The invention discloses a performance monitoring and fault positioning method based on a service. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of a, defining a service parameter; b, acquiring network data; c, performing data statistics; d, performing data storage; e, performing correlation analysis; and f, displaying a result. The performance monitoring and fault positioning method has advantages of directly obtaining the parameter or the result of various states in an information flow or data flow which is transmitted in a network, realizing definite acquisition of interested service state, state appearance position and state appearance time by operation maintenance personnel, settling defects in prior art, performing automatic retrieval on the whole system according to a preset instruction, finding out data flow abnormity in the network system for performing automatic alarming, performing tracking and backtracking and/or positioning on the state in the network system, realizing management, operation and maintenance of a service-related system of an enterprise, and realizing integral efficiency improvement and safety improvement of the enterprise.