105 results about "Redox enzymes" patented technology

The invention includes various prototypical amperometric biosensors for the quantification of biological substrates such as fructose, creatinine, creatine, and sarcosine, and the methods for producing these biosensors. Also included in the invention is a minaturized version of the biosensing devices. The components of these prototypical biosensors are immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) comprising chemisorbed alkanethiols. The deposition of an amphiphilic lipid layer to these systems increases the stability and activity of the resultant biosensor and enhances the rejection of many interferents. An additional feature of the invention is the co-deposition of the components of the sensor via a novel detergent dialysis protocol. The invention features two particular biosensor systems. One embodiment involves fructose dehydrogenase as the redox/sensor enzyme and fructose as the substrate/analyte. Another embodiment involves the measurement of the substrates/analytes, creatinine, creatine and sarcosine, using sacrosine dehydrogenase as the redox/sensor enzyme, with the involvement of creatinine amidohydrolase and/or creatine amidinohydrolase in the reaction pathway.

A method and apparatus for electrochemical detection of analyte in a sample makes use of a binding interaction and relies on the discovery that asymmetric distribution of a redox enzyme between two electrodes that occurs when a redox enzyme-containing reagent is immobilized at the surface of one electrode can be detected as a chemical potential gradient arising from an asymmetry, in the distribution of oxidized or reduced redox substrate. This chemical potential gradient can be detected potentiometrically by observing the potential difference between the electrodes in an open circuit, or amperometrically by observing the current flow between the electrodes when the circuit is closed. In both cases, the observation of asymmetry can be done without the application of an external potential or current to the electrodes.

The present invention concerns an electrode carrying immobilized redox enzymes such that electric charge can flow between an electron mediator group to the enzyme cofactor by the use of boronic acid or a boronic acid derivative that acts as a linker moiety between the cofactor and the electron mediator group. The invention also concerns devices and systems that make use of the electrode of the invention, such as biosensors and fuel cells, the electrode being one of the components thereof.

A conductive polymer is formed enzymatically in the presence of a polynucleotide template. The method includes combining at least one redox monomer with a polynucleotide template and a redox enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase, to form a reaction mixture. The monomer aligns along the template before or during the polymerization. Therefore, the polynucleotide template thereby affects the molecular weight and conformation of the conductive polymer. When the conductive polymer is complexed to a polynucleotide duplex, the conformation of the polynucleotide duplex can be modulated by changing the oxidation state of the conductive polymer.

The present invention concerns an electrode carrying immobilized redox enzymes such that electric charge can flow between an electron mediator group to the enzyme cofactor by the use of boronic acid or a boronic acid derivative that acts as a linker moiety between the cofactor and the electron mediator group. The invention also concerns devices and systems that make use of the electrode of the invention, such as bio-sensors and fuel cells, the electrode being one of the components thereof.

A polymer matrix that may coated on an electrode is created by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of a polyaniline formed by templated oxidative polymerization on a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme. The polymer matrix may be hydrated, and the absorbed water may make it permeable to, for example, glucose. The polyaniline may be polyaniline itself or a substituted polyaniline; the water-soluble crosslinker may be poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, and the redox enzyme may be glucose oxidase. The polymer matrix may be produced by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of an electrically conductive polymer and a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme in a single step at an about neutral pH, curing by drying. After hydration, the crosslinked polymer matrix may form a 3-dimensional glucose-permeable bioelectrocatalyst, catalyzing the electrooxidation of glucose.

Still further provided is a fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment comprising: in the anode compartment, an anode electrode and, integrated into biocompatible membrane tethered to the anode electrode, a redox enzyme that can receive electrons from an electron carrier; in the cathode compartment, a cathode electrode which, when a conductive pathway to the first electrode is formed, is effective to convey the electrons to an electron acceptor composition in the cathode compartment; and a barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.

A microneedle array device includes a substrate and an array of microneedles on the substrate. Each microneedle includes a redox enzyme and redox mediator and an electrically conductive layer on the substrate. The electrically conductive layer may extend partway up each microneedle exposing the tip thereof.

A dry reagent composition that includes an active redox enzyme that oxidizes an analyte as a specific substrate to produce an inactive reduced form of the enzyme; and a salt of ferricyanide provides improved performance in electrochemical test strips such as those used for detection of glucose. The salt of ferricyanide consists of ferricyanide and positively-charged counter ions, and the positively charged counter ions are selected such that the salt of ferricyanide is soluble in water, and such that the salt of ferricyanide or the crystalline phase of the salt of ferricyanide has a solubility in water and/or a lower E⁰_eff at a concentration of 100 mM than potassium ferricyanide. For example, the salt of ferricyanide may be tetramethylammonium ferricyanide.

The present invention provides a system for the determination of an analyte in a liquid medium. The system comprises a self-powered biosensor and a detector for measuring an electrical signal generated by said biosensor while the analyte is being oxidized or reduced, the biosensor comprising a pair of electrodes, one of the electrodes being an anode and the other a cathode, both of which carry redox enzymes on their surface. An enzyme carried on one of the electrodes can catalyze an oxidation or reduction reaction in which the analyte is oxidized or reduced, respectively, and the other of said pair of electrodes carries on its surface enzymes that can catalyze a reaction in which the oxidizer or the reducer are reduced or oxidized, respectively, in the presence of the analyte.

The invention relates to new glycerin dehydrase gene cloning and its expression in relative host. The enzyme gene is cloned form clostridium perfringens which can transform the glycerin into 3-hydroxyl propionic aldehyde at normal biological chemical reacting condition. Based on the invention, it can recombine the 1,3-propylene glycol redox enzyme relative gene into Escherichia coli to gain a new metabolism engineering fungus which can be transformed into 1, 3-propylene glycol by fermenting tapioca hydrolyzate, glucose, or glycerol.

The invention provides a highly sensitive immunoassay for detection of a biological species. The immunoassay comprises exposing an electrode to an analyte liquid putatively containing the biological species so as to couple the biological species, if present in the analyte liquid, to a binding antibody on the electrode. The electrode comprises a binding antibody and an anchor group, each being coupled to an electrically conductive substrate, said binding antibody being capable of binding to the biological species and said anchor group being capable of binding to a redox polymer. The electrode is then exposed to an antibody-enzyme liquid comprising an antibody-enzyme species, said antibody-enzyme species comprising a detection antibody capable of binding to the biological species, said detection antibody being coupled to a redox enzyme, whereby, if the analyte liquid comprises the biological species, the redox enzyme couples to the electrode by means of the coupling of both the detection antibody and the binding antibody to the biological species. The electrode is then exposed to a polymer solution comprising the redox polymer and to an enzyme substrate, whereby if the redox enzyme is coupled to the anchor group on the electrode the redox polymer is reduced and couples to the anchor group on the electrode. A voltage is then applied between the electrode and a reference electrode and the electrode is exposed to an oxidisable species, whereby a magnitude of an electric current between said electrode and a reference electrode is indicative of the presence or absence of the biological species.

The invention belongs to technology of qualitative detection of animal-derived components in food and feed, and particularly relates to a primer/probe group for detecting fox component in food and feed. The invention selects mitochondrion cytochrome C redox enzyme I subunit gene sequence of fox, and designs a group of specific primers and probes. After using the primers and probes, the real-time fluorescent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology can be adopted to quickly, sensitively and specifically detect the fox component in food and feed. The primers and probes can also be provided together with other reagents in the form of a kit, and is used for nucleic acid amplification reaction. The method is simple to operate and has favorable repetitiveness.

The present invention relates to an enzyme electrode including: a carbon particle; a metal particle held on the carbon particle, the metal particle having a catalytic activity against a redox reaction; a redox enzyme. The enzyme electrode of the present invention further includes a high-resistance particle enhancing an electrical resistance, the high-resistance particle being chemically stable. The high-resistance particle contains an inorganic substance, for example. The inorganic substance is aluminum oxide or smectite, for example.

The present invention is immobilized laccase as one kind of redox enzyme and its preparation process. The immobilized laccase is immobilized onto PVA carrier with active ester radical through chemical linkage. The preparation process includes two steps of synthesis of the carrier and the immobilizing of the laccase, the synthesis of the carrier includes PVA crosslinking, dispersing, washing, grinding and the reaction with carboxylic acid derivative and compound containing N-succinimide radical; and the immobilizing of the laccase includes the mixing of the carrier and laccase, shaking reaction, washing and drying. The immobilized laccase has high stability, high activity and low cost.

A conductive polymer is formed enzymatically in the presence of a polynucleotide template. The method includes combining at least one redox monomer with a polynucleotide template and a redox enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase, to form a reaction mixture. The monomer aligns along the template before or during the polymerization. Therefore, the polynucleotide template thereby affects the molecular weight and conformation of the conductive polymer. When the conductive polymer is complexed to a polynucleotide duplex, the conformation of the polynucleotide duplex can be modulated by changing the oxidation state of the conductive polymer.

The invention provides a pyrrolo quinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt impurity separation and purification method, belonging to the technical field of chemical drug impurity research. PQQ is a prothetic group of multiple oxidation-reduction enzymes, has remarkable effects in preventing and treating alcoholic fatty liver, is expected to become a novel liver injury prevention and cure drug, and has good clinical application prospect. Aiming at the impurity in the drug, quality control limit must be established according to the physiological activity itself; the method comprises effectively separating the impurity in the drug, thus ensuring drug quality and reducing untoward effects of the drug. Impurity separation and purification is the most key technology in drug research. PQQ synthesis by-product impurities are effectively separated to prepare a 100-mg impurity product, and high resolution mass spectrum (HRMS), infrared absorption spectrum (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) are adopted to confirm a chemical structural formula of the impurity and finally confirm a molecular formula, chemical construction and a chemical name of the impurity, thus providing a reliable basis for impurity limit formulation for reporting PQQ clinic medication.

The invention relates to a low-temperature bleaching enzyme preparation for indigo denim discoloring as well as a preparation method and application of the low-temperature bleaching enzyme preparation. The low-temperature bleaching enzyme preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of oxidation-reduction enzyme, 400-700 parts of buffer acid and 1-300 parts of stuffing. A using method of the low-temperature bleaching enzyme preparation for indigo denim discoloring comprises the following steps: heating water to 20-30 DEG C, adding 0.5-2g/L low-temperature bleaching enzyme preparation, and processing for 5-30 minutes. Compared with the prior art, the low-temperature bleaching enzyme preparation prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention can be used at a low temperature, so that the use amount of pumice stones and a chemical strong oxidant is reduced, and a worn-look effect is achieved. The low-temperature bleaching enzyme preparation has the advantages of remarkably saving energy and protecting environment, lowering the production cost, reducing pollution of chemicals to water, being safe, and the like, is biodegradable and pollution-free to environment.