1504 results about "Reductase" patented technology

The present invention concerns an electrode carrying immobilized redox enzymes such that electric charge can flow between an electron mediator group to the enzyme cofactor by the use of boronic acid or a boronic acid derivative that acts as a linker moiety between the cofactor and the electron mediator group. The invention also concerns devices and systems that make use of the electrode of the invention, such as bio-sensors and fuel cells, the electrode being one of the components thereof.

Methods for increasing and decreasing male fertility using selective 11β-HSD1-dehydrogenase, 11β-HSD1-reductase and 11β-HSD2 dehydrogenase modulating compounds are described.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating 5-alpha reductase (SRD5A-1, SRD5A-2) and androgen receptor (AR) gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of 5-alpha reductase and androgen receptor (AR) gene expression and/or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (mRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of 5-alpha reductase and androgen receptor (AR) genes.

Provided are novel benzothiepines, derivatives, and analogs thereof; pharmaceutical compositions containing them; and methods of using these compounds and compositions in medicine, particularly in the prophylaxis and treatment of hyperlipidemic conditions such as those associated with atherosclerosis or hypercholesterolemia, in mammals. Also provided are compositions and methods for combination therapy employing ileal bile acid transport inhibitors and EG Co-A reductase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperlipidemic conditions.

The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a muconate pathway having at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a muconate pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce muconate. The muconate pathway including an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a beta-ketothiolase, a beta-ketoadipyl-CoA hydrolase, a beta-ketoadipyl-CoA transferase, a beta-ketoadipyl-CoA ligase, a 2-fumarylacetate reductase, a 2-fumarylacetate dehydrogenase, a trans-3-hydroxy-4-hexendioate dehydratase, a 2-fumarylacetate aminotransferase, a 2-fumarylacetate aminating oxidoreductase, a trans-3-amino-4-hexenoate deaminase, a beta-ketoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase, a muconolactone isomerase, a muconate cycloisomerase, a beta-ketoadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydratase, a 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA transferase, a 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydrolase, a 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA ligase, a muconate reductase, a 2-maleylacetate reductase, a 2-maleylacetate dehydrogenase, a cis-3-hydroxy-4-hexendioate dehydratase, a 2-maleylacetate aminoatransferase, a 2-maleylacetate aminating oxidoreductase, a cis-3-amino-4-hexendioate deaminase, and a muconate cis/trans isomerase. Other muconate pathway enzymes also are provided. Additionally provided are methods of producing muconate.

In the case in which a fuel cell has a structure in which a cathode (2) and an anode (1) are opposed with the intermediary of an electrolyte layer (3) and the cathode (2) is formed of an electrode to which an oxygen reductase and so on is immobilized and this electrode has pores inside, at least part of the surface of this electrode is rendered water repellent. For example, the surface of the electrode is rendered water repellent by forming a water-repellent agent on the surface of this electrode. Thereby, in the case in which the cathode is formed of an electrode to which an enzyme is immobilized and this electrode has pores inside, a fuel cell that can stably achieve a high current value by optimization of the amount of water contained in the cathode and a manufacturing method thereof are provided.

Compounds that modulate the oxidoreductase enzyme indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase, and compositions containing the compounds, are described herein. The use of such compounds and compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of a diverse array of diseases, disorders and conditions, including cancer- and immune-related disorders, that are mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is also provided.

The present invention discusses a novel process for the synthesis of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-B,D-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemi calcium, atorvastatin. The compound so prepared is useful as inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase and may thus be used as hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent.

Provided is a screening method for compounds affecting fatty acid biosynthesis, the method comprising: providing a reaction mixture comprising: an acyl carrier moiety or enzymes and precursors sufficient to generate the acyl carrier moiety; a bacterial enzymatic pathway comprising at least two consecutively acting enzymes selected from the group consisting of: malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III, NADPH dependent beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, beta-hydroxylacyl-ACP dehydrase and enoyl-ACP reductase; and substrates and cofactors required for the operation of the enzymes; contacting the reaction mixture with a prospective bioactive agent; conducting a high throughput measurement of the activity of the enzymatic pathway; and determining if the contacting altered the activity of the enzymatic pathway.

The present invention provides methods of enzymatically preparing aldehydes from fatty acids by utilizing a carboxylic acid reductase enzyme to reduce the fatty acids to their corresponding aldehydes. The present invention also provides aldehydes prepared by the methods of the invention.

The present invention relates to a kit for the treatment of cancer comprising (a) a container for containing a first compound (i) or a precursor thereof, said first compound or precursor being a compound that oxidizes glutathione (GSH); (b) a container for containing a second compound (ii) or a precursor thereof, said second compound or precursor being a compound that forms an adduct or conjugate with GSH; (c) a container for containing a third compound (iii) or a precursor thereof, said third compound or precursor being a compound that inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS); and (d) a container for containing a fourth compound (iv) or a precursor thereof, said fourth compound or precursor being a compound that inhibits the enzyme responsible for the conversion of GSSG to GSH, glutathione reductase (GR).

The invention relates to a method for preparing (S)-(4-chlorphenyl)-(pyridine-2-yl)-methanol by utilizing microbial catalysis, and belongs to the technical field of biological catalysis. According to the method, 4-chlorphenyl-(pyridine-2-yl)-ketone is subjected to asymmetrical reduction by utilizing kluyveromycessp (CCTCCM 2011385) whole cells to synthesize the (S)-(4-chlorphenyl)-(pyridine-2-yl)-methanol. The method comprises the following steps of: sieving a microbe which has high-stereoselectivity carbonyl reductase activity on a prochiral ketone substrate, determining a series of conditions of asymmetrical reduction reaction, such as reaction temperature, pH, the concentration of cells, the concentration of the substrate and reaction time and additives (including various secondary solvents, polyethyleneglycol (PEG), phosphates and the like), wherein the enantiomer excess value and yield of the (S)-(4-chlorphenyl)-(pyridine-2-yl)-methanol serving as a product can reach 86.7 percent e.e and 92.1. The product is separated and extracted initially by silicagel column chromatography, so that the purity of the separated product is 99.2 percent, and the extraction yield is 56.7 percent.

Recombinant organisms are provided comprising genes encoding aquacobalamin reductase, cob(II)alamin reductase, cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase, glycerol dehydratase and 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase activities useful for the production of 1,3-propanediol from a variety of carbon substrates. More specifically the following nucleotide sequences are provided: btuR, encoding the E. coli cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase enzyme; cobA, encoding the Salmonella typhimurium cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase enzyme; cobO, encoding the Pseudomonas denitrificans cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase enzyme; dhaB1, encoding the α subunit of the Klebsiella glycerol dehydratase enzyme; dhaB2, encoding the β subunit of the Klebsiella glycerol dehydratase enzyme; dhaB3, encoding the γ subunit of the Klebsiella glycerol dehydratase enzyme; dhaT, encoding Klebsiella oxidoreductase enzyme; the yciK gene isolated from E. coli; the glucose isomerase promoter sequence from Streptomyces; and the N-terminal amino acid sequence for cob(II)alamin reductase from Pseudomonas denitrificans.

This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating 5-alpha reductase (SRD5A-1, SRD5A-2) and androgen receptor (AR) gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of 5-alpha reductase and androgen receptor (AR) gene expression and/or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of 5-alpha reductase and androgen receptor (AR) genes.

The invention provides composition and methods for producing proteins of interest which comprise at least one disulfide bond, include proteins which in their mature form do not contain disulfide bonds, but whose precursor molecule contained at least one disulfide bond. The methods employ a host cell modified to more efficiently produce properly folded disulfide bond containing proteins. The host cells generally contain a mutation in one or more reductase genes, and can be further genetically modified to increase their growth rate, and are further optionally modified to increase the expression of a catalyst of disulfide bond formation. Host cells, methods for using such to produce proteins of interest, proteins of interest produced by these methods are within the scope of the invention.

The invention provides a genetically engineered bacterium for high-yielding L-valine. A construction method of the genetically engineered bacterium comprises the steps that starting from an escherichia coli W3110, an acetolactate synthase gene alsS of a bacillus subtilis is integrated on a genome of the escherichia coli W3110 and subjected to high expression; an escherichia coli ppGpp 3'-pyrophosphoric acid hydrolytic enzyme mutant R290E/K292D gene spoT is integrated on the genome of the escherichia coli W3110 and subjected to high expression; genes of frdA, frdB, frdC and frdD of four subunits of a lactic dehydrogenase gene ldhA, a pyruvate formate lyase I gene pflB and fumaric reductase on the genome of the escherichia coli W3110 are knocked out; a branched chain amino acid transaminasegene ilvE of the escherichia coli is replaced with leucine dehydrogenase gene bcd of the bacillus subtilis; and an acetyl-hydroxyl acid isomerized reductase gene ilvC of the escherichia coli is replaced with an encoding gene of a mutant L67E/R68F/K75E. According to the genetically engineered bacterium for the high-yielding L-valine, an L-valine fermentation method is further modified. Double-phasedissolved oxygen control is adopted, and the L-valine yield and the saccharic acid conversion rate are improved.