0.2. “a” is greater than 1.5 and less than about 2.1. “A” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium. “B” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, manganese, titanium, vanadium and zirconium.

The invention relates to a lithium-ion secondary battery anode material technology, in particular to a lithium-rich manganese-based anode material Li(Li(1-2x)/3Nix-aMyMn(2-x)/3-b)O2 (M is Co, Al, Ti, Mg and Cu) and a preparation method thereof. A general formula of the lithium-rich manganese-based anode material is as follows: Li(Li(1-2x)/3Nix-aMyMn(2-x)/3-b)O2 (M is Co, Al, Ti, Mg and Cu), wherein x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, when M is Co and Al, y is more than 0 and less than 2x, a is equal to b, and b is equal to y/2; when M is Ti, y is more than 0 and less than (2-x)/3, a is equal to 0, and b is equal to y; and when M is Mg and Cu, y is more than 0 and less than x, a is equal to y, and b is equal to 0. The invention has high specific discharge capacity, excellent normal temperature and high temperature cycle performance, good safety, low raw material cost and production cost, and very high cost-performance ratio.

A silver-based alloy thin film is provided for the highly reflective or semi-reflective coating layer of optical discs. Alloy additions to silver include zinc, aluminum, zinc plus aluminum, manganese, germanium, and copper plus manganese. These alloys have moderate to high reflectivity and reasonable corrosion resistance in the ambient environment.

An object of the present invention is to provide nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles having a small particle diameter and a uniform particle size distribution, and a method for producing the same.

[Solution]

A method for producing a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide by a crystallization reaction is provided. The method includes: a nucleation step of performing nucleation by controlling a pH of an aqueous solution for nucleation including metal compounds containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, and an ammonium ion donor to 12.0 to 14.0 in terms of the pH as measured at a liquid temperature of 25° C. as a standard; and a particle growth step of growing nuclei by controlling a pH of an aqueous solution for particle growth containing nuclei formed in the nucleation step to 10.5 to 12.0 in terms of the pH as measured at a liquid temperature of 25° C. as a standard.

A DPF with an SCR catalyst and a method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides with ammonia, filtering particulates, and reducing the ignition temperature of soot on a DPF are provided. The catalyst includes a first component of copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, niobium, or mixtures thereof, a second component of cerium, a lanthanide, a mixture of lanthanides, or mixtures thereof, and a component characterized by increased surface acidity. The catalyst may also include strontium as an additional second component. The catalyst selectively reduces nitrogen oxides to nitrogen with ammonia and oxidizes soot at low temperatures. The catalyst has high hydrothermal stability.

A nutrition bar comprising about 10% wt or more of soy and/or rice protein, at least one transition metal or transition metal compound, and about 2% wt or more of a humectant, and wherein the at least one transition metal or transition metal compound is in a substantially water insoluble form at 20° C. or the nutrition bar has an Aw of 0.45 or less or about 1% wt or more of the soy and/or rice protein is in the form of nuggets and the humectant is selected from polyols. The bars have elevated levels of soy and/or rice protein, yet do not suffer unacceptable from a deterioration in taste or other organoleptic properties over time. In other aspects, a nutrition bar or other food which incorporates pro-oxidants and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids or their sources in encapsulated form, especially as microcapsules. The pro-oxidants may be metal salts such as copper, manganese, iron and/or zinc salts. Sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fish oil. Processes for preparing the polyunsaturated fatty acid capsules are also disclosed. The polyunsaturated fatty acid capsules/microcapsules are prepared by forming an emulsion of the unsaturated fatty acid with a carrier, spray drying the emulsion to form a powder and encapsulating powder, especially with a fluid bed. The invention is especially useful for encapsulating polyunsaturated fatty acids, or oil sources thereof, most preferably omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), lineoleic acid, linolenic acid (alpha linolenic acid), and gamma-linolenic acids, fish oil, and oil sources of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids such as canola oil, soybean oil or blends thereof.

Disclosed are primary materials, precursor materials and final materials as well as methods to prepare these materials. The final materials are mixed lithium transition metal oxides, useful as performance optimized cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. The transition metal is a solid solution mixture of manganese, nickel and cobalt, M=(Mn1-uNiu)1-u-yCoy, with 0.2

Provided are high manganese containing ferrous based components and their use in oil, gas and/or petrochemical applications. In one form, the components include 5 to 40 wt % manganese, 0.01 to 3.0 wt % carbon and the balance iron. The components may optionally include one or more alloying elements chosen from chromium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, copper, titanium, vanadium, nitrogen, boron and combinations thereof.