3567 results about "Metabolite" patented technology

Disclosed is a system for detecting whether the breast cancer is benign or malignant based on multiple modalities, which comprises: an ultrasonomics model configured to extract breast tumor position information and breast tumor morphological features on the basis of an acquired grayscale breast ultrasound image, perform global interactive fusion on the breast tumor position information and breast tumor morphological feature information, and convert a Transformer encoder-based feature output into an output vector of the corresponding classification dimensions by means of a fully connected layer; a metabonomics model configured to obtain a metabolic fingerprint spectrogram and analyze the metabolic fingerprint spectrogram on the basis of a metabolic database and a predetermined significantly differential metabolite to obtain abnormal metabolic pathways, signal transduction pathways, and related biochemical reactions associated with breast cancer malignancy; and a detection module configured to perform joint modeling, based on the breast tumor position information, the breast tumor morphological features, and a peak value of the significantly differential metabolite of the breast cancer malignancy, to output a prediction result about whether the breast cancer is benign or malignant.

A spiro compound, and a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, polymorph, solvate, N-oxide, isotopically labeled compound, metabolite, or prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, a preparation method therefor, and a use thereof in preparation of a drug for preventing or treating KRAS-mediated related diseases.

The invention provides an early-stage automatic identification method and system for acute kidney injury related to cardiac surgery, and relates to the technical field of physiological parameter detection. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring average arterial pressure, cardiac blood discharge volume, central venous pressure and blood oxygen saturation, regularly recording and extracting data of adjacent time points, calculating a variation range, screening a mutation region, judging whether a reference range is exceeded or not, analyzing a multi-parameter synchronous variation condition, and marking a hemodynamics abnormal state. According to the method, abnormal changes of hemodynamics and urine metabolism are accurately recognized through real-time monitoring and multi-parameter analysis, the urine flow rate and the metabolite excretion rate are combined, misjudgment of a single index is avoided, the fineness of renal function change analysis is improved, the high-risk time period is accurately positioned through time cross comparison, the diagnosis accuracy is improved, and the diagnosis accuracy is improved. Trend analysis and risk grade division enable the change of the illness state to be more visual, and a real-time early warning system effectively monitors the fluctuation trend, optimizes clinical management and improves the timeliness of medical response.

Provided in the present invention are a tetrahydropyridopyrazole derivative and use thereof in medicine. Specifically provided is a compound as shown in general formula (I) or a racemate, stereoisomer, tautomer, deuterated substance, solvate, prodrug, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or eutectic crystal thereof, an intermediate thereof, a preparation method therefor, and use thereof in the preparation of a related drug for treating diabetes or obesity.

The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a stable fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and a preparation method thereof, and the fertilizer comprises a fertilizer inner core layer, a nano microbial metabolite layer and a microbial protective layer from inside to outside. According to the stable fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut rhizome rot, the capsule embedding inhibitor made of humic acid and the trichoderma aureoviride metabolite are adopted to construct a dual nitrification inhibition system, and the capsule embedding inhibitor and the trichoderma aureoviride metabolite have a synergistic effect, so that the nitrification effect is reduced, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is increased, and non-point source pollution is reduced.

The invention discloses an intelligent regulation and control method for a tea fermentation process and a regulation and control system based on microbial activity monitoring, and relates to the technical field of tea processing. According to the method, microbial activity and environmental parameters are monitored in real time, and a microbial metabolism model and a neural network algorithm are combined, so that dynamic optimization and accurate regulation and control of the tea leaf fermentation process are realized, firstly, microbial activity data and environmental parameters in a fermentation environment are collected by utilizing a sensor array; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating a metabolite generation rate and a concentration change trend through a microbial metabolism model, accurately identifying abnormal fluctuation in a fermentation process, secondly, adjusting fermentation conditions in real time based on the metabolite concentration change trend and a dynamic regulation and control algorithm to ensure the stability of the fermentation process, and finally, carrying out real-time fermentation. Tea quality parameters after fermentation condition adjustment are predicted through a neural network algorithm, a regulation and control strategy is optimized, and stable improvement of tea quality is achieved.

The invention discloses a metabonomics data batch correction method based on multi-kernel learning, and belongs to the cross technical field of bioinformatics and analytical chemistry. According to the method, the multi-kernel learning technology is utilized, the advantages of different kernel functions are fused in a self-adaptive mode, a model conforming to data reality is constructed, complex drift characteristics of metabolite signals are accurately captured, and efficient and accurate normalization processing of metabonomics data is achieved. Compared with traditional data standardization methods such as SVR and LOESS, the method has the advantages that the performance is excellent in the aspect of reducing the metabolite peak intensity variability, and the data stability is remarkably improved. In the subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, the classification accuracy is greatly improved, the comparability among different batches of data is also remarkably enhanced, reliable data support can be provided for discovery of disease biomarkers, and the method plays a key role in large-scale metabonomics research.

The invention relates to application of a combined pharmaceutical composition in preparation of a medicine for resisting transforming follicular lymphoma. Active components in the combined pharmaceutical composition comprise a first component and a second component, the first component is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of sitagliflozin, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate and metabolite of sitagliflozin; and the second component is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of chidamide, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, isomers, solvates and metabolites of the chidamide. Research finds that the combined use of the two active components not only can reduce the dosage of each drug and improve the medication safety, but also has the effect of improving or treating convertible follicular lymphoma more remarkably than that of a single drug active component, and plays a role in synergistic promotion. The invention provides an effective drug combination strategy for improvement or treatment of convertible follicular lymphoma, and has very significant significance.

The invention provides a feed fermentation parameter intelligent correction method based on the Internet of Things, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the full-dimensional data collection from a microenvironment in a feed fermentation tank to a cross-regional macroenvironment, and generating a standardized data matrix; detecting communication time delay fluctuation characteristics based on the standardized data matrix, determining a fluctuation period and an amplitude range of a time delay abnormal point, and forming a time delay fluctuation characteristic spectrum; analyzing the influence of a raw material nutrition structure and logistics transportation time efficiency on the purity and concentration uniformity of metabolites through a regional differentiation regulation and control plan, and outputting associated feature distribution of quality control imbalance between regions; and updating an operation instruction of the feed fermentation equipment in real time according to the association feature distribution of the quality control imbalance between the regions, and obtaining equipment state operation feedback data after the operation instruction is updated.

Burkholderia, and a composition, use and usage method thereof. Provided are the Burkholderia, and a composition comprising the strain and / or a metabolite, culture, fermentation broth and / or extract thereof. The Burkholderia or the composition thereof can generate a siderophore, induce plants or seeds thereof to generate systemic resistance to plant pathogens, and reduce the chemotaxis of plant pathogens to plants, so that prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests are achieved. In addition, plant root system development can be promoted, a nitrogen fixation effect is provided, a phosphate solubilization effect is provided, indoleacetic acid is generated, and weeds are removed, thereby promoting plant growth.

The invention discloses a composite denitrification accelerant and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The carbon source composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50% of a carbon source, 2-5% of vitamins, 2-5% of amino acids, 1-3% of a biological stimulant, 1-2% of signal molecules, 1-5% of metal elements, 3-5% of a pH regulator and 25-60% of water. Through metabolites such as vitamins, amino acids and biological stimulants, growth and reproduction of denitrifying bacteria are promoted, and functions of related enzymes in the denitrification process are improved. The signal molecule optimizes the metabolic activity of bacteria by regulating and controlling the expression of genes, related to the denitrification process, of the denitrifying bacteria. The metal ions can enhance the activity of the denitrifying enzyme, so that the efficiency of denitrification treatment is improved. According to the denitrification accelerant, the denitrification process is promoted through the synergistic effect of three aspects of growth and reproduction of denitrifying bacteria, expression of denitrification genes and improvement of activity of denitrification-related enzymes.

The invention relates to a metabolic marker for diagnosing diabetic secondary osteoporosis and application of the metabolic marker, and belongs to the technical field of biological medicine. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, screening out obviously different metabolites between osteoporosis (DOP) and osteoporosis-free groups (DM) in diabetic patients; and secondly, screening out significant difference metabolites between the primary osteoporosis patient and the healthy control group, and excluding the intersection of the two groups of difference metabolites to obtain metabolites which exclude the influence of the primary osteoporosis. Metabolic markers, namely cytosine nucleotide, ketoglutaric acid and triethylamine, are obtained through further screening, and when the three metabolic markers are independently used, AUCgt; the AUC during combined use is 0.99, so that the limitation that the sensitivity of the traditional bone mineral density detection on the osteoporosis recognition in the diabetic population is insufficient is effectively made up.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent monitoring, in particular to a Baijiu brewing microbial fermentation intelligent monitoring system and method.The Baijiu brewing microbial fermentation intelligent monitoring system comprises a multi-source sensing module, an edge computing unit, a cloud decision-making model, a dynamic execution unit, an AR visual terminal and a safety early warning module, the multi-source sensing module is used for acquiring temperature gradient, material components and microorganism density data in the fermentation tank; the edge calculation unit is used for implementing space-time fusion processing on the original data; the cloud decision model adopts a hybrid neural network, fuses real-time monitoring data and a historical fermentation atlas database, and outputs an ethyl acetate generation efficiency predicted value and a regulation and control instruction; the dynamic execution unit is used for receiving the regulation and control instruction; the AR visual terminal is used for dynamically displaying the fermentation process three-dimensional thermodynamic diagram and labeling the concentration extreme point of the target metabolite; the safety early warning module is used for starting an emergency program. Therefore, the problems of non-real-time monitoring, non-intelligent data processing, insufficient control precision, low safety and the like in related technologies are solved.

The invention discloses bifidobacterium breve and application thereof in relieving Alzheimer's disease, and belongs to the technical field of probiotics. The preparation method comprises the following steps: separating 18 bifidobacterium strains from feces of children aged 0-3 years old, analyzing and identifying the 18 bifidobacterium strains including bifidobacterium longum, bifidobacterium breve and bifidobacterium animalis, and screening out the bifidobacterium breve LE4 with potential Alzheimer's disease relieving capacity through in-vitro oxidation resistance and LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) removal capacity. The method comprises the steps of behavioral experiments (nesting experiments, open field experiments and water maze experiments), histopathologic analysis, molecular biological detection and the like. The multi-target AD intervention effects of improving the cognitive function, reducing A beta deposition and tau protein phosphorylation, relieving neuroinflammation, enhancing synaptic plasticity, repairing intestinal barriers, adjusting intestinal flora and metabolites and the like of the LE4 strain are comprehensively evaluated, and a new strategy is provided for promoting AD micro-ecological treatment.

The invention relates to the field of bioelectricity data processing, and discloses a tumor cell metabolite distribution three-dimensional reconstruction method and system based on artificial intelligence, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the multi-modal data of tumor cells, recognizing the entity elements of the tumor cells and the corresponding entity relationship from the multi-modal data, and obtaining the entity relationship of the entity elements of the tumor cells; constructing a metabolite knowledge map of the tumor cells; according to the space coordinates of the metabolites and the microenvironment characteristic data of the tumor cells, analyzing a space aggregation mode of the metabolites in the tumor cells; in combination with the spatial distribution mode and the biological metabolic pathway of the metabolites, key features of the metabolites in the tumor cells are extracted, and a metabolite distribution discrimination network of the tumor cells is established; and identifying an abnormal distribution mode of the metabolite in the tumor cells, constructing a metabolite distribution three-dimensional model of the tumor cells, and outputting a metabolite three-dimensional distribution result of the tumor cells. According to the method, the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the three-dimensional distribution result of the tumor cell metabolites can be improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of teasel breeding, and discloses a teasel germplasm resource multi-character collaborative screening breeding method, which comprises the following steps: multi-omics data acquisition: extracting teasel germplasm leaf DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), and capturing exon regions of disease resistance and metabolism related genes by adopting a targeted sequencing technology to obtain an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) marker matrix; the method comprises the following steps: collecting root extracts, detecting medicinal components through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and constructing a metabolite abundance matrix; measuring phenotype data of plant height, root length, root weight, root rot morbidity and survival rate under drought stress; key site and metabolite correlation analysis: constructing a Bayesian network containing SNP markers, metabolite and phenotypes by using a graph database, and carrying out cross validation through a leave-one-out method. The dipsacus asper germplasm resource multi-character collaborative screening breeding method aims at solving the problem that a traditional breeding method lacks systematic integration analysis of genomes and metabolic pathways in dipsacus asper multi-character collaborative improvement.

The present disclosure relates to the identification of a group of microorganisms, which are relatively abundant in the microbial communities associated with fruits and vegetables typically consumed raw and therefore transient or permanent members of the human microbiota. These microbes are used to augment the effects of additional probiotic strains. The consumption of mixtures of these microbes at relevant doses will produce a beneficial effect in the host. Therapeutic methods of the disclosure involve the use of live microorganisms or metabolites derived from said microorganisms to establish a microbial composition in the mammalian host that will provide a health benefit to a mammal in need thereof.

The invention discloses a method for detecting antipsychotic drugs and metabolites thereof in a sample and a kit thereof, and relates to the technical field of biological detection.The kit comprises calibrators, quality control products, internal standard solutions and protein precipitators of 13 to-be-detected substances, and the protein precipitators comprise a zinc sulfate aqueous solution containing methanol, 13 analytes can be simultaneously detected, the separation degree of the to-be-detected substance is high, the detection time is short, the required sample size is small, and the method is suitable for TDM high-throughput detection of common antipsychotic drugs.

The invention discloses a lake eutrophication biological treatment system and a dynamic method based on multi-dimensional cooperative regulation and control. Exogenous pollution control, layered biological manipulation and artificial intelligence dynamic feedback are fused, and the method is particularly suitable for moderate eutrophication water bodies with nitrogen and phosphorus exogenous input not completely cut off. According to the gradient filling structure, macromolecular organic matters are intercepted by using shallow coarse particles, and middle / fine particles specially attack phosphate adsorption, so that graded removal of pollutants is realized; fish ingestion and benthic organism disturbance have a synergistic effect, secondary pollution of aquatic plant litter degradation to a water body is reduced, transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus from the water body and plant litters to animal objects is promoted, and the coupled system can reduce the phosphorus release rate of bottom mud, improve the stability of FePO4 precipitation and synchronously degrade sulfides and organic matters in the bottom mud; electric shock damage to benthic organisms is avoided through the micro-current intensity, sulfur metabolites can be used as a nutrient source of submerged plants, and biological self-purification and resource utilization of eutrophic water are achieved.

The invention relates to a quinazoline compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Specifically, the invention relates to a compound as shown in a formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, polymorphic substance, solvate, N-oxide, isotope labeled compound, metabolite or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, the stereoisomer, the tautomer, the polymorphic substance, the solvate, the N-oxide, the isotope labeled compound, the metabolite or the prodrug thereof. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the compound and application of the compound in preparation of drugs for preventing or treating KRAS G12D-mediated related diseases. # imgabs0 #

This invention discloses a microbial inoculant for controlling peanut root rot and its preparation method, belonging to the field of microbial materials technology. This invention screened and obtained a *Trichoderma harzianum* strain with highly efficient inhibitory effects against the pathogen causing peanut root rot. Firstly, the strain itself exhibits antagonistic activity against the peanut pathogen. Secondly, it was prepared as a spore suspension and fermented in solid-state with rice husks and wheat bran. During the solid-state fermentation process, the metabolites produced by *Trichoderma harzianum* promote the growth and development of plant roots, increasing plant biomass and yield. This microbial inoculant effectively controls peanut root rot, exhibiting good inhibitory effects against the pathogen, thus improving peanut quality and disease resistance. Furthermore, it improves soil ecological activity to a certain extent, making it worthy of application and promotion.

The invention relates to a double-active-component acute myelogenous leukemia resisting drug and application thereof. The active components of the double-active-component acute myelogenous leukemia resisting drug are composed of a first active component and a second active component, the first active component is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of simvastatin, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate and metabolite of simvastatin; and the second active component is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of Selanisole, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, isomers, solvates and metabolites of the Selanisole. Research finds that combination of simvastatin and Senanisole not only can reduce the dosage of simvastatin or Senanisole and improve the medication safety, but also has the effect of improving or treating acute myelogenous leukemia more remarkably compared with single simvastatin or Senanisole, and plays a synergistic promotion effect.

The invention relates to a PLpro protease small-molecule inhibitor for treating or preventing coronavirus infection and application of the PLpro protease small-molecule inhibitor. Specifically, the invention relates to a compound shown as a formula (I) or an isotope labeled compound thereof, or an optical isomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer or an isomer mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof, or a metabolite thereof, and the use thereof in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing coronavirus infection or diseases or symptoms caused by coronavirus.

The invention relates to the technical field of biological medicine, and discloses a formula of compound probiotic enzyme powder for promoting gastrointestinal microecological balance and nutrient absorption, by constructing a cross feeding system of bifidobacteria, lactobacillus and butyric acid bacteria and combining a stomach-intestine stage enzyme activity gradient adaptation strategy and a microenvironment response type double-layer embedding technology, the gastrointestinal microecological balance and nutrient absorption can be promoted, and the gastrointestinal microecological balance and nutrient absorption can be promoted. And cross-scale synergy of flora metabolism, substrate conversion and targeted release is realized. Wherein the sodium alginate-pectin composite embedding structure forms a pH buffer micro-area in a gastric acid environment, and proton pump gene expression of the acid-resistant strain is synchronously triggered; the prebiotics compounding and step-by-step enzymolysis process breaks through a closed-loop path of fiber degradation-flora proliferation-short-chain fatty acid generation. Compared with a traditional single-strain intervention scheme, the method has the advantages that double limitations of flora function splitting and process isolation are broken through, and systematic technical advantages are formed in the aspects of improving flora colonization stability, enhancing metabolite conversion efficiency and inhibiting pathogenic bacterium colonization.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a sleep peptide and differential metabolite detection method for caenorhabditis elegans, belongs to the technical field of organism metabolism, and aims to research sleep-awakening key metabolite of caenorhabditis elegans and a regulation mechanism of the sleep-awakening key metabolite. According to the sleep peptide for caenorhabditis elegans, the sleep peptide is an F4 monomer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Compared with the prior art, the sleep and awakening process of the caenorhabditis elegans under the intervention of the goat milk-derived sleep peptide is analyzed through a metabonomics technology, the key metabolite for regulating and controlling sleep and awakening is successfully screened out, and a core metabolic pathway related to the key metabolite is disclosed. The application also constructs a metabolite-pathway-target regulation framework, fills the blank of sleep research in the aspect of metabolic regulation, provides a scientific basis for a sleep intervention strategy based on metabolic regulation, and also lays a foundation for developing metabolic markers of sleep states in the future.

The invention discloses a method for constructing a multicellular living body material by adopting a droplet bioreactor, which belongs to the crossing field of biological materials and microbial engineering, and comprises the following steps: (1) resuspending different cells in different polymer solutions to prepare degradable or phase-separable hydrogel particles containing cells; (2) dispersing the hydrogel particles in a cross-linkable hydrogel matrix to form a composite hydrogel; and (3) curing the composite hydrogel, and then carrying out degradation treatment to obtain the liquid cavity structure multicellular system bioreactor with spatial partition and dynamic interaction characteristics. According to the invention, ordered distribution and metabolism synergy of different microorganisms in space can be realized, controllable degradability and excellent mass transfer performance are realized, bacterial slow release and metabolite exchange can be maintained, and the method is suitable for long-term stable operation of a continuous flow reactor. The method has wide application prospects in the fields of green biological manufacturing, renewable energy source production, environmental restoration, biomedical engineering and the like.

The invention discloses Mucor abundans and application of the Mucor abundans, the strain number of the Mucor abundans is JSAFC 2484, the Mucor abundans is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on May 6, 2025, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 41979. The Mucor abundans can be applied to the field of biological engineering. The biocontrol bacterium Mucor abundans JSAFC 2484 provided by the invention can effectively inhibit the growth of Fusarium equiseti, the inhibition rate of plate confrontation culture reaches 68.52%, meanwhile, extracellular metabolites secreted by the biocontrol bacterium Mucor abundans JSAFC 2484 can also significantly reduce the growth of the Fusarium equiseti, when the concentration of the extracellular metabolites of the JSAFC 2484 is 10 mL / 100 mL, the inhibition rate of the Fusarium equiseti reaches 76.35%, and when the concentration of the extracellular metabolites of the JSAFC 2484 is 100 mL / 100 mL, the inhibition rate of the Fusarium equiseti reaches 79.05%. Meanwhile, the plant growth promoting effect is achieved on pepper plants.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and discloses a Lactobacillus paracasei B20 for inhibiting melanin from a plateau area and application of the Lactobacillus paracasei B20, the Lactobacillus paracasei B20 is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC No.32434, and the preservation date is October 31, 2024. Metabolite of the lactobacillus paracasei B20 comprises phenylalanine, p-hydroxycinnamic acid and the like, has strong tyrosinase inhibition effect and anti-ultraviolet ability, and can significantly reduce generation of melanin in skin. In addition, the lactobacillus paracasei B20 also has relatively strong oxidation resistance, has good tolerance in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice, and can smoothly reach the intestinal tract of a human body. In addition, the lactobacillus paracasei B20 has a relatively obvious growth inhibition effect on skin conditioned pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis.

The invention provides a lactobacillus pentosus and a preparation method and application of bacteriocin of the lactobacillus pentosus. The name of the strain is lactobacillus pentosus YCL31, and the strain is preserved in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC) on June 25, 2025, the preservation address is the 5th floor of the building 59, No. 100 courtyard, Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, and the preservation number is GDMCC No: 66589. The bacteriocin separated and purified from the metabolite of the bacterium can destroy the morphological structure of the vibrio parahemolyticus and inhibit the toxicity of the vibrio parahemolyticus, can also achieve the effect of remarkably inactivating the vibrio parahemolyticus in a metapenaeus ensis system, can effectively delay the spoilage of the metapenaeus ensis, and has a good application prospect as a bacteriostatic agent or preservative. Therefore, development and application of the novel bacteriocin have important reference value in related fields.

The invention discloses intestinal bacteria and serum metabolites which can be used as biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus (prediabetes mellitus (PDM), new diagnosis diabetes mellitus (NDDM) and diabetes mellitus (P2DM) after medication) in different disease stages, and application of the intestinal bacteria and the serum metabolites. Aiming at type 2 diabetes mellitus, predictive markers including staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, branched chain amino acids (leucine, valine and isoleucine) and the like, especially staphylococcus aureus of which the genome contains acetolactate synthase (ALS), are efficiently screened out. The type 2 diabetes mellitus marker disclosed by the invention can be used for early warning the illness risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and guiding the adjustment of an intestinal microbial environment; the method can be used for indicating the correlation between the intestinal microbial environment and the type 2 diabetes mellitus and is used for assisting diagnosis; and drug action target research, accurate medication, pathogenesis research and the like are realized.