4137results about How to "Improve ionic conductivity" patented technology

A composite solid electrolyte include a monolithic solid electrolyte base component that is a continuous matrix of an inorganic active metal ion conductor and a filler component used to eliminate through porosity in the solid electrolyte. In this way a solid electrolyte produced by any process that yields residual through porosity can be modified by the incorporation of a filler to form a substantially impervious composite solid electrolyte and eliminate through porosity in the base component. Methods of making the composites is also disclosed. The composites are generally useful in electrochemical cell structures such as battery cells and in particular protected active metal anodes, particularly lithium anodes, that are protected with a protective membrane architecture incorporating the composite solid electrolyte. The protective architecture prevents the active metal of the anode from deleterious reaction with the environment on the other (cathode) side of the architecture, which may include aqueous, air and organic liquid electrolytes and/or electrochemically active materials.

Disclosed are ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and methods for their fabrication. The membranes may be incorporated in active metal negative electrode (anode) structures and battery cells. In accordance with the invention, the membrane has the desired properties of high overall ionic conductivity and chemical stability towards the anode, the cathode and ambient conditions encountered in battery manufacturing. The membrane is capable of protecting an active metal anode from deleterious reaction with other battery components or ambient conditions while providing a high level of ionic conductivity to facilitate manufacture and/or enhance performance of a battery cell in which the membrane is incorporated.

An electrochemical method and apparatus for high-amperage electrical energy storage features a high-temperature, all-liquid chemistry. The reaction products created during charging remain part of the electrodes during storage for discharge on demand. In a simultaneous ambipolar electrodeposition cell, a reaction compound is electrolyzed to effect transfer from an external power source; the electrode elements are electrodissolved during discharge.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a material for electrolytic solutions suited for use as material in electrolytic solutions serving as ionic conductors in electrochemical devices, such as large-capacity cells or batteries. The present invention is related to a material for electrolytic solutions which comprises, as an essential constituent, an anion represented by the general formula (1): wherein X represents at least one element selected from among B, N, O, Al, Si, P, S, As and Se; M<1 >and M<2 >are the same or different and each represents an organic linking group; a is an integer of not less than 1, and b, c and d each independently is an integer of not less than 0.

This invention provides a film comprising a cross-linked polymer having an oxyalkylene group or a cross-linked polymer having an oxyalkylene group through a urethane bond, as a constituent component, a production method of the film, and an electrochemical apparatus using the film as a separator. The film for separator of an electrochemical apparatus can be easily and uniformly processed, can include an electrolytic solution, exhibits good film thickness and ensures excellent safety and reliability. The electrochemical apparatus is free of leakage of the solution.

The present invention provides a electrochemical element, wherein a multi-component composite film comprising a) polymer support layer film and b) a porous gellable polymer layer which is formed on either or both sides of the support layer film of a), wherein the support layer film of a) and the gellable polymer layer of b) are unified with each other without an interface between them.

The invention relates to organic-inorganic all-solid-state composite electrolyte as well as preparation and application methods thereof, belonging to the field of lithium ion batteries. According to the organic-inorganic all-solid-state composite electrolyte, a highly-ordered three-dimensional connection network skeleton is formed by an inorganic fast lithium ion conductor, and a three-dimensional connection network is filled with a polymer and lithium salt. The organic-inorganic all-solid-state composite electrolyte which is flexible and has a controllable three-dimensional connection network structure is prepared. The electrolyte is high in lithium ion conductivity, wide in electrochemical window, good in mechanical property and stable to lithium metal. A lithium ion secondary battery assembled by a composite electrolyte membrane prepared by the method is high in capacity, stable in cycle performance, low in interface impedance and good in interface stability.

An alkali-metal-ion battery is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including an anode containing an alkali metal, a cathode, and an electrolyte separator for conducting alkali metal ions between the anode and the cathode. In selected embodiments, the electrolyte separator includes a first phase comprising poly(alkylene oxide) and an alkali-metal salt in a molar ratio of less than 10:1. The electrolyte separator may further include a second phase comprising ionically conductive particles that are conductive to the alkali metal ions. These ionically conductive particles may include ionically conductive ceramic particles, glass particles, glass-ceramic particles, or mixtures thereof.

The invention provides a composite solid electrolyte membrane, a preparation method and a lithium-ion battery. The composite solid electrolyte membrane comprises a porous support material, first compound adhesive layers coating two side surfaces of the porous support material, and second compound adhesive layers coating the first compound adhesive layers, wherein the inorganic proportion of the second compound adhesive layers is smaller than that of the first compound adhesive layers. The porous support material is added to the electrolyte membrane, so that the flexibility of the membrane is ensured, the mechanical strength of the membrane is strengthened, the interfacial compatibility can be improved by the electrolyte membrane of a sandwich structure and the cycle performance of the battery is improved.

The invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte material, which consists of fluorosulfonylimide lithium and organic solvent with dielectric constant less than 30, and the organic solvent is selected from one or more of chain-like carbonate solvent, phosphate solvent, siloxane solvent, boroxane solvent, acetate solvent, propionate solvent, butyrate solvent, CF3OCH2CH2OCF3 solvent, C2H5OCH2CH2OCH3 solvent, C2F5OCH2CH2OCF3 solvent, 1,3-dioxolane solvent and aliphatic nitrile solvent with more than two carbon atoms. The ionic conductivity of the nonaqueous electrolyte material is 0.01mS/cm to 18mS/cm, the lithium ion transference number is tLi plus equal to 0.2 to 0.8, and the applicable temperature range is 80DEG C below zero to 60DEG C below zero. The invention also provides an application of the nonaqueous electrolyte material in the preparation of lithium batteries and super capacitors. Furthermore, the invention provides a lithium battery and a super capacitor which contain the nonaqueous electrolyte material of fluorosulfonylimide lithium.

A method for preparing polybenzimidazole or polybenzimidazole blend membranes and fabricating gas diffusion electrodes and membrane-electrode assemblies is provided for a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Blend polymer electrolyte membranes based on PBI and various thermoplastc polymers for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells have also been developed. Miscible blends are used for solution casting of polymer membranes (solid electrolytes). High conductivity and enhanced mechanical strength were obtained for the blend polymer solid electrolytes. With the thermally resistant polymer, e.g., polybenzimidazole or a mixture of polybenzimidazole and other thermoplastics as binder, the carbon-supported noble metal catalyst is tape-cast onto a hydrophobic supporting substrate. When doped with an acid mixture, electrodes are assembled with an acid doped solid electrolyte membrane by hot-press. The fuel cell can operate at temperatures up to at least 200° C. with hydrogen-rich fuel containing high ratios of carbon monoxide such as 3 vol % carbon monoxide or more, compared to the carbon monoxide tolerance of 10-20 ppm level for Nafion®-based polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Disclosed are ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and methods for their fabrication. The membranes may be incorporated in active metal negative electrode (anode) structures and battery cells. In accordance with the invention, the membrane has the desired properties of high overall ionic conductivity and chemical stability towards the anode, the cathode and ambient conditions encountered in battery manufacturing. The membrane is capable of protecting an active metal anode from deleterious reaction with other battery components or ambient conditions while providing a high level of ionic conductivity to facilitate manufacture and/or enhance performance of a battery cell in which the membrane is incorporated.

A polymer gel electrolyte includes an electrolyte solution composed of a plasticizer with at least two carbonate structures on the molecule and an electrolyte salt, in combination with a matrix polymer. Secondary batteries made with the polymer gel electrolyte can operate at a high capacitance and a high current, have a broad service temperature range and a high level of safety, and are thus particularly well-suited for use in such applications as lithium secondary cells and lithium ion secondary cells. Electrical double-layer capacitors made with the polymer gel electrolyte have a high output voltage, a large output current, a broad service temperature range and excellent safety.

PCT No. PCT/JP97/02854 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 11, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 11, 1999 PCT Filed Aug. 19, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/07772 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 26, 1998A polymer solid electrolyte obtained by blending (1) a polyether copolymer having a main chain derived form ethylene oxide and an oligooxyethylene side chain, (2) an electrolyte salt compound, and (3) a plasticizer of an aprotic organic solvent or a derivative or metal salt of a polyalkylene glycol having a number-average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000 or a metal salt of the derivative is superior in ionic conductivity and also superior in processability, moldability and mechanical strength to a conventional solid electrolyte. A secondary battery is constructed by using the polymer solid electrolyte in combination with a lithium metal negative electrode and a lithium cobaltate positive electrode.

The present invention provides a membrane-electrode assembly which comprises: at least one rod-form or tubular electrode; a tubular diaphragm disposed around the periphery of the electrode; and a wire-form counter electrode disposed around the periphery of the diaphragm, the diaphragm being fixed to the rod-form or tubular electrode with the wire-form counter electrode to thereby form an electrode chamber having a gas/liquid passage between the diaphragm and the rod-form or tubular electrode.

The present invention provides a composite ion exchange membrane which has high mechanical strength and is suitable for use as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane excellent in ionic conductivity and a method for its production. The invention is achieved by a composite ion exchange membrane including a composite layer comprising a support membrane with continuous voids formed of polybenzazole polymer, the support membrane being impregnated with ion exchange resin, and surface layers formed of ion exchange resin free of support membranes, the surface layers being formed on both surfaces of the composite layer so as to sandwich the composite layer therebetween.

A rechargeable battery or cell is disclosed in which the electrode active material consists of at least one nonmetallic compound or salt of the electropositive species on which the cell is based, and the electrolyte or electrolyte solvent consists predominantly of a halogen-bearing or chalcogen-bearing covalent compound such as SOCl2 or SO2Cl2. Also disclosed are cell component materials which include electrodes that consist primarily of salts of the cell electropositive species and chemically compatible electrolytes. These latter electrolytes include several newly discovered ambient temperature molten salt systems based on the AlCl3-PCl5 binary and the AlCl3-PCl5-PCl3 ternaries.

The invention relates to solid-state electrolytes, in particular to a polycarbonate all-solid-state polymer electrolyte, an all-solid-state secondary lithium battery made of the same and preparation and application thereof. The all-solid-state polymer electrolyte is prepared from polycarbonate macromolecules, lithium salt and a porous supporting material; the thickness is 20-800 micrometers, the mechanical strength is 10-80 MPa, the room temperature ion conductivity is 2*10<-5>S/cm-1*10<-3>S/cm, and the electrochemical window is higher than 4V. The all-solid-state polymer electrolyte is easy to prepare and form, good in mechanical property, high in ion conductivity and wide in electrochemical window; meanwhile, the solid-state electrolyte effectively inhibits growth of negative electrode lithium dendrites and improves interface stability and long circulation performance.

A lithium ion battery in which electrically-non conducting ceramic particles are interposed between the anode and cathode to enforce separation between them and prevent short circuits is described. The particles, preferably equiaxed or monodisperse, may be generally uniformly dispersed in a non-aqueous gelled or high viscosity electrolyte. The electrolyte may be applied to one or both of the anode and cathode in suitable thickness to deposit the particles with the electrolyte and form a layered composite with substantially uniformly spaced particles suitable for holding the opposing anode and cathode faces in spaced-apart relation. The thickness of the applied electrolyte layer will be selected to enable deposition of the particles substantially as a fractional monolayer, a monolayer, or a multilayer as required for the application.

Provided are a multi-layered structure electrolyte including a gel polymer electrolyte on opposite surfaces of a ceramic solid electrolyte, for a lithium ion secondary battery including positive and negative electrodes capable of intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, and a lithium ion secondary battery including the electrode. The electrolyte includes a gel polymer electrolyte on opposite surfaces of a ceramic solid electrolyte.

A heat-resisting ultrafine fibrous separator of the present invention is prepared by an electrospinning process, formed of ultrafine fibers of heat-resisting polymer resin having a melting point more than 1800 C or not having the melting point, or ultrafine fibers of polymer resin capable of swelling in an electrolyte, together with the ultrafine fibers of heat-resisting polymer resin. Also, polyolefine fine particles providing a shutdown function are dispersed in the heat-resisting resin or the polymer resin capable of swelling in the electrolyte. The heat-resisting ultrafine fibrous separator of the present invention has the shutdown function, low thermal contraction, thermal endurance, excellent ionic conductivity and excellent adhesive property with an electrode, so a battery having excellent cycling characteristics, and having high-energy density and high capacity can be prepared.

The invention provides a polymer porous membrane, a preparation method of the polymer porous membrane, a polymer electrolyte, a polymer battery and a preparation method of the polymer battery. A carbon material is dispersed in the polymer porous membrane, so that the degree of crystallization of a polymer which constitutes the polymer porous membrane is lowered and the liquid absorption of the polymer porous membrane is increased; the liquid absorption rate, liquid holding capability and ionic conductivity of the polymer porous membrane are increased; interface impedance is reduced, battery magnification discharging performance and the circulating performance of the battery are enhanced; simultaneously, the battery prepared by the method has excellent high temperature circulation and storage performance and low expansion ratio at a high temperature and further meets the development requirement of the polymer battery. Simultaneously, the preparation method is simple and is easy to implement and the prepared battery has high performance.