5452results about How to "Reduce solubility" patented technology

A water soluble biodegradable ABA- or BAB-type triblock polymer is disclosed that is made up of a major amount of a hydrophobic polymer made of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer or poly(lactide) polymer as the A-blocks and a minor amount of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol polymer B-block, having an overall weight average molecular weight of between about 2000 and 4990, and that possesses reverse thermal gelation properties. Effective concentrations of the triblock polymer and a drug may be uniformly contained in an aqueous phase to form a drug delivery composition. At temperatures below the gelation temperature of the triblock polymer the composition is a liquid and at temperatures at or above the gelation temperature the composition is a gel or semi-solid. The composition may be administered to a warm-blooded animal as a liquid by parenteral, ocular, topical, inhalation, transdermal, vaginal, transurethral, rectal, nasal, oral, pulmonary or aural delivery means and is a gel at body temperature. The composition may also be administered as a gel. The drug is released at a controlled rate from the gel which biodegrades into non-toxic products. The release rate of the drug may be adjusted by changing various parameters such as hydrophobic / hydrophilic componenet content, polymer concentration, molecular weight and polydispersity of the triblock polymer. Because the triblock polymer is amphiphilic, it functions to increase the solubility and / or stability of drugs in the composition.

An exposure apparatus includes a illumination optical system for illuminating a reticle with light from a light source, and a projection optical system for projecting a pattern of the reticle onto an object, said projection optical system includes a lens closest to the object, wherein a surface on the object side of the lens is smaller than an effective area of a surface on the reticle side of the lens, and wherein said exposure apparatus exposes the object via a liquid that is filled in a space between the lens and the object.

Methods of manufacturing polymeric intraluminal prostheses include annealing the polymeric material to selectively modify the crystallinity thereof. Annealing may be utilized to selectively modify various properties of the polymeric material of an intraluminal prosthesis, including: selectively increasing the modulus of the polymeric material; selectively increasing the hoop strength of the intraluminal prosthesis; selectively modifying the elution rate (increase or decrease) of a pharmacological agent subsequently disposed on or within the annealed polymeric material; selectively increasing / decreasing stress in the intraluminal prosthesis; and selectively modifying the polymeric material such that it erodes at a different rate.

An improvement of the methanol carbonylation process for manufacturing acetic acid is disclosed. Specifically disclosed is a method for reducing the formation of alkyl iodides and C3-8 carboxylic acids by removing permanganate reducing compounds (“PRC's”) from the light phase of the condensed light ends overhead stream, including (a) distilling the light phase to yield a PRC enriched overhead stream; and (b) extracting the third overhead stream with water in at least two consecutive stages and separating therefrom one or more aqueous streams containing PRC's.

Cassette (50) performs assays, e.g. multiplexed protein biomarker assays. Wide, bubble-free, slow flows are produced from liquids stored on cassette (50), flowing over wide array (20) of ligand receptors on a capture surface. Flows of Reynolds Number less than about 1, preferably 1×10−1 to 5×10−3, are heated in region (34) preceding and including bubble removal system (128). Analyte is introduced through compressed septum (32). External actuations of displacement pumps (30, 37) and valves (137 A, B, and C) produce flows in response to flow-front optical sensors (150, 152). Elastic sheet provides pump and valve diaphragms and resilient expansion of mixing volume (131). Break-away cover portions are pistons. Heating is by conduction through cassette from external contact heater. Planar cassette body, when tilted from horizontal, enables upward flow from pumped storage (134, 135) to reaction (133) to waste (139), with buoyancy bubble removal before reaction. Reading of fluorescence is by external reader, employing calibration, control and reference features on capture surface. Extensive set of calibration features of differing intensities enables self-calibration.

The invention features polymeric biomaterials formed by nucleophilic addition reactions to conjugated unsaturated groups. These biomaterials may be used for medical treatments.

A plastic spectacles lens containing an organic dye instead of a neodymium compound and having an optical transmission equivalent to a plastic spectacles lens containing a neodymium compound is provided. The plastic spectacles lens comprises a plastic lens wafer formed from a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, or the plastic lens wafer and one, or two or more component layers formed on at least one side of the plastic lens wafer, and an organic dye satisfying the specific conditions.

A catalyst composition and process for the conversion of linear and / or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a Brønsted Acid, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

The invention relates to a global reduction method of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is one of the green house gas and the most causative substance to the earth warming, by direct electrolysis treatment of the surface ocean water.

Disclosed are branched polyphosphonates produced via a superior transesterification process, and methods related thereto. These branched polyphosphonates exhibit a unique and advantageous combination of properties, such as outstanding fire resistance, improved heat stability, improved toughness, and superior processing characteristics. Also disclosed are polymer compositions that comprise these branched polyphosphonates and at least one other polymer, wherein the resulting polymer compositions exhibit flame retardant properties. Further disclosed are articles of manufacture produced from these polymers, such as fibers, films, coated substrates, moldings, foams, fiber-reinforced articles, or any combination thereof; these articles may be coated with a moisture barrier to enhance their moisture resistance properties.

The present invention provides processes for fixation of biological tissue and / or post-fixation treatment of such tissue that result in modified tissues with reduced susceptibility to in vitro calcification when used in prosthetic devices. The invention also relates to calcification resistant biological tissue and to methods of using such tissue.

There is disclosed a resist composition that remarkably improves the resolution of photolithography using a high energy beam such as ArF excimer laser light as a light source, and exhibits excellent resistance to surface roughness and side lobe under use of a halftone phase shift mask; and a patterning process using the resist composition. The positive resist composition at least comprises (A) a resin component comprising a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1); (B) a photoacid generator generating sulfonic acid represented by the following general formula (2) upon exposure to a high energy beam; and (C) an onium salt where a cation is sulfonium represented by the following general formula (3), or ammonium represented by the following general formula (4); and an anion is represented by any one of the following general formulae (5) to (7).

A process and method for separating CO2 from a gaseous stream such as natural gas. An ionic liquid comprising an anion having a carboxylate function is used as an adsorbent to selectively complex the CO2 yielding a gaseous stream with a greatly reduced CO2 content. The ionic liquid can then be readily be regenerated and recycled.

The invention provides a method for cladding surfaces of an active material of an anode and / or the anode and methods for manufacturing the anode and a battery. In the cladding method, an atomic layer deposition technology is adopted to deposit surface modification substances on the surfaces of the active material of the anode and / or the anode of a lithium battery. According to the invention, the cycle performance and the specific capacity of the lithium-ion battery can be improved obviously and electrode materials are more stable.

An intraluminal medical device comprises a stent having a coating applied to at least part of an interior surface, an exterior surface, or both. The coating comprises a sustained release formulation of a combination of pharmaceutical compounds dispersed within a biologically tolerated polymer composition. The choice of the combination of pharmaceutical compounds are intended to reduce neointimal hyperplasia restenosis.

The present invention relates to a novel compound with a fluoroalkylsulfonium photoacid generating group and novel copolymers having superior solubility in organic solvents, which is prepared from radical polymerization of the novel compound with methacrylate monomers.

Non-linear multiblock copolymer-drug conjugates for the treatment and prevention of diseases and disorders of the eye are provided. The polymer-drug conjugates can form nanoparticles, microparticles, and implants that are capable of effectively delivering therapeutic levels of one or more active agents for an extended period of time. Administration to the eye of an active agent in the form of a non-linear multiblock copolymer-drug conjugate produces decreased side effects when compared to administration of the active agent alone. Also provided are methods of treating intraocular neovascular diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration as well as diseases and disorders of the eye associated with inflammation, such as uveitis.

The present invention comprises methods and compositions for antimicrobial devices comprising metal containing compositions which are resistant to heat and light discoloration. The metal containing compositions may comprise salts or complexes of silver, copper or zinc. In one aspect the compositions comprise silver salts. In another aspect, the compositions comprise silver complexes. In one aspect, the metal salts may comprise metal salts of saccharin, acesulfame, long chain fatty acids, and alkyl dicarboxylic acids. The compositions further comprise polymers which form salts or complexes with silver, copper or zinc. The methods of the present invention comprise treating devices with the metal containing compositions, including, but not limited to, such devices as woven wound care materials, catheters, patient care devices, and collagen matrices. The present invention further comprises treatment of humans and animals with the antimicrobial devices described herein.

An oral delivery system for Class II drugs that have low oral bioavailability due to their insolubility in water and slow dissolution kinetics and method for making such a drug delivery system are disclosed herein. The formulation may be a controlled release or immediate release formulation. The immediate release formulation contains a Class II drug, together with a hydrophobic polymer, preferably a bioadhesive polymer. In one embodiment, the drug and polymer are co-dissolved in a common solvent. The solution is formed into small solid particles by any convenient method, particularly by spray drying. The resulting particles contain drug dispersed as small particles in a polymeric matrix. The particles are stable against aggregation, and can be put into capsules or tableted for administration. The controlled release formulations contain a BCS Class II drug and a bioadhesive polymer. The controlled release formulations may be in the form of a tablet, capsules, mini-tab, microparticulate, or osmotic pump. Enhancement of oral uptake of the drug from use of bioadhesive polymers occurs through (1) increased dissolution kinetics due to stable micronization of the drug, (2) rapid release of the drug from the polymer in the GI tract; and (3) prolonged GI transit due to bioadhesive properties of the polymers. The combination of these effects allows the preparation of a compact, stable dosage form suitable for oral administration of many class II drugs.

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are prepared from (meth)acrylate esters of 2-alkyl alkanols. The adhesives are characterized by exhibiting an overall balance of adhesive and cohesive characteristics and exceptional adhesion to low surface energy substrates.

A solid polymethylaluminoxane composition is provided having uniform particle diameter in the form of fine particles of less than 5 μm employed to polymerize olefins with high polymerization activity without silica. A method for manufacturing thereof, a polymerization catalyst, and a method for manufacturing a polyolefin are also provided. The solid polymethylaluminoxane composition: has an aluminum content within a range of 36 mass % to 43 mass %; has a mole fraction of methyl groups derived from trimethylaluminum moieties relative to the total number of mols of methyl groups of 12 mol % or less; and is particulate having a median diameter based on volume within a range of 0.1 μm to less than 5 μm. In a step of heating an aromatic hydrocarbon solution containing trimethylaluminum and the polymethylaluminoxane to cause solid polymethylaluminoxane composition to precipitate, prior to or during the heat treating step, a dry, inert gas is bubbled through.

Nanoparticulate bisphosphonate compositions, having an effective average particle size of less than 2000 nm, are described. The compositions are useful in treating bone resorption in a mammal.

Pharmaceutical formulations comprising: a compound of low water solubility, having a maximum average particle size; a carrier; and at least two surface stabilizers are disclosed. The present invention also comprises methods of treating various conditions with such a formulation and processes for making such a formulation.

A moister sensor, for measuring moister in a building without leaving visible scars to the building surface, is provided. The moister sensor includes a flexible carrier carrying an antenna for receiving EM-radiation between 9 kHz and 11 MHz and a resonant circuit including a moister reactive element. The moister reactive element includes a hygroscopic electrolyte arranged between a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrolyte in the presence of moister forms mobile ions and provides a complex impedance at least in response to the alternating voltage, which complex impedance varies with the moister content of the electrolyte.

Disclosed is an electrode material comprising a phthalocyanine compound encapsulated by a protective material, preferably in a core-shell structure with a phthalocyanine compound core and a protective material shell. Also disclosed is a rechargeable lithium cell comprising: (a) an anode; (b) a cathode comprising an encapsulated or protected phthalocyanine compound as a cathode active material; and (c) a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode and / or an electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode. This secondary cell exhibits a long cycle life, the best cathode specific capacity, and best cell-level specific energy of all rechargeable lithium-ion cells ever reported.

The present invention relates to an analysis tool (1) including a reaction space (6) for holding a sample liquid and in which a reagent portion (33) is disposed. The reagent portion (33) is constituted so as to dissolve when a sample liquid is held in the reaction space (6). Part of the reaction space (6) is defined by first and second surfaces (31c and 5a) opposite each other. The facing distance (H1) between the first and second surfaces (31c and 5a) is no greater than 45 μm. The facing distance (H1) is, for example, the minimum distance from the upper surface (31c or 32c) of a first or second electrode (31 or 32) to the portion (5a) of a second plate (5) that faces the upper surface (31c or 32c) of the electrode (31 or 32).

The present invention provides a fluorescence ink having a high fluorescence intensity, and an ink jet recording method using the same. The ink contains a first fluorescent coloring material that emits fluorescence at a predetermined fluorescence wavelength to be used for measurement or determination with excitation at a predetermined excitation wavelength, a second fluorescent coloring material that emits fluorescence on excitation at the predetermined excitation wavelength, where the excitation spectrum of the first coloring material in the ink to obtain the fluorescence at the predetermined emission wavelength has a peak wavelength range next to the predetermined fluorescence wavelength, and the emission fluorescence spectrum of the second coloring material has an emission wavelength region substantially including at least the above peak wavelength range.