1361results about "Organic electrolyte cells" patented technology

A compound comprising a composition A_x(M′_1-aM″_a)_y(XD₄)_z, A_x(M′_1-aM″_a)_y(DXD₄)_z, or A_x(M′_1-aM″_a)_y(X₂D₇)_z, and have values such that x, plus y(1-a) times a formal valence or valences of M′, plus ya times a formal valence or valence of M″, is equal to z times a formal valence of the XD₄, X₂D₇, or DXD₄ group; or a compound comprising a composition (A_1-aM″_a)_xM′_y(XD₄)_z, (A_1-aM″_a)_xM′_y(DXD₄)_z(A_1-aM″_a)_xM′_y(X₂D₇)_z and have values such that (1-a)_x plus the quantity ax times the formal valence or valences of M″ plus y times the formal valence or valences of M′ is equal to z times the formal valence of the XD₄, X₂D₇ or DXD₄ group. In the compound, A is at least one of an alkali metal and hydrogen, M′ is a first-row transition metal, X is at least one of phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, molybdenum, and tungsten, M″ any of a Group IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, VIIIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, and VIB metal, D is at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or a halogen, 0.0001<a≦0.1, and x, y, and z are greater than zero. The compound can have a conductivity at 27° C. of at least about 10⁻⁸ S/cm. The compound can be a doped lithium phosphate that can intercalate lithium or hydrogen. The compound can be used in an electrochemical device including electrodes and storage batteries and can have a gravimetric capacity of at least about 80 mAh/g while being charged/discharged at greater than about C rate of the compound.

An electrolyte composition comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1):wherein R represents a substituent containing a -(CR1R2-CR3R4-O)n- bond (in which R1 to R4 are independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, n being an integer of 2 to 20); Q represents an atomic group forming an aromatic cation having a 5- or 6-membered ring structure with a nitrogen atom, which may have a substituent; and X- represents an anion. A photoelectric conversion device comprising the electrolyte composition and a photo-electrochemical cell composed thereof are also provided.

Methods and articles relating to separation of electrolyte compositions within lithium batteries are provided. The lithium batteries described herein may include an anode having lithium as the active anode species and a cathode having sulfur as the active cathode species. Suitable electrolytes for the lithium batteries can comprise a heterogeneous electrolyte including a first electrolyte solvent (e.g., dioxolane (DOL)) that partitions towards the anode and is favorable towards the anode (referred to herein as an “anode-side electrolyte solvent”) and a second electrolyte solvent (e.g., 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)) that partitions towards the cathode and is favorable towards the cathode (and referred to herein as an “cathode-side electrolyte solvent”). By separating the electrolyte solvents during operation of the battery such that the anode-side electrolyte solvent is present disproportionately at the anode and the cathode-side electrolyte solvent is present disproportionately at the cathode, the battery can benefit from desirable characteristics of both electrolyte solvents (e.g., relatively low lithium reactivity of the anode-side electrolyte solvent and relatively high polysulfide solubility of the cathode-side electrolyte solvent).

The present invention provides a cathode for use in a secondary electrochemical cell, such cathode being coated with a very thin, protective film, permeable to ions. The protective film of the cathode usually has a thickness of up to about 0.1 mum and it provides protection against high voltage charging and overdiscbarging. The present invention further provides a secondary electrochemical cell comprising such a cathode.

Alkaline and lithium batteries are disclosed that advantageously include separators comprising at least one porous layer of fine fibers having a diameter of between about 50 nm and about 3000 nm that provide improved combinations of reduced thickness, dendritic barrier against short-circuiting and low ionic resistance as compared with known battery separators.

A lithium/iron disulfide electrochemical battery cell with a high discharge capacity. The cell has a lithium negative electrode, an iron disulfide positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The iron disulfide of the positive electrode has a controlled average particle size range which allows the electrochemical cells to exhibit desired properties in both low and high rate applications. In various embodiments, the iron disulfide particles are wet milled, preferably utilizing a media mill or milled utilizing a non-mechanical mill such as a jet mill, which reduces the iron disulfide particles to a desired average particle size range for incorporation into the positive electrode.

Provided is an anode for use in electrochemical cells, wherein the anode active layer has a first layer comprising lithium metal and a multi-layer structure comprising single ion conducting layers and polymer layers in contact with the first layer comprising lithium metal or in contact with an intermediate protective layer, such as a temporary protective metal layer, on the surface of the lithium-containing first layer. Another aspect of the invention provides an anode active layer formed by the in-situ deposition of lithium vapor and a reactive gas. The anodes of the current invention are particularly useful in electrochemical cells comprising sulfur-containing cathode active materials, such as elemental sulfur.

The invention is directed in a first aspect to a sulfur-carbon composite material comprising: (i) a bimodal porous carbon component containing therein a first mode of pores which are mesopores, and a second mode of pores which are micropores; and (ii) elemental sulfur contained in at least a portion of said micropores. The invention is also directed to the aforesaid sulfur-carbon composite as a layer on a current collector material; a lithium ion battery containing the sulfur-carbon composite in a cathode therein; as well as a method for preparing the sulfur-composite material.

Desirable electrolyte compositions are described that are suitable for high voltage lithium ion batteries with a rated charge voltage at least about 4.45 volts. The electrolyte compositions can comprise ethylene carbonate and solvent composition selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone or a combination thereof. The electrolyte can further comprise a stabilization additive. The electrolytes can be effectively used with lithium rich positive electrode active materials.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a material for electrolytic solutions suited for use as material in electrolytic solutions serving as ionic conductors in electrochemical devices, such as large-capacity cells or batteries. The present invention is related to a material for electrolytic solutions which comprises, as an essential constituent, an anion represented by the general formula (1): wherein X represents at least one element selected from among B, N, O, Al, Si, P, S, As and Se; M<1 >and M<2 >are the same or different and each represents an organic linking group; a is an integer of not less than 1, and b, c and d each independently is an integer of not less than 0.

The invention discloses various embodiments of Li-ion electrolytes containing flame retardant additives that have delivered good performance over a wide temperature range, good cycle life characteristics, and improved safety characteristics, namely, reduced flammability. In one embodiment of the invention there is provided an electrolyte for use in a lithium-ion electrochemical cell, the electrolyte comprising a mixture of an ethylene carbonate (EC), an ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), a fluorinated co-solvent, a flame retardant additive, and a lithium salt. In another embodiment of the invention there is provided an electrolyte for use in a lithium-ion electrochemical cell, the electrolyte comprising a mixture of an ethylene carbonate (EC), an ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), a flame retardant additive, a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film forming agent, and a lithium salt.

A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a positive electrode containing an active material, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, the negative electrode including a current collector and a negative electrode active material supported by the current collector, the negative electrode active material having a Li insertion potential not lower than 0.2V (vs. Li/Li⁺) and an average primary particle diameter not larger than 1 μm, and a specific surface area of the negative electrode, excluding a weight of the current collector, as determined by the BET method falls within a range of 3 to 50 m²/g.

A subject is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte excellent in cycle performances such as capacity retention after cycling, output after cycling, discharge capacity after cycling, and cycle discharge capacity ratio, output characteristics, high-temperature storability, low-temperature discharge characteristics, heavy-current discharge characteristics, high-temperature storability, safety, high capacity, high output, high-current-density cycle performances, compatibility of these performances, etc. Another subject is to provide a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing the nonaqueous electrolyte. The subjects have been accomplished with a nonaqueous electrolyte which contains a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate and further contains a compound having a specific chemical structure or specific properties.

A lithium battery includes an electrolyte comprised of a non-aqueous solvent, and a salt mixture. The salt mixture includes an alkali metal electrolyte salt and an additive salt having an anion of a mixed anhydride of oxalic acid and boric acid. Specific additive salts include lithium bis(oxalato) borate and lithium oxalyldifluoroborate. Particular electrolyte salts comprise LiPF₆ and LiBF₄. The additive salt is present in an amount of 0.1–60 mole percent of the total of the additive salt and electrolyte salt content of the electrolyte. Also disclosed is a method for enhancing the performance characteristics of a lithium battery through the use of the electrolyte composition. Also disclosed is the compound lithium oxalyldifluoroborate.

The present invention provides high capacity and high voltage Li-ion batteries that have a carbonaceous cathode and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising LiF salt and an anion receptor that binds the fluoride ion. The batteries can comprise dual intercalating electrode Li ion batteries. Methods of the present invention use a cathode and electrode pair, wherein each of the electrodes reversibly intercalate ions provided by a LiF salt to make a high voltage and high specific capacity dual intercalating electrode Li-ion battery. The present methods and systems provide high-capacity batteries particularly useful in powering devices where minimizing battery mass is important.

The present invention provides a separator for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries which neither breaks nor slips off at the time of fabrication of battery, gives excellent battery fabricability, causes no internal short-circuit caused by contact between electrodes even if the electrodes are externally short-circuited, can inhibit ignition of battery and produces high energy density and excellent cycle life, and further provides a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the separator and a method for manufacturing the separator. That is, the present invention relates to a separator for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries which comprises a porous base containing at least one member selected from a porous film, a woven fabric or nonwoven fabric containing an organic fiber and a paper and an organometallic compound applied to the porous base; a method for the manufacture of the separator for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries which comprises allowing said porous base to contact with a solution of organometallic compound by impregnation, coating or spraying, followed by drying or curing with heating to apply the organometallic compound to the porous base; and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the separator.

Provided is a battery capable of improving cycle characteristics through reducing a structural fracture according to charge and discharge of an anode and a reaction of the with an electrolyte. An anode active material layer includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a simple substance and alloys of Si capable of forming an alloy with Li. A cathode and an anode are formed so that the molar ratio Li/Si in the anode at the time of charge is 4.0 or the potential of the anode vs. Li is 0.04 V or more through adjusting, for example, a ratio between a cathode active material and an anode active material. Moreover, the cathode and the anode are formed so that the molar ratio Li/Si in the anode at the time of discharge is 0.4 or more, or the potential of the anode vs. Li is 1.4 V or less.

A dimensionally stable, highly resilient, hybrid copolymer solid-solution electrolyte-retention film for use in a lithium ion battery in one preferred embodiment has a predominantly amorphous structure and mechanical strength despite contact with liquid solvent electrolyte. The film is a thinned (stretched), cast film of a homogeneous blend of two or more polymers, one of which is selected for its pronounced solvent retention properties. A very high surface area inorganic filler dispersed in the blend during formation thereof serves to increase the porosity of the film and thereby enhance electrolyte retention. The film is soaked in a solution of liquid polymer with liquid organic solvent electrolyte and lithium salt, for absorption thereof. Use of a cross-linked liquid polymer enhances trapping of molecules of the electrolyte into pores of the film. The electrolyte film is sandwiched between flexible active anode and cathode layers to form the lithium ion battery. Novel methods are provided for forming the electrodes, the polymer substrate, and other elements of the battery.

Batteries including a lithium anode stabilized with a metal-lithium alloy and battery cells comprising such anodes are provided. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell having an anode and a sulfur electrode including at least one of elemental sulfur, lithium sulfide, and a lithium polysulfide is provided. The anode includes a lithium core and a ternary alloy layer over the lithium core where the ternary alloy comprises lithium and two other metals. The ternary alloy layer is effective to increase cycle life and storageability of the electrochemical cell. In a more particular embodiment, the ternary alloy layer is comprised of lithium, copper and tin.

An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one nitrate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and an alkali metal nitrate, alkaline earth metal nitrate and/or an organic alkyl nitrate additive.

The present invention relates to a variety of conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound having a special structure and an additive and a method for preparing the same, more particularly to conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound obtained by reacting a metal or metal compound with an ammonium carbamate- or ammonium carbonate-based compound and an additive and a method for preparing the same.

A redox chemical shuttle comprising an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary carbon organic group and at least one alkoxy group (for example, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene) provides repeated overcharge protection in rechargeable lithium-ion cells.

A secondary battery comprises a negative electrode and a positive electrode which oppose each other and an ion conductive member which includes a layered or columnar structure (ion channels) in its matrix and which is sandwiched between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.

There is provided a mother-battery containing at least the following films: an anode of metallic lithium or sodium, a polymer electrolyte which is conductive towards the alkaline ions of the anode and also acts as a separator between the electrodes, and a composite cathode consisting of a compound which is reducible to lithium or sodium, an additive of electronic conduction and a polymer electrolyte binder. The mother battery also includes an electronically conductive thin coating on the external face of the anode and, possibly of the cathode, in which the conductive material is chemically inert towards the electrode material and which also serves to establish permanent electrical contacts on the external faces. The laminated mother-battery of larger surface area and at least partially charged is thereafter subjected to a sharp mechanical cutting out to give thin polymer electrolyte batteries with lithium or sodium anode. The thus cut out batteries preserve substantially their voltage after mechanical cutting out which is recovered by a mechanism of self-healing.

Disclosed is a rechargeable lithium battery including an electrolyte comprising an ethylene carbonate compound represented by Formula 1, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and a lithium salt; a negative electrode including a negative active material including a silicon-included alloy and being capable of reversibly forming a compound by reacting with lithium; and a positive electrode including a positive active material comprising a compound being capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions or a material capable of forming a compound containing lithium by reversibly reacting with lithium.

(wherein X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a halogen, and a fluorinated alkyl having C₁ to C₅; at least one of X and Y is selected from the group consisting of a halogen, and a fluorinated alkyl having C₁ to C₅; and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Sn, Ag, Fe, Bi, Mg, Zn, In, Ge, Pb, and Ti.)

A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a case, a positive electrode housed in the case and including a positive electrode active material containing a lithium-nickel composite oxide and at least one of lithium hydroxide and lithium oxide, the sum of lithium hydroxide and lithium oxide falling within not less than 0.1% to not more than 0.5% by weight based on the total amount of the positive electrode active material, a negative electrode housed in the case and capable of lithium intercalation-deintercalation, and a separator sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte containing γ-butyrolactone.

A rechargeable lithium-ion cell contains a positive electrode, negative electrode, charge-carrying electrolyte containing charge carrying medium and lithium salt, and an N-substituted or C-substituted phenothiazine compound dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte. The substituted phenothiazine compound has an oxidation potential above the positive electrode recharged potential and serves as a cyclable redox chemical shuttle providing cell overcharge protection.

A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The negative electrode contains a titanium-containing oxide. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains a compound having a functional group represented by the formula (1) below and a sultone having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.

[Chem.]

Improved submicron carbon fluoride has increased graphite content and can also have improved uniformity. The increased graphite content and/or uniformity can result in improved battery performance, for example with respect to specific capacity. Desirable battery structures provide for use with implantable medical devices. Suitable batteries can be used for high rate, medium rate, low rate or a combination of rate applications.

The object of the present invention is to provide a nonwoven fabric for separators of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries which is superior in adhesion to electrodes, causes no breakage of the separator and neither slippage nor space between electrode and the separator at the time of fabrication of battery, provides superior battery processability such as rollability with electrodes, causes no internal short-circuit due to contact between electrodes caused by shrinking or burning of the nonwoven fabric even when electrodes generate heat owing to external short-circuit, whereby ignition of the battery can be inhibited, has no pin holes and is superior in retention of electrolyte and penetration of electrolyte, and which can give non-aqueous electrolyte batteries superior in capacity, battery characteristics and battery storage characteristics. Specifically, the nonwoven fabric for separators of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries according to the present invention has a thickness non-uniformity index (Rpy) of 1000 mV or less or a center surface average roughness SRa of 6 mum or less in whole wavelength region as measured using a tracer method three-dimensional surface roughness meter.