The invention discloses a Hash image retrieval method based on deep learning and low-rank matrix optimization, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining image data, carrying out themarking and preprocessing of the data, constructing a data set of image retrieval, and dividing the data set into a training set and a test set; S2, constructing a deep feature extraction network, andconstructing a deep Hash network trunk; S3, inputting the training set into a deep Hash network trunk, and constructing a Hash network based on a maximum probability likelihood and a low-rank regularization loss function; S4, training the Hash network; S5, respectively inputting the test set image and the training set image into a Hash network, generating a binary Hash code, and calculating a mutual Hamming distance; and S6, returning a picture with the minimum Hamming distance in the training set as a retrieval result. According to the image retrieval method based on Hash representation, theproblems of ring breakage of similarity information and large quantization error caused by the fact that binary continuous value features are directly coded into a Hamming space are solved, and the performance of the image retrieval method based on Hash representation is improved.