440results about How to "Improve electrochemical performance" patented technology

The invention relates to an S-doped g-C3N4 coated modified graphite material, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery negative electrode. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a g-C3N4 precursor with a sulfur source, and then carrying out heat treatment under the condition of shielding gas to obtain sulfur-doped graphite phase carbon nitride S-g-C3N4; carrying out plasma modification treatment on the surface of the graphite material by adopting plasma reaction gas to obtain modified graphite; mixing S-g-C3N4 with the modified graphite to obtain a mixed material; and calcining the mixed material in a protective gas environment to obtain the S-doped g-C3N4 coated modified graphite material. The invention also provides the graphite material prepared by the method and a lithium ion battery negative electrode prepared from the graphite material. The graphite material has relatively high conductivity, interface compatibility and structural stability.

The invention discloses petroleum coke, a silicon carbon material, a silicon composite negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out first solid removal treatment on a first heavy oil raw material to obtain first purified heavy oil; carrying out second solid removal treatment on the second heavy oil raw material to obtain second purified heavy oil; mixing the second purified heavy oil with nano-porous silicon to obtain third purified heavy oil and heavy oil containing nano-porous silicon; carrying out spray granulation on the heavy oil containing the nano porous silicon to obtain a silicon-carbon precursor and fourth purified heavy oil; mixing the third purified heavy oil, the fourth purified heavy oil and the first purified heavy oil to obtain heavy mixed oil; carrying out distillation, pyrolysis and modification treatment on the heavy mixed oil to obtain petroleum coke; carbonizing the silicon-carbon precursor to obtain a silicon-carbon material; the silicon composite negative electrode material is prepared from petroleum coke and a silicon carbon material. The petroleum coke and the silicon carbon material with relatively high quality can be prepared, and the electrochemical performance of the negative electrode material can be improved.

The application provides a high-entropy lithium iron manganese phosphate material, a preparation method, application and battery. The chemical formula of the high-entropy lithium iron manganese phosphate material is LiFe x Mn y M z N a P 1‑a O4, wherein 0

This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more particularly to solar cells and their fabrication methods. The fabrication method of the solar cell includes the steps of: providing a solar cell having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; performing a first printing, a second printing, and a third printing on the first surface sequentially; the first printing includes printing main grid lines; the second printing includes printing fine grid lines; and the third printing includes printing harpoon lines and / or border lines. The printing paste used for the third printing is a corrosive paste. This application adds a third printing step to print harpoon lines and border lines on the first surface of the solar cell, thus printing the harpoon lines and border lines separately from the main grid lines. Furthermore, the use of a corrosive paste in the third printing increases the current collection capacity in the harpoon line region, avoids clouding phenomena at the edge areas of the solar cell, and thereby improves the electrochemical performance of the solar cell.

The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a hard carbon negative electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. A preparation method of a negative electrode hard carbon material comprises the following steps: carrying out first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic metal catalyst and biomass activated carbon, introducing a gas-phase carbon source and carrying out second heat treatment to obtain first material, and carrying out carbonization treatment and acid pickling treatment on the first material. The method can improve the capacity and initial efficiency of the hard carbon negative electrode material through cooperation of various steps; the method is simple in process and easy to realize large-scale production.

The present invention discloses a carbon matrix composite vanadium nitride nanoarray and a preparation method therefor and use thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: dissolve vanadium pentoxide into an organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution; place a carbon matrix into the mixed solution to undergo a solvothermal reaction and wash and dry a product of the reaction to obtain a precursor; and heat and calcine the precursor in an ammonia atmosphere to obtain the carbon matrix composite vanadium nitride nanoarray. The present invention provides a composite structure of vanadium nitride nanoparticles and a three-dimensional flexible carbon matrix, which can effectively alleviate the volume change generated during an electrode reaction process, significantly improve the cycle life of the battery, provide excellent electrochemical performance, and enhance the charge-discharge efficiency.

The application provides a current collector, comprising a copper foil and a modified coating, the modified coating is arranged on the surface of the copper foil, and the modified coating comprises a Cu-Si composite material which is composed of elemental Cu and elemental Si. Since Cu and Si are both highly conductive substances, the current collector provided by the application adopts the Cu-Si composite material as the modified coating of the foil material, so that the current collector has more excellent contact performance with active substances on the basis of ensuring the conductive performance, is not easy to fall off in the cycle process, and the Cu-Si composite material has excellent electron transport performance, so that the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced, and the rate performance and cycle performance of the battery can be improved.

The application belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of waste lithium-ion power battery, and discloses a deep eutectic lithium supplement and a method for repairing and regenerating positive electrode material of waste lithium-ion battery, wherein the deep eutectic lithium supplement is prepared by taking a solid-state reducing organic acid as a hydrogen bond donor and a solid-state lithium source as a hydrogen bond acceptor, mixing the hydrogen bond donor and the hydrogen bond acceptor, and reacting to obtain a deep eutectic melting state system; and the deep eutectic lithium supplement can be used for repairing and regenerating the positive electrode material of the waste lithium-ion battery. The application can prepare a liquid-state deep eutectic lithium supplement by using a solid-state reducing acid and a solid-state lithium source, is green and friendly, can realize self-limiting lithium supplement without strict control of the lithium supplement amount, has low energy consumption in the lithium supplement process, can greatly reduce the cost, and can be used for repairing and regenerating the positive electrode material of the waste lithium-ion battery.

The application discloses an electrode material based on MOF@COF / BC and application thereof in wastewater treatment and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The electrode material is prepared by the following method: NH2-MIL101(Fe), melamine and phthalocyanine molybdenum are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, reaction is carried out at 160-200 DEG C for 10-14 h, the precipitate is collected after reaction, and washing, drying are carried out to prepare NH2-MIL101(Fe)@Mel-MoPc; the biochar and NH2-MIL101(Fe)@Mel-MoPc are mixed in deionized water, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 8-12 min, stirring is carried out for 10-14 h, then the precipitate is collected by centrifugation, and washing, drying are carried out to prepare the electrode material. The application develops and designs a novel electrode material, which is used for electrocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate to degrade OFX wastewater, and the degradation efficiency of the OFX wastewater is greatly improved.

This invention relates to the field of secondary battery technology, specifically to a silicon-carbon composite material, its preparation method, and a lithium-ion battery. The preparation method of the silicon-carbon composite material includes: reacting an organometallic framework ZIF-8 in a saturated metal salt solution and then evaporating and crystallizing it to obtain a metal salt-coated organometallic framework Salt@ZIF-8; pulverizing a silicon-copper alloy precursor and the Salt@ZIF-8 at a mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.7 to obtain a mixed powder; and subjecting the mixed powder to a pyrolysis reaction and acid leaching treatment to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material. The silicon-carbon composite material obtained by this invention exhibits excellent structural stability and electrochemical performance, effectively mitigating the volume expansion of the silicon anode and improving cycle performance and rate performance.

This invention belongs to the field of hard carbon technology, specifically relating to a bamboo-based and lignin-based hard carbon composite material, its preparation method, and its applications. The process involves pretreating raw materials to obtain pretreated material; pretreating the pretreated material with an acidic oxidant to obtain acidic oxidant pretreated material; pre-oxidizing the acidic oxidant pretreated material to obtain pre-oxidized material; pre-carbonizing the pre-oxidized material under a protective atmosphere to obtain pre-carbonized material; pulverizing the pre-carbonized material to obtain pulverized material; acid washing followed by water washing to obtain purified material; soaking the purified material in acid, filtering, and drying to obtain soaked material; mixing the soaked material with a modifier, and high-temperature coating and carbonizing under a protective atmosphere to obtain bamboo-based coated hard carbon or lignin-based coated hard carbon. Mixing the two types of hard carbon and carbon coating yields a bamboo-based and lignin-based hard carbon composite material, which is used in negative electrode sheets and batteries. When applied to batteries, the hard carbon composite material of this invention can improve battery energy density.

The invention provides a composite positive plate, a preparation method thereof and a battery, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The interface conductive layer is arranged on at least one side of the positive electrode active material layer, and the interface conductive layer comprises conductive filler and an elastic matrix. According to the composite positive plate, the interface conductive layer with conductivity, flexibility and elasticity is arranged on at least one side of the positive active material layer, so that when the composite positive plate is applied to the battery and the interface conductive layer is close to one side of the diaphragm, not only can the interface impedance be reduced, but also the wettability of electrolyte on the positive active material layer can be improved; when the interface conducting layer is close to one side of the shell, the positive electrode active material layer can be better protected, extrusion damage of the shell to the positive electrode active material layer is reduced, the interface conducting layer can serve as a current collector, the electrochemical performance of the battery is improved, and the interface conducting layer can adapt to volume expansion of the composite positive plate in the charging and discharging process of the battery and improve the cycle performance of the battery.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery positive electrode material preparation, in particular to coated doped type lithium manganese iron phosphate gradient temperature control preparation equipment and method.The equipment comprises five temperature control bins arranged side by side, a sintering bin, a vertical flow guide plate, a unique temperature control gas inlet assembly and the like work cooperatively, the temperature control gas inlet assembly can flexibly adjust the gas state, and the temperature control gas inlet assembly can control the temperature of the lithium manganese iron phosphate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing a lithium source, a manganese source and the like with a specific composite carbon source, and performing spray drying to obtain precursor particles; according to the preparation method, the defects of a traditional preparation technology in the aspects of temperature control and coating forming are overcome, accurate gradient temperature control can be achieved, the temperature uniformity can be improved, the coating effect can be optimized, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production. And the performance of the lithium manganese iron phosphate positive electrode material is remarkably improved.

The application discloses a novel proton battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof. Iron source solution and phosphorus source solution are respectively prepared through an organic solution, and then the two solutions are mixed to perform a solvothermal reaction. After that, the product obtained in the reaction is washed and dried to obtain the novel proton battery positive electrode material. The material can be used to prepare a proton battery positive electrode sheet. The novel proton battery positive electrode material prepared by the application is a nanoparticle, the main component of which is iron phosphate. The particle morphology is uniform, and the specific surface area is large. The size of the particle is 50.0-200.0 nm. The proton battery prepared by using the novel proton battery positive electrode material has good electrochemical performance. The preparation method provided by the application is simple in process, raw materials are easy to obtain, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The invention discloses a process for preparing a V2O3 / ZnV2O3 total battery by simultaneously using vanadium oxide in a zinc ion battery as a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material, which comprises the following steps: reacting ammonium metavanadate with absolute ethyl alcohol by adopting a solvothermal synthesis method, washing, drying, and calcining in a tubular furnace to obtain V2O3; in the preparation process of the V2O3 positive electrode material, only V2O3, acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and PVDF serving as a binder are mixed in proportion and then are coated on graphite paper, other coating protection materials do not need to be introduced into a V2O3 / Zn negative electrode, and V2O3 is used as a protection layer to inhibit growth of zinc dendrites, relieve hydrogen evolution side reaction of the zinc negative electrode and reduce corrosion of zinc. Vanadium oxide V2O3 is directly used as a core positive electrode material, the zinc negative electrode coating is developed by utilizing the characteristics of the vanadium oxide V2O3, a material is formed, meanwhile, the performance optimization of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is realized, the used raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the process is simple and easy to implement, and the preparation process is simple and easy to implement from V2O3 raw material synthesis to positive and negative electrode piece preparation to V2O3 / ZnV2O3 total battery assembly. And comprehensive improvement of positive and negative electrode performances of zinc ions is simultaneously realized by a single material.

The invention discloses petroleum coke, a non-graphite carbon material, a negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: performing first solid removal on a first heavy oil raw material to obtain first purified heavy oil; performing second solid removal on the second heavy oil raw material to obtain second purified heavy oil; mixing the second purified heavy oil with nano-porous carbon to obtain third purified heavy oil and heavy oil containing the nano-porous carbon; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the heavy oil containing the nano-porous carbon to obtain a non-graphite carbon material precursor and fourth purified heavy oil; mixing the third purified heavy oil, the fourth purified heavy oil and the first purified heavy oil to obtain heavy mixed oil; carrying out distillation, pyrolysis and modification treatment on the heavy mixed oil to obtain petroleum coke; carbonizing the non-graphite carbon material precursor to obtain a non-graphite carbon material; the negative electrode material is prepared from petroleum coke and a non-graphite carbon material. The petroleum coke and the non-graphite carbon material with relatively high quality are prepared, and the electrochemical performance of the negative electrode material can be improved.

The invention belongs to the field of carbon-based electrode materials, and discloses a three-dimensional structure graphene material loaded with phosphorus-doped carbon nitride quantum dots as well as a preparation method and application of the three-dimensional structure graphene material. The three-dimensional structure graphene material is prepared through a simple hydrothermal reaction, phosphorus-doped carbon nitride quantum dots are uniformly dispersed on a graphene sheet layer, and nitrogen and phosphorus are successfully introduced into graphene through in-situ loading of the phosphorus-doped carbon nitride quantum dots. The graphene material with the three-dimensional structure integrally presents a good self-supporting three-dimensional skeleton structure, an electrode can be directly prepared under the condition that a conductive agent and a binder are not added, and the supercapacitor taking the graphene material with the three-dimensional structure loaded with the phosphorus-doped carbon nitride quantum dots as the electrode shows excellent electrochemical performance; wide application prospects are realized in the fields of electrode materials and energy storage devices.

The application discloses a composite positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The composite positive electrode material comprises a lithium-deficient phase as a positive electrode material and a lithium-rich phase for lithium supplement, and the lithium-rich phase and the lithium-deficient phase form a composite material, and the lithium-rich phase provides lithium ions to the lithium-deficient phase at least in the first charging. The lithium-rich phase contained in the composite positive electrode material can play a role of a lithium supplement additive in the first charging and discharging, releases lithium ions, forms a lithium-containing film layer on the negative electrode on one hand, and on the other hand, the lithium ions provided by the lithium-rich phase can also be reversible lithium ions, supplement lithium ions for the lithium-deficient phase, thereby improving the capacity of the positive electrode material and the energy density and cycle performance of the battery. The preparation method of the composite positive electrode material can ensure that the prepared composite positive electrode material has stable electrochemical performance, is high in efficiency and low in production cost.

This invention relates to a Ni-doped cobalt sulfide three-dimensional graphene anode material for sodium-ion batteries and its preparation method, belonging to the field of electrochemical energy storage. A NiCoCN precursor is obtained by grinding and mixing nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and urea uniformly, followed by air annealing. The precursor is then mixed with a commercial graphene oxide solution, stirred, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain a NiCoCN / graphene oxide precursor. High-temperature sulfidation using thiourea as a sulfur source via vapor deposition yields the NiCoSCN@three-dimensional graphene anode material. When this anode material is applied to sodium-ion battery anodes, nickel doping improves the rate performance and long-cycle stability of the material. (5 A g) ‑1 After 400 cycles, the capacity retention is ≥80% at 10 A g. ‑1 After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention rate can still reach over 65%. This method has a simple preparation process and broad application prospects in the energy field.

The application relates to the technical field of sodium ion battery positive electrode materials, in particular to a Na2Fe2(SO4)3@Na3Fe2(SO4)3F@CNT positive electrode material.The Na2Fe2(SO4)3 and Na3Fe2(SO4)3F precursors are mixed and sintered, and are coated by CNT, so that the electrochemical performance of the Na2Fe2(SO4)3 is remarkably improved, the conductivity of the material is improved, the material can be used as a sodium ion battery positive electrode material, has a high discharge specific capacity, and has cycle performance and rate performance.

This invention belongs to the field of lithium-sulfur battery technology, providing a zirconium-based flexible carbon nanofiber membrane, its preparation method, a lithium-sulfur battery cathode, and a lithium-sulfur battery. The preparation method involves mixing a zirconium source, a polymer, and an organic solvent to form a spinning solution; the spinning solution is electrospun to obtain a fiber membrane; the fiber membrane is then carbonized to obtain the zirconium-based flexible carbon nanofiber membrane. This invention yields a zirconium-based flexible carbon nanofiber membrane with high conductivity, a well-structured microstructure, and active sites for zirconium-based compound nanoparticles. The zirconium-based flexible carbon nanofiber membrane with its well-structured microstructure and active sites for zirconium-based compound nanoparticles exhibits excellent chemical / physical adsorption characteristics for polysulfides. Simultaneously, the zirconium-based compound nanoparticles possess excellent electrocatalytic properties, accelerating efficient conversion between polysulfides, achieving efficient electron transfer and ion diffusion, and realizing high sulfur utilization. This results in excellent areal capacity electrochemical performance. When used as a cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries, it enables the lithium-sulfur battery to exhibit outstanding rate performance and cycle stability, promoting the development of lithium-sulfur batteries towards low-altitude economic applications. Furthermore, the zirconium-based flexible carbon nanofiber membrane, when combined with a high-sulfur-loaded sulfur cathode (greater than 6 mg / cm³), further enhances the effectiveness of the process. 2 Together, they constructed a novel "sandwich" sulfur cathode, resulting in a high-capacity lithium-sulfur battery.

The present disclosure provides a high-rate lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material comprising lithium iron phosphate and carbon coated on a surface of the lithium iron phosphate, wherein a primary particle of the material has a particle size of 30-70 nm. The material of the present disclosure has a small and uniform primary particle size, no large single crystal particles, and a high specific surface area, and the battery prepared with the material has a high capacity, good cycle performance, excellent rate performance and low temperature performance. The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the high-rate lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, which has a simple process, is environmentally friendly, does not need precursors or expensive equipment, and has low cost.

This invention belongs to the field of composite electrode materials technology, and relates to a method for preparing a NiCoCu selenide composite MXene / carbon sphere thin film electrode material, comprising: first, dissolving ZIF-67 powder in a carbon sphere solution, then adding an MXene aqueous solution, stirring for 1-10 hours, filtering and drying to obtain ZIF-67@MXene / CS; second, preparing a solution according to the proportion of urea, copper source, nickel source and ethanol, immersing ZIF-67@MXene / CS, and reacting hydrothermally to obtain a NiCoCu-LDH@MXene / CS thin film; third, mixing the NiCoCu-LDH@MXene / CS thin film, selenium powder and sodium borohydride in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:1-2:1-2, reacting at 150-180°C for 12-24 hours, washing the obtained product with deionized water and drying to obtain the final product. MXene and carbon spheres together provide a flexible substrate for the self-supporting material, increasing its conductivity and specific surface area. Simultaneously, NiCoCu-Se intercalation into the MXene acts as an intermediate buffer, preventing MXene self-stabilization and making its structure more stable. When applied as the positive electrode material for supercapacitors, the self-supporting material avoids the use of binders, reducing the material's impedance and improving electrochemical performance.

The application discloses a composite pyrophosphate magnesium battery positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The positive electrode material comprises a magnesium ion positive electrode material pyrophosphate and a carbon layer coated on the magnesium ion positive electrode material pyrophosphate. The chemical formula of the positive electrode material is Mg a Na b M 2+x / 2 N y , wherein M is one or more of Fe, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Co, Nb, N is one or more of P2O7 4‑ , PO4 3‑ , SO4 2‑ , BO3 3‑ , SiO4 4‑ , 0

The application belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a dry-process electrode preparation process for improving a PTFE fiberization network, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an active material, a conductive agent and activated carbon through a mixer; adding a binder PTFE for secondary mixing; performing fiberization treatment on the above material; performing roller pressing on the fiberized powder to form a film, and compounding the film with a current collector to obtain a dry-process electrode. Through the preparation of the dry-process electrode, local stress concentration points can be formed in the mixing and fiberization processes, the shearing action on PTFE particles is improved, the PTFE particles are caused to deform and fiberize, the problem of low fiberization degree and poor mechanical performance in the process of preparing the dry-process electrode by the original fiber method is effectively improved, the ion resistance of the pole piece is lower, and the pole piece exhibits better electrochemical performance.

The application belongs to the technical field of negative electrode materials, and particularly relates to a negative electrode active material, a preparation method thereof, a secondary battery and an electric device. The negative electrode active material provided by the application comprises a silicon-based material with a carbon layer arranged on at least part of the surface and a titanium-containing compound layer containing nitrogen arranged on the surface of the carbon layer. The titanium-containing compound layer containing nitrogen makes the negative electrode active material have more advantages in electrical conductivity and lithium ion transmission speed than a pure titanium-containing compound, and thus a lithium ion battery using the negative electrode active material has better electrochemical performance.

This invention relates to the field of sodium-ion battery technology, and discloses a sodium-ion cathode material, its preparation method and application, a sodium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery pack, and a device. The sodium-ion cathode material includes a matrix and a coating layer covering the matrix; the matrix has the composition shown in Formula I: Na 1‑x [Ni y Mn z M u Ti v O2 Formula I; the coating layer has the composition shown in Formula II: Na 2‑β Ti 6‑α M′ α O 13 Formula II. This sodium-ion cathode material possesses characteristics such as high ionic and electronic conductivity, strong structural stability, and strong chemical stability. Furthermore, using this composite cathode material in sodium-ion batteries can effectively improve the battery's electrochemical performance.

The application discloses an integrated stretchable flexible wearable biosensor and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical sensing.The integrated stretchable flexible wearable biosensor is wrapped by a PAN / SiO2 sweat absorption layer.The method comprises the following steps: preparing a stretchable conductive composite fiber; preparing an integrated stretchable flexible sensing fiber; preparing a PAN / SiO2 sweat absorption layer; and preparing a sensor.The conductive composite fiber in the application can maintain stable performance under multiple bending and twisting, the sensor is integrated with a flexible integrated circuit chip and a flexible power supply device to obtain a fabric sensing system, the fabric sensing system can process acquired sensor data, and the detection data can be uploaded to a mobile terminal and a cloud end in real time through Bluetooth technology, real-time monitoring and management of a health condition of the biosensor are realized, six specific biomarkers can be efficiently detected by using only 1 muL of sweat, the amount of sweat required for activating the biosensor is 1 / 3 of that of the prior art, and the fabric sensing system can easily adapt to a tensile strain caused by exercise.

The application relates to a highly-ordered porous sulfur / oxygen co-doped carbon sphere and a preparation method and a potassium ion battery thereof, and belongs to the technical field of battery materials. The application discloses a preparation method of a highly-ordered porous sulfur / oxygen co-doped carbon sphere. The carbon sphere is prepared by mixing sulfur powder and resin material, the prepared carbon sphere is uniformly doped with atoms, the pore size distribution is uniform, the number of potassium storage sites is relatively large, and the carbon sphere can be applied to a potassium ion battery. The application further discloses a potassium ion battery. The active material of the potassium ion battery comprises the highly-ordered porous sulfur / oxygen co-doped carbon sphere. The potassium ion battery can be a half battery assembled by a negative electrode material containing the highly-ordered porous sulfur / oxygen co-doped carbon sphere and metal potassium. The potassium ion battery can also be a full battery assembled by the negative electrode material containing the highly-ordered porous sulfur / oxygen co-doped carbon sphere and a prussian blue positive electrode material.

A binder and an electrochemical apparatus including such binder are disclosed, where the binder is a polymer including structural units represented by a formula I, a formula II, and a formula III. R1 is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl group; R2 is selected from a phenolic hydroxyl group and the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups is 2 to 5; R3 is one of C, S, N, or P; X is selected from any one of Li, Na, or K; R4 and R5 each are independently selected from one of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl group; and n1, n2, and n3 each are independently an integer greater than zero. The binder in this application provides large bonding force and helps with the desolvation of lithium ions, thus alleviating the obstruction against intercalation of lithium ions, and improving kinetic performance of the electrochemical apparatus.