2202results about How to "Improve understanding" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of database construction, in particular to a knowledge base question-answering system construction method and device, equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a user question instruction, and performing part-of-speech tagging and keyword vectorization on a target text to generate a retrieval text keyword vector; performing semantic linear embedding and spatial projection processing on the keyword vectors to obtain keyword semantic vectors; logic mining is conducted on the keywords, a logic relation set among the keywords is obtained, logic recognition is conducted on the target text based on the relations, and retrieval text logic is generated; performing matching retrieval with semantic vectors in a knowledge base to obtain a candidate semantic query data set; and performing coherent logic retrieval on the candidate data set according to the retrieval text logic and the keyword vector to generate a final retrieval target answer. According to the method and the system, more accurate and efficient knowledge base question-answering system construction is realized.

The invention discloses a method and system for generating enhanced knowledge questions and answers for heterogeneous database mixed retrieval, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) processing text data, and constructing a heterogeneous database; (2) receiving user query, and performing mixed retrieval in the heterogeneous database; the retrieval results are merged, and documents and triple information related to user query are obtained; (3) reordering the retrieved documents and triple information by using a reordering model, and selecting K retrieval results with the highest relevancy with user query; and (4) combining user query and retrieval results, constructing cue words, inputting the cue words into the large language model, and generating coherent and accurate natural language answers. By means of the method and device, more comprehensive and accurate information retrieval can be achieved, and the accuracy and reliability of knowledge question and answer results are improved.

The invention provides a machine room energy consumption optimization method and system based on temperature monitoring, and relates to the technical field of energy consumption optimization, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the temperature data of a machine room in real time, continuously monitoring the temperature gradient of each region, carrying out the fusion processing, and constructing a three-dimensional dynamic temperature distribution model; a hot spot area, an airflow dead angle and a cooling capacity waste area are identified through a deep learning algorithm, a flowing track and a mixing process of cold and hot air in a machine room are predicted through a track regression neural network in combination with machine room layout and equipment distribution, and a machine room temperature control strategy set is generated through adaptive neural fuzzy reasoning, correction and updating of a prediction result; and by taking minimum energy consumption and maximum refrigeration efficiency as optimization objectives and taking a safe operation temperature range of equipment in the machine room as a constraint condition, a plurality of parameters are jointly adjusted through a temperature control optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal temperature control curve, and the optimal temperature control curve is converted into a refrigeration system control instruction, so that collaborative optimization of the temperature and the energy consumption of the machine room is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Vehicles, and discloses a holographic road network and Internet of Vehicles fusion method and device, equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of obtaining multi-source heterogeneous data collected by a target sensor, and performing adaptive multi-modal preprocessing on the multi-source heterogeneous data; performing space-time alignment and hierarchical structure recombination on the preprocessed multi-source heterogeneous data to obtain multi-source traffic recombination data; extracting multi-scale spatio-temporal features in the multi-source traffic recombination data, and performing multi-level semantic association, deep probability fusion and uncertainty modeling on the multi-source traffic recombination data based on the extracted traffic feature vector set and the preliminary dynamic traffic knowledge representation to obtain traffic perception probability distribution; and a high-precision dynamic semantic map is constructed based on traffic perception probability distribution, and fused multi-resolution map representation is obtained. According to the invention, the fusion of the holographic road network and the Internet of Vehicles multi-source data is realized, and the accuracy of the traffic characteristic data in the fusion result is improved.

The invention provides a plasticizing product recommendation method and system based on user demands, and relates to the technical field of plasticizing product recommendation, and the method comprises the steps: S1, constructing a plasticizing industry knowledge graph; s2, acquiring user historical data and current user requirements, including historical search data, historical browsing data, historical interaction data and historical transaction data; s3, preprocessing the historical data of the user, analyzing the preprocessed historical data of the user, and extracting historical demand features; s4, performing keyword extraction on the current user demand by utilizing the semantic understanding model, and generating an optimized query condition in combination with the chemical and plastic industry knowledge graph; s5, searching in a plasticizing product database by utilizing the optimized query condition to obtain a first list; and S6, carrying out personalized sorting on the first list by utilizing the chemical and plastic industry knowledge graph, generating a recommendation list from the first k lists, and presenting the recommendation list to the user. According to the invention, the relevance and accuracy of recommendation can be improved, so that the user experience is improved.

The invention discloses a memory retrieval method for enhancing multi-modal long-context dialogue ability of a large language model. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out self-adaptive segmentation based on information density on an original multi-modal dialogue sequence and extracting local features; constructing a three-layer feature pyramid structure to realize multi-scale feature representation; the time sequence expression capability of the features is enhanced through feature compression and time sequence dependency graph modeling; constructing a memory vector sequence based on feature stability evaluation; carrying out structured representation on the query data and carrying out multi-level interaction with the memory vector; efficient retrieval is realized through hierarchical indexing and multi-dimensional similarity calculation; the memory sequence is periodically optimized based on user feedback. According to the method, the multi-modal information understanding and retrieval capability of the model in a long dialogue scene can be effectively improved, and the method has important practical application value.

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial intelligence, and relates to a power document intelligent question and answer method and system based on a large language model. The method comprises the steps of obtaining document data according to a preset period; preprocessing the document data to obtain an adaptive document; constructing a vector retrieval library through an embedded model according to the adaptive document; obtaining a user query question, inputting the user query question into a vector retrieval library, performing retrieval based on a vector similarity retrieval method and a keyword retrieval method to obtain related text blocks, and screening out the most related text block from the related text blocks through a two-stage rearrangement technology; a user queries the question and the most relevant text block and inputs the question and the most relevant text block into the large language model to obtain preliminary intelligent answer information; and correcting the preliminary intelligent answer information based on a preset self-provincial inversion mechanism to obtain final intelligent answer information. Multiple rounds of questions and answers and context understanding are supported based on a correction mechanism, context consistency can be kept in continuous query of complex technical questions, and the accuracy of multiple rounds of questions and responses is ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of model construction, in particular to an obstetric delivery decision model construction method based on a knowledge graph. The method comprises the following steps that multi-dimensional information collection is conducted on a pregnant woman to be delivered, individualized data are obtained, and the multi-dimensional information comprises a medical record text, a laboratory examination result, an ultrasonic image and fetal heart rate monitoring data; performing standardization and structural processing on the individualized data to generate a standardized multi-modal data set; performing entity identification and relation extraction processing on the standardized multi-modal data set according to a preset obstetrical domain ontology model to obtain an initial knowledge graph; and carrying out priori knowledge-based mapping expansion on the initial mapping knowledge domain to obtain a multi-modal mapping knowledge domain. Through an attention mechanism and a decision support interface, the interpretability of the model is enhanced, and doctors can understand and trust decision suggestions.

The invention provides a power system operation state intelligent monitoring method and system, and relates to the technical field of power data monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining multi-source heterogeneous operation data, obtaining a standard operation data set, adaptively extracting high-order multi-modal feature representation through a confidence weighted fusion method, and obtaining an operation state multi-modal feature set. Constructing an intelligent monitoring cognitive map by learning topological association characteristics and semantic association rules of the running state; mapping the real-time operation data into an intelligent monitoring cognitive map, dynamically sensing an operation state spatio-temporal evolution rule through a spatio-temporal dependence modeling unit and a graph feature propagation unit in an operation state graph learning model, and generating a prediction and diagnosis result; and learning and generating an optimal control strategy of the power system through a depth deterministic strategy gradient algorithm, decoupling the optimal control strategy of the power system into a plurality of local sub-strategies, issuing the local sub-strategies to corresponding power control equipment, and obtaining a distributed cooperative control scheme through a federated learning algorithm.

The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring method and system based on the Internet of Things, a medium and a program product, and the method comprises the steps: abstracting a monitoring region into a dynamic graph structure, and obtaining a self-adaptive monitoring scene graph; fusing at least one piece of video data and at least one kind of data of other sensors at each node to form a multi-mode sensing network; carrying out distributed feature extraction on the multi-modal sensing data to obtain data features, and compressing the data features into low-dimensional vectors; constructing a space-time knowledge graph; executing an anomaly detection algorithm on a preset number of spatial scales; matching a corresponding adjustment mode in a preset adjustment scheme according to the type and the degree of the abnormal event, and adjusting the numerical weights of the nodes and the edges to obtain an adjusted adaptive monitoring scene graph; and according to the adjusted adaptive monitoring scene graph and the numerical value weight corresponding to the node, synchronously adjusting the working parameters of all the cameras of the Internet of Things and other sensors. According to the invention, the integrity and comprehensiveness of the monitoring data acquired by the Internet of Things camera equipment are improved.

The invention provides a ship design knowledge retrieval method and system based on a multi-modal knowledge graph. The method comprises the steps of collecting and constructing a ship design set from the ship design field; forming a hierarchical multi-modal knowledge graph for describing a ship design field concept, physical characteristics and design specifications; enhancing association among different modal data through vector similarity calculation; the hierarchical multi-modal knowledge graph is integrated into a ChatGLM model; positioning knowledge nodes related to user demands in the hierarchical multi-modal knowledge graph; matching and positioning the ship design knowledge related to the query content of the user, and feeding back the ship design knowledge obtained by the intelligent semantic retrieval to the user in a hierarchical form. According to the method, ship design knowledge retrieval based on the multi-modal knowledge graph enhanced ChatGLM is realized, and the information acquisition efficiency of engineering designers and the practical application value of the system are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power data security management and intelligent question answering, and particularly relates to an electric power data security policy large model question answering system and method based on relation pooling. The system comprises a power data security policy knowledge base, a language model, a question processing module, an answer generation module and a user output module. Data of the electric power data security policy knowledge base comes from an electric power data security policy file; the language model converts a natural language problem into a structured query for knowledge base retrieval; the question processing module retrieves policy terms related to the natural language question to serve as retrieval results; the answer generation module generates a final answer according to the natural language question and a retrieval result of the knowledge base; by introducing the intelligent question-answering system combining the large language model and the knowledge base, the problems of low efficiency, inaccurate interpretation, incapability of dynamically updating and the like in the existing power data security policy query and management are solved.

The invention discloses a multi-modal document structured processing and knowledge extraction method based on a large language model. The method comprises the following steps: S1, receiving an input multi-modal document; s2, performing preprocessing on the text data in the multi-mode document; s3, performing feature extraction on non-text data in the multi-mode document; s4, performing multi-modal data fusion on the preprocessed text data and the non-text data after feature extraction; s5, performing deep semantic analysis on the fused multi-modal data through a pre-trained improved BERT model, wherein the deep semantic analysis comprises key entity recognition, relation extraction and event detection; s6, based on a deep semantic analysis result, automatically constructing a knowledge graph by using the extracted information; and S7, outputting the data of the knowledge graph in a format for analysis or application. According to the method and the system, structured processing and knowledge extraction of unstructured and multi-modal documents are realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of network security, and provides a network security threat tracing method and system based on association analysis, and the technical scheme is as follows: constructing a network security situation map based on multi-source network security data, and performing association analysis on attack elements by adopting a graph mining algorithm based on the network security situation map to obtain an association analysis result, based on the correlation analysis result, the multi-path traceability strategy is used for tracing the attack and determining the attack source and the propagation path, potential threats can be automatically identified, risks can be evaluated, the optimal attack path can be found out, the accuracy and traceability efficiency of threat identification are improved, and a basis is provided for subsequent defense and countermeasures.

The invention relates to the technical field of database retrieval, in particular to a knowledge database retrieval method based on feature extraction. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a document to be retrieved, performing local hash de-duplication processing and extracting multi-modal features, performing feature spectrum clustering processing and associated entity analysis on the extracted features, generating a feature associated entity structure, performing document topic modeling and semantic direction positioning, and extracting a semantic topic of the document. The method comprises the following steps: performing word vector retrieval on a to-be-retrieved document and a knowledge database by utilizing a document semantic topic, generating word vector retrieval data, performing sentence vector retrieval, generating a final document retrieval result, integrating word vectors and the document retrieval result, and executing feature retrieval of the knowledge database through an intelligent retrieval engine, thereby realizing efficient knowledge query. The knowledge database retrieval method is more intelligent and more accurate.

The invention discloses a real-time three-dimensional modeling method and system based on 5G flight control and a medium, and belongs to the field of three-dimensional modeling, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a modeling demand and task environment parameters of a user, and planning a route; controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly according to the planned route; judging whether the position data and the attitude data of the unmanned aerial vehicle at each waypoint are within a preset threshold range, and if so, controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to collect image data of the target area; the collected image data is preprocessed; extracting feature point data of the target area by utilizing machine learning according to the preprocessed image data; converting the feature point data of the target area into sparse point clouds by using a triangulation algorithm; converting the sparse point clouds into dense point clouds through an MVS algorithm; and according to the pre-processed dense point cloud, a Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm is adopted to establish a three-dimensional grid model of the target area. Aiming at the low precision of unmanned aerial vehicle three-dimensional modeling in the prior art, the method improves the precision of unmanned aerial vehicle three-dimensional modeling.

The invention discloses a generation and evaluation method for acquiring long text description from a laparoscopic surgery image, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a cue word containing the laparoscopic surgery image, short text description, a target bounding box and surgery knowledge, and constructing long text description data by utilizing a large language model based on the cue word; constructing an image long text description generation model which comprises a pre-trained visual encoder, a visual feature query converter, a language decoder and an external operation concept vector database; performing supervised training on the image long text description generation model by using the long text description data; constructing a long text description evaluation method to evaluate the trained model; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an input laparoscope image video stream through a laparoscope image system, and screening a key frame as a to-be-processed image; and inputting a to-be-processed image into the trained and evaluated model to obtain an image long text description result. According to the method, the ability of understanding operation details in the image can be enhanced, and more comprehensive operation image description can be generated.

The invention provides an intelligent garden environment monitoring data analysis method and system. Sensors are deployed to collect temperature, humidity and other data in real time to form a data set. Analyzing an environment parameter change mode of each region by adopting a time sequence clustering algorithm, and determining characteristics and trends; and carrying out dimension reduction on the data by using a multi-dimensional scale transformation algorithm to a three-dimensional space for visualization, and generating an environment state map. And evaluating the plant fitness in combination with a plant physiological ecology knowledge base, and generating a scoring matrix to guide the preliminary layout scheme. And dynamically adjusting the layout by applying reinforcement learning, selecting an optimal scheme, and predicting a future environmental evolution path based on the optimal scheme and historical data. An automatic control system framework is constructed, a self-adaptive control algorithm is designed, intelligent regulation and control of plant layout are realized, garden management efficiency is improved, and ecological protection and sustainable development are promoted. Therefore, full-chain intelligent management from environment monitoring to plant layout optimization is realized, and the intelligent level of garden environment monitoring and management is remarkably improved.

The invention provides an unstructured data automatic processing method and system based on deep learning, and relates to the technical field of data processing, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining unstructured data through an intelligent data collector, building a data feature fingerprint database, constructing a data quality evaluation model through an incremental learning algorithm, and carrying out the data standardization processing; extracting dominant features and recessive features by using a multi-layer cascade network structure and a self-attention mechanism, and constructing a feature association graph and a bidirectional reasoning channel; and performing rule matching and causal reasoning based on the domain knowledge base, and finally realizing automatic structuring of the unstructured data. According to the method, the automation degree and the accuracy of data processing are improved, the manual intervention cost is reduced, and the method has relatively high universality and expandability.

The invention belongs to the technical field of data detection, and particularly relates to an efficient data anomaly automatic detection and alarm system. The detection and alarm system comprises a sensor and data acquisition device, a data processing and analysis module, an alarm module, a monitoring center and visual interface, a communication and network module, a storage and backup module, an intelligent decision support module and a user feedback and adjustment module. According to the system, data can be monitored and analyzed in real time, abnormity can be quickly found, an alarm is given, manual monitoring requirements are reduced, data misjudgment is avoided, data accuracy is ensured through data cleaning and processing, an intelligent decision support module provides optimization suggestions based on AI, and a user can adjust rules to adapt to requirements. The system has the functions of data processing, anomaly recognition and trend prediction, the monitoring center visually displays the state, the storage and backup module ensures long-term storage of data, the automatic mechanism improves the response speed and the operation benefits, and the adaptability is high.

The invention discloses a system for realizing crop intelligent identification based on a CLIP multi-mode method, and belongs to the technical field of crop identification, and the method specifically comprises the steps: collecting real-time images, text description and environment data of crops; performing image processing on the real-time image; a CLIP model is used for carrying out feature extraction on the image and text description, visual features are extracted from the image, semantic features are extracted from the text, the text description comprises crop types and symptom description of diseases and pests, the environment data and the visual features are fused, and a multi-modal feature vector is generated; the multi-modal feature vectors are classified by using a pre-trained classifier, specific crop types and pest and disease damage types are identified according to extracted multi-modal features, identification results are displayed to users through a visual interface, and information is fed back to a monitoring center; according to the method, visual, semantic and environmental features are fused, so that the accuracy of crop disease and insect pest recognition is remarkably improved.

The invention provides a multi-modal sentiment analysis method and system based on attention and graph enhanced text, and belongs to the technical field of multi-modal sentiment analysis. The method comprises the steps of obtaining text features, image features and voice features in video data and performing preprocessing; an adaptive cross-modal interaction module is adopted to calculate attention weights between the text features and the image features and between the text features and the voice features, and enhanced text features are obtained; inputting the enhanced text features into a hierarchical multi-modal graph fusion network, and constructing an adjacent matrix by using a self-attention mechanism; inputting the adjacent matrix and the enhanced text features into a jump connection graph convolutional network to obtain a final feature matrix; and combining the feature matrix with the adjacent matrix, and obtaining a prediction result of sentiment analysis by using an encoder and a classifier. The problem of deficiency in context alignment among different modes is solved, and emotion polarity prediction is performed more comprehensively and accurately.

The invention belongs to the field of artificial intelligence and finance, and relates to a text classification method, which comprises the following steps: preprocessing an original text data set, labeling classification labels to obtain a labeled text data set, inputting a training set into a large language model for keyword extraction to obtain a candidate keyword set, cleaning the candidate keyword set to obtain a classification keyword set, constructing an instruction template based on the classification keyword set, and inputting the training set and the instruction template into a large language model to obtain a prediction classification result; and based on a prediction classification result and a loss function between the classification labels, performing fine tuning on the large language model to obtain a fine tuning model, evaluating that the fine tuning model is qualified to obtain a text classification model, and inputting the to-be-classified text into the text classification model for classification. The invention further provides a text classification device, computer equipment and a storage medium. In addition, the invention also relates to a block chain technology, and the tagged text data set can be stored in a block chain. According to the method, the text classification accuracy and stability can be improved.

The invention relates to an intelligent semantic analysis knowledge graph system for multi-source heterogeneous data. The system comprises a data preprocessing module used for preprocessing to-be-processed multi-source heterogeneous data to obtain format-standardized text data; the semantic analysis module is used for performing natural language processing on the text data to obtain words, and then performing vocabulary layer, syntactic layer and semantic layer analysis on the text data and the words to obtain structured data; the structured data comprises a triple consisting of entities, relationships and events and a network diagram of the entities and the relationships; the model structure mapping module is used for mapping the structured data into a predefined structure of a knowledge graph to obtain structured graph data; and the knowledge graph module analyzes entities and relationships in the graph data, performs reasoning to obtain potential relationships in the graph data by utilizing a logic rule and a machine learning algorithm, realizes cross-data-source and cross-document deep semantic association, and improves the efficiency of large-scale data processing and knowledge management.

The invention relates to the technical field of ozone concentration prediction, in particular to an ozone concentration prediction method, device, equipment and medium based on a space-time diagram convolutional network model.The method comprises the steps that historical ozone concentration and meteorological data of a target area are obtained, and training and prediction samples are constructed after standardization; a space diagram structure is established, nodes represent monitoring points, and edges represent the monitoring points with correlation exceeding a threshold value; extracting a spatial dependency relationship by adopting GCN and GAT, and generating time sequence data; tCN or RNN is adopted to extract time-dependent features, and spatial-temporal feature comprehensive representation is obtained; training a model by utilizing the training sample and the spatial-temporal characteristics, adopting MSE (mean square error) as a loss function, adjusting parameters by an Adam optimizer, and optimizing hyper-parameters to minimize errors; newest meteorological and historical data are input, future ozone concentration is predicted, GNN extracts spatial features, RNN processes a time sequence, time sequence data can be processed in parallel through convolution operation, and high calculation efficiency is achieved.

The invention provides a lottery store violation abnormity identification method and system, and relates to the technical field of image identification, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multi-source heterogeneous image data in real time through an edge computing device; preprocessing the collected multi-source heterogeneous image data to form a stereo image data set containing space, depth and thermodynamic information; constructing a multi-task deep learning model, wherein the multi-task deep learning model comprises a face recognition module, a behavior analysis module and an environment detection module; inputting the three-dimensional image data set into the trained multi-task deep learning model, and executing face recognition, behavior analysis and environment detection tasks at the same time; based on an execution result of the multi-task deep learning model, generating a violation score by applying a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and weighting by considering historical violation records; and generating a lottery store site investigation plan based on the violation scoring result.

The invention relates to the technical field of camera adjustment, in particular to a camera adaptive adjustment method and system and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a multi-source environment sensing data set and an initial environment image; performing environment feature recognition on the initial environment image according to the multi-source environment sensing data set to obtain a scene environment feature map; performing semantic scene segmentation on the scene environment feature map to obtain a semantic scene macroscopic feature map; performing time sequence attention target tracking on the scene environment feature map to obtain a target vehicle motion feature map; performing feature constraint fusion on the semantic scene macroscopic feature map and the target vehicle motion feature map to obtain a target vehicle-scene motion semantic map; and performing parameter adjustment on the camera according to the target vehicle-scene motion semantic map to obtain a camera parameter adjustment strategy set. According to the invention, the performance and the image quality of the camera in a changeable environment are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of image classification, in particular to a fetal heart monitoring image classification method and system based on a neural network. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a fetal heart monitoring image, generating a standard monitoring image through Gaussian noise elimination and spatial domain normalization, then performing multi-channel convolution on the standard image to extract image convolution features, obtaining standard fetal heart features through compression regular optimization, performing morphological reconstruction to generate a fetal heart dynamic model, and finally obtaining the fetal heart dynamic model. Baseline features are identified based on historical data, then periodic variation quantification and safe floating range derivation are performed on fusion features, and finally a multi-scale discrimination framework is constructed to realize intelligent classification of fetal heart monitoring images. The fetal heart monitoring image classification method is more stable and more accurate.

The invention discloses an Internet of Things equipment access protocol component development method, which is used for quickly developing an Internet of Things equipment access protocol analysis and processing component at an Internet of Things platform side, and comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a protocol analysis and processing general framework according to the protocol analysis and processing component of an Internet of Things platform; s2, abstracting a specific logic processing part of a protocol in the general framework into a method / function interface; s3, constructing a protocol expert AI knowledge base for data learning; s4, constructing an AI large model and a multi-agent processing flow, selecting a specified large model, configuring related parameters, extracting required parameter extraction / coding logic, and generating an interface implementation code; s5, integrating each generated interface implementation code with the universal framework; and S6, testing, adjusting and optimizing the integrated access protocol analysis and processing component. According to the method, the unified development template can be provided, so that the development technical threshold is reduced, and the development efficiency is greatly improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of question answering systems. The question answering system comprises a language understanding generation module, a multi-agent coordination module, a knowledge graph retrieval module, an emotion analysis adaptation module, a virtual reality interaction module, a time travel simulation module, a cross-language processing module and a future prediction reasoning module. The language understanding generation module is used for semantic analysis and response generation; the multi-agent coordination module is used for agent distribution and agent interaction; according to the multi-agent question answering system based on the large language model, through deep semantic analysis of the large language model, the intention and key information of a user question can be accurately understood, and according to the type and field of the question, the most suitable agent can be dynamically allocated for answering; necessary communication and cooperation can be carried out among a plurality of agents, information circulation and answer consistency are ensured, a cross-domain knowledge graph is constructed, and rich knowledge support is provided for answer of complex questions.