191results about How to "Minimize effect" patented technology

A water soluble, biodegradable ABA- or BAB-type tri-block polymer is disclosed that is made up of a major amount of a hydrophobic A polymer block made of a biodegradable polyester and a minor amount of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol(PEG) B polymer block, having an overall average molecular weight of between about 2000 and 4990, and that possesses reverse thermal gelation properties. Effective concentrations of the tri-block polymer and a drug may be uniformly contained in an aqueous phase to form a drug delivery composition. At temperatures below the gelation temperature of the tri-block polymer the composition is a liquid and at temperatures at or above the gelation temperature the composition is a gel or semi-solid. The composition may be administered to a warm-blooded animal as a liquid by parenteral, ocular, topical, inhalation, transdermal, vaginal, transurethral, rectal, nasal, oral, pulmonary or aural delivery means and is a gel at body temperature. The composition may also be administered as a gel. The drug is released at a controlled rate from the gel which biodegrades into non-toxic products. The release rate of the drug may be adjusted by changing various parameters such as hydrophobic / hydrophilic component content, polymer concentration, molecular weight and polydispersity of the tri-block polymer. Because the tri-block polymer is amphiphilic, it functions to increase the solubility and / or stability of drugs in the composition.

A water soluble biodegradable ABA- or BAB-type triblock polymer is disclosed that is made up of a major amount of a hydrophobic polymer made of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer or poly(lactide) polymer as the A-blocks and a minor amount of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol polymer B-block, having an overall weight average molecular weight of between about 2000 and 4990, and that possesses reverse thermal gelation properties. Effective concentrations of the triblock polymer and a drug may be uniformly contained in an aqueous phase to form a drug delivery composition. At temperatures below the gelation temperature of the triblock polymer the composition is a liquid and at temperatures at or above the gelation temperature the composition is a gel or semi-solid. The composition may be administered to a warm-blooded animal as a liquid by parenteral, ocular, topical, inhalation, transdermal, vaginal, transurethral, rectal, nasal, oral, pulmonary or aural delivery means and is a gel at body temperature. The composition may also be administered as a gel. The drug is released at a controlled rate from the gel which biodegrades into non-toxic products. The release rate of the drug may be adjusted by changing various parameters such as hydrophobic / hydrophilic componenet content, polymer concentration, molecular weight and polydispersity of the triblock polymer. Because the triblock polymer is amphiphilic, it functions to increase the solubility and / or stability of drugs in the composition.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of MAP kinase gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of MAP kinase genes, such as Jun amino-terminal kinase (e.g., JNK-1, JNK-2), p38 (MAPK 14), ERK (e.g., ERK-1, ERK-2) and / or c-Jun.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of genes, such as expressed pseudogenes associated with the maintenance or development of diseases, disorders, traits, and conditions in a subject or organism. The invention also provides small nucleic acid molecules with reduced or attenuated immunostimulatory properties and methods for designing and synthesizing such small nucleic acid molecules having improved toxicologic properties while retaining RNAi activity.

A method and device for the treatment of a patient with heart disease and particularly a heart chamber having a myocardial rupture or characteristics of an incipient myocardial rupture. The heart chamber is partitioned so as to isolate a non-productive portion having a rupture or a region of an incipient rupture from a productive portion. The heart chamber is preferably partitioned with a reinforced membrane which has a pressure receiving surface that defines part of the productive portion of the heart chamber. The peripheral base of the reinforced membrane may have an eccentric configuration.

The present invention concerns methods and reagents useful in modulating Parkinson genes, for example, PARK1 (SNCA), PARK2, PARK7, and / or PARK5 gene expression in a variety of applications, including use in therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, and genomic discovery applications. Specifically, the invention relates to small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against SNCA gene expression and / or activity. The small nucleic acid molecules are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson Disease (PD), and any other disease or condition that responds to modulation of PARK1 (SNCA), PARK2, PARK7, and / or PARK5 expression or activity.

A method of image acquisition and data pre-processing includes obtaining from a sensor an image of a subject making a movement. The sensor may be a depth camera. The method also includes selecting a plurality of features of interest from the image, sampling a plurality of depth values corresponding to the plurality of features of interest, projecting the plurality of features of interest onto a model utilizing the plurality of depth values, and constraining the projecting of the plurality of features of interest onto the model utilizing a constraint system. The constraint system may comprise an inverse kinematics solver.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating interleukin and / or interleukin receptor gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of interleukin and / or interleukin receptor gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (mRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of interleukin and / or interleukin receptor genes such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-24, IL-25, IL-26, and IL-27 genes and IL-IR, IL-2R, IL-3R, IL-4R, IL-5R, IL-6R, IL-7R, IL-8R, IL-9R, IL-10R, IL-11R, IL-12R, IL-13R, IL-14R, IL-15R, IL-16R, IL-17R, IL-18R, IL-19R, IL-20R, IL-21R, IL-22R, IL-23R, IL-24R, IL-25R, IL-26R, and IL-27R genes.

The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) gene expression and / or activity. The present invention is also directed to compounds, compositions, and methods relating to traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of expression and / or activity of genes involved in Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) gene expression pathways or other cellular processes that mediate the maintenance or development of such traits, diseases and conditions. Specifically, the invention relates to double stranded nucleic acid molecules including small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) gene expression, including cocktails of such small nucleic acid molecules and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of such small nucleic acid molecules. The present invention also relates to small nucleic acid molecules, such as siNA, siRNA, and others that can inhibit the function of endogenous RNA molecules, such as endogenous micro-RNA (miRNA) (e.g, miRNA inhibitors) or endogenous short interfering RNA (siRNA), (e.g., siRNA inhibitors) or that can inhibit the function of RISC (e.g., RISC inhibitors), to modulate PCSK9 gene expression by interfering with the regulatory function of such endogenous RNAs or proteins associated with such endogenous RNAs (e.g., RISC), including cocktails of such small nucleic acid molecules and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of such small nucleic acid molecules. Such small nucleic acid molecules and are useful, for example, in providing compositions to prevent, inhibit, or reduce metabolic diseases traits and conditions, including but not limited to hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetis (e.g., type I and / or type II diabetis), insulin resistance, obesity and / or other disease states, conditions, or traits associated with PCSK9 gene expression or activity in a subject or organism.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating gene expression using chemically modified double stranded nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features double stranded nucleic acid molecules including small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of genes via RNA interference (RNAi). The invention features various modifications to double stranded nucleic acid structures, including chemically modified overhangs and optimized stabilization motifs of guide (antisense) strand and passenger (sense) strands of double stranded nucleic acid molecules that allow for potent RNA interference in therapeutically relevant applications.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and / or transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-betaR) gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of TGF-beta and / or TGF-betaR gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of TGF-beta and / or TGF-betaR genes.

An implantable medical device comprises a hermetically sealed housing having a housing wall with an interior surface, and an ultrasonic acoustic transducer, the transducer comprising one or more piezoelectric discs fixed to the interior surface of the housing wall, such that the housing wall acts as a diaphragm in response to induced movement by the one or more piezoelectric material discs.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating STAT3 gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of STAT3 gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (mRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of STAT3 genes. Such small nucleic acid molecules are useful, for example, for treating, preventing, inhibiting, or reducing cancer, proliferative, and / or inflammatory diseases, disorders, or conditions in a subject or organism, such as psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, Crohn's disease, and inflammatory bowel disease, and for any other disease, trait, or condition that is related to or will respond to the levels of STAT3 in a cell or tissue, alone or in combination with other treatments or therapies.

Normalization of the built-in DC offset error in each analog channel is disclosed to reduce image distortion in multi-event (multi-touch or multi-hover) sensor panels. By eliminating the component-dependent offset error from each analog channel, each analog channel will generate approximately the same output value for a given dynamic input signal. Normalization can include “phantom row” compensation, which involves measuring the static output value of each analog channel when no stimulus is applied to any row of a multi-event sensor panel, and subtracting this value out of any subsequent output value generated by the analog channel. Normalization can also include DAC offset compensation, which involves setting the offset compensation voltage of each analog channel to some fraction of its normal value, measuring the output of the analog channel over temperature, determining a temperature coefficient, and adjusting any subsequent output value generated by the analog channel to account for this drift.

The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of gene expression and / or activity. The present invention is also directed to compounds, compositions, and methods relating to traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of expression and / or activity of genes involved in gene expression pathways or other cellular processes that mediate the maintenance or development of such traits, diseases and conditions. Specifically, the invention relates to double stranded nucleic acid molecules including small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against gene expression, including cocktails of such small nucleic acid molecules and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of such small nucleic acid molecules. The present invention also relates to small nucleic acid molecules, such as siNA, siRNA, and others that can inhibit the function of endogenous RNA molecules, such as endogenous micro-RNA (miRNA) (e.g., miRNA inhibitors) or endogenous short interfering RNA (siRNA), (e.g., siRNA inhibitors) or that can inhibit the function of RISC (e.g., RISC inhibitors), to modulate gene expression by interfering with the regulatory function of such endogenous RNAs or proteins associated with such endogenous RNAs (e.g., RISC), including cocktails of such small nucleic acid molecules and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of such small nucleic acid molecules. Such small nucleic acid molecules and are useful, for example, in providing compositions to prevent, inhibit, or reduce diseases, traits and conditions that are associated with gene expression or activity in a subject or organism.

The present invention relates to methods for determining whether blood flow is restricted in a blood vessel of an individual suspected of compromised blood flow in the vessel, the method comprising the steps of delivering UTP, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof to the vessel, assessing blood flow quantitatively in the vessel by obtaining a value that correlates to blood flow in said vessel, comparing the obtained value with a reference value, and determining whether the individual has compromised blood flow based on the results of the comparison. The invention also provides for methods of diagnosing atherosclerotic and ischemic heart diseases using UTP, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof, as well as methods for inducing maximal hyperemia for diagnostic purposes.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating myostatin (GDF8) gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of myostatin gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of myostatin genes.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of genes, such as expressed pseudogenes associated with the maintenance or development of diseases, disorders, traits, and conditions in a subject or organism.

A thermal management system is provided that minimizes the effects of thermal runaway within a battery pack. The system is comprised of a multi-sided, substantially airtight battery pack enclosure configured to hold a plurality of batteries, where at least one side of the battery pack enclosure includes at least one cavity. An inner wall of the enclosure includes a plurality of perforations configured to pass gas from within the enclosure to the cavity within the at least one side member. The system is further comprised of at least one gas exhaust port integrated into an outer wall of the enclosure and configured to pass gas from within the cavity of the enclosure side member to the ambient environment when one or more batteries contained within the battery pack undergo thermal runaway.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating TGF-beta and / or TGF-betaR gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of TGF-beta and / or TGF-betaR gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of TGF-beta and / or TGF-betaR genes. Such small nucleic acid molecules are useful, for example, for treating, preventing, inhibiting, or reducing inflammatory, respiratory, autoimmune, and / or proliferative diseases, disorders, conditions, or traits in a cell, subject or organism and any other disease, condition, trait or indication that can respond to the level of TGF-beta and / or TGF-betaR in a cell or tissue; or alternately in providing long term hematopeitic reconstitution in a subject or organism.

We describe the manufacturing process for and structure of a CPP MTJ MRAM unit cell that utilizes transfer of spin angular momentum as a mechanism for changing the magnetic moment direction of a free layer. The strength of the switching field, Hs of the cell is controlled by the magnetic anisotropy of the cell which, in turn, is controlled by a combination of the shape anisotropy and the stress and magnetostriction of the cell free layer. The coefficient of magnetostriction of the free layer can be adjusted by methods such as adding Nb or Hf to alloys of Ni, Fe, Co and B or by forming the free layer as a lamination of layers having different values of their coefficients of magnetostriction. Thus, by tuning the coefficient of magnetostriction of the cell free layer it is possible to produce a switching field of sufficient magnitude to render the cell thermally stable while maintaining a desirable switching current.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of genes, such as expressed pseudogenes associated with the maintenance or development of diseases, disorders, traits, and conditions in a subject or organism. The invention also provides small nucleic acid molecules with reduced or attenuated immunostimulatory properties and methods for designing and synthesizing such small nucleic acid molecules having improved toxicologic properties while retaining RNAi activity.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating interleukin and / or interleukin receptor gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of interleukin and / or interleukin receptor gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (mRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of interleukin and / or interleukin receptor genes, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-24, IL-25, IL-26, and IL-27 genes and IL- 1 R, IL-2R, IL-3R, IL-4R, IL-5R, IL-6R, IL-7R, IL-8R, IL-9R, IL-10R, IL-11R, IL-12R, IL-13R, IL-14R, IL- 15 R, IL-16R, IL-17R, IL-18R, IL-19R, IL-20R, IL-21R, IL-22R, IL-23R, IL-24R, IL-25R, IL-26R, and IL-27R. Such small nucleic acid molecules are useful, for example, for treating, preventing, inhibiting, or reducing cancer, inflammatory, respiratory, autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, and / or proliferative diseases, disorders, or conditions in a subject or organism, and for any other disease, trait, or condition that is related to or will respond to the levels of interleukin and / or interleukin receptor in a cell or tissue, alone or in combination with other treatments or therapies.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of genes, such as expressed pseudogenes associated with the maintenance or development of diseases, disorders, traits, and conditions in a subject or organism.

Methods for driving electro-optic displays, especially bistable displays, include (a) using two-part waveforms, the first part of which is dependent only upon the initial state of the relevant pixel; (b) measuring the response of each individual pixel and storing for each pixel data indicating which of a set of standard drive schemes are to be used for that pixel; (c) for at least one transition in a drive scheme, applying multiple different waveforms to pixels on a random basis; and (d) when updating a limited area of the display, driving “extra” pixels in an edge elimination region to avoid edge effects.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating Myc and / or Myb gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of Myc and / or Myb gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of Myc and / or Myb (e.g., c-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc, c-Myb, a-Myb, b-Myb, and v-Myb) genes. The small nucleic acid molecules are useful in the treatment of cancer and other diseases and disorders.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating 5-alpha reductase (SRD5A-1, SRD5A-2) and androgen receptor (AR) gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of 5-alpha reductase and androgen receptor (AR) gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (mRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of 5-alpha reductase and androgen receptor (AR) genes.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating Myc and / or Myb gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of Myc and / or Myb gene expression and / or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of Myc and / or Myb (e.g., c-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc, c-Myb, a-Myb, b-Myb, and v-Myb) genes. The small nucleic acid molecules are useful in the treatment of cancer and other diseases and disorders.

Disclosed herein is the use of chemical irritants, such as vanilloid receptor-1 agonists, in sustained / controlled release pharmaceutical preparations which also contain a drug typically having high abuse potential. Inclusion of the VR1 agonist in the pharmaceutical preparation interferes with illicit or inappropriate dosing without significantly interfering with the action of the therapeutic. Also disclosed are exemplary co-formulations of capsaicin (a VR1 agonist) and oxycodone (an opioid therapeutic having high abuse potential) in controlled release preparations.