3343 results about "Electrolytic cell" patented technology

The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polyacetylene-co-polysulfur (PAS) materials of general formula (C2Sx)n wherein x is greater than 1 to about 100, and n is equal to or greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials with improved storage capacity and cycle life at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures.

The present invention is an apparatus and method for disinfecting or sanitizing a desired object. The apparatus includes a container for an aqueous solution; the container may be a spray bottle. The apparatus includes an electrolytic cell, containing an electrolyte, an electrical power source, a control circuit for providing an electric charge to the electrolyte to create an oxidant, and a fluid connection between the cell and container to permit introduction of the oxidant into the aqueous solution to create a disinfectant.

The invention relates to a nano silicon-carbon composite negative material for lithium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof. A porous electrode composed of silica and carbon is taken as a raw material, and a nano silicon-carbon composite material of carbon-loaded nano silicon is formed by a molten salt electrolysis method in a manner of silica in-situ electrochemical reduction. Silicon and carbon of the material are connected by nano silicon carbide, and are metallurgical-grade combination, so that the electrochemical cycle stability of the nano silicon-carbon composite material is improved. The preparation method of the nano silicon-carbon composite material provided by the invention comprises the following steps: compounding a porous block composed of carbon and silica powder with a conductive cathode collector as a cathode; using graphite or an inert anode as an anode, and putting the cathode and anode into CaCl₂ electrolyte or mixed salt melt electrolyte containing CaCl₂ to form an electrolytic cell; applying voltage between the cathode and the anode; controlling the electrolytic voltage, the electrolytic current density and the electrolytic quantity, so that silica in the porous block is deoxidized into nano silicon by electrolytic reduction, and the nano silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion batteries is prepared at the cathode.

A method of packaging a rectangular electrolytic battery, comprising the steps of forming a sleeve from a flat, rectangular sheet of a laminate material by overlapping and joining opposite edges of the sheet; inserting a rectangular battery into one end of the sleeve, the battery having two electronic contacting leads extending from one side thereof and the battery being positioned within the sleeve wherein a portion of the leads is within the sleeve and a portion of the leads is outside said sleeve; joining the ends of the sleeve to form a seal along each end thereof, hermetically sealing the interior of the sleeve, one end of the sleeve forming a seal about the leads and the other end of the sleeve sealed adjacent the battery.

A system and process for de-halogenating ballast water before releasing the ballast water from the vessel. In one embodiment, the system comprises a means for measuring the halogen content of the ballast water, a reducing agent source in fluid communication with the ballast water, and a means for controlling the amount of reducing agent supplied to the ballast water. In one aspect, the means for measuring the halogen content comprises one or more oxidation/reduction potential analyzers. In another embodiment, the system comprises one or more hypochlorite electrolytic cells for generating hypochlorite to treat the ballast water.

One embodiment of the process for de-halogenating ballast water comprises measuring the oxidation/reduction potential of the ballast water and adding one or more reducing agents to the ballast water to de-halogenate the ballast water in response to the measured oxidation/reduction potential. In one aspect, the oxidation/reduction potential is modulated so that excess reducing agent is present in the ballast water.

A system for purification of high value metals comprises an electrolytic cell in which an anode formed of a composite of a metal oxide of the metal of interest with carbon is electrochemically reduced in a molten salt electrolyte.

An electrochemical process and apparatus for preparing metal hydride compounds from metal salts under a hydrogen atmosphere are disclosed. The electrochemical process may be integrated with chemical reaction of a boron compound to produce borohydride compounds. A metal salt and a borate are charged to the cathode of an electrolytic cell wherein the borate reacts with the hydride, to produce the borohydride compound.

A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

The invention relates to a method for purifying water by forming in an electrolytic cell molecular halogen, hypohalic acid, hypohalite ions or combinations thereof, from halide ions dissolved in the water; and dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions. The invention also relates to a system for purifying water, having an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of electrodes sufficient to electrolytically convert halide ion in the water into molecular halogen, hypohalic acid, or hypohalite ions, or combinations thereof; and a metal generator, which provides concentrations of one or more metals to the water.

The invention discloses a preparation method of lithium metal through electrolysis, which comprises the following steps: at normal temperature and normal pressure, applying direct current voltage on an anode current collector and a cathode current collector so that potassium ions in a water phase in an anode chamber penetrate through a diaphragm having lithium ion conductor characteristics under the driving of the voltage, an organic solvent in a cathode chamber is reduced to a metal lithium single substance which is deposited and enriched on the surface of the cathode current collector to obtain the product, wherein the anode chamber of an electrolysis cell is filled with an aqueous solution at least containing the lithium ions, the cathode chamber od the electrolysis cell is filled with the organic solvent having the lithium ion conductor characteristics, the diaphragm for separating the anode chamber from the cathode chamber is a lithium ion conductor ceramic membrane having the lithium ion conductor characteristics or a composite membrane of a lithium ion conductor and a polymer, and the cathode chamber is in inert gas atmosphere. The electrolysis preparation method for lithium metal avoids severe conditions which are required to prepare lithium metal by a traditional high temperature molten electrolysis process, and has the characteristics of low energy consumption, high lithium extraction efficiency and high product purity and is environment-friendly and wide in raw material sources.

The invention relates to an electrode material of a lithium ion battery, in particular to a method for pre-lithiating a cathode material. The method comprises the steps that an electrolytic cell cathode cavity is made of the electrode material such as a lithium ion cathode material and arranged in a lithium ion conductive organic electrolyte; an anode cavity is an aqueous solution containing lithium salt or an organic solution; the anode cavity is separated from the cathode cavity by a lithium ion conductor ceramic membrane or a composite membrane of lithium ion conductor ceramic and a high molecular material; an electric potential and current density are controlled by external circuit charge and discharge equipment to allow lithium ions to migrate to a cathode from an anode through the membrane; and an SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) membrane is formed on the surface of the material; or the electrode material is pre-lithiated. According to the method, a cheap and safe lithium ion saline solution serves as a source of the lithium ion; the SEI membrane is generated for the cathode of the lithium ion battery in advance; or lithium is supplemented to the electrode material; the coulombic efficiency and cycling stability of the cathode material can be improved; a formation process in production of the lithium ion battery in the prior art is simplified; the electrode material and cost are saved; and the method is safe and efficient and has a large-scale application prospect.

An internal combustion engine/water source system for a vehicle powered by a internal combustion engine wherein liquid water is produced by cooling a portion of engine exhaust gases in a vortex tube to induce condensation. In one embodiment, engine exhaust gases are pumped into the vortex tube by a compressor. After removing a portion of water vapor, cooled exhaust gases may be re-introduced to engine's combustion chamber thereby providing an exhaust gas recirculation. In an automotive vehicle, liquid water generated by the invention may be collected and provided to an electrolytic cell for electrolysis into gaseous hydrogen to reduce exhaust pollutants during cold engine start. Alternatively, water generated by the invention may be injected into engine combustion chamber to increase power and to reduce production of nitrogen oxides.

A process and apparatus for reducing an alkali metal salt to an alkali metal through electrolysis in a series of electrolytic cells are disclosed. The process employs as a separator between anode and cathode compartments a material that is both an ionic conductor of the metal ion and an electrical insulator. Preferred metals are sodium, lithium and potassium.

The invention relates to methods for creating high value liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel, jet and alcohols using carbon dioxide and water as the starting raw materials and a system for using the same. These methods combine a novel solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC) for the efficient and clean conversion of carbon dioxide and water to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, uniquely integrated with a gas-to-liquid fuels producing method.

The invention provides improved electrodes for electrolytic cells operating with molten salt electrolytes. Nonconsumable iridium-based anodes of the invention facilitate the release of gaseous oxygen from oxide-containing melts, for example in the electro-chemical production of liquid or gaseous reactive metals from oxides. Cathode substrates of the invention are constructed of a tungsten-based alloy and enable deposition of an overlying liquid-metal cathode. Incorporation of the anode and cathode substrate of the invention into molten-oxide cells establishes a novel method for electrolytic extraction of titanium and other reactive metals.

Disclosed herein is a portable hydrogen-rich water generator that includes a separable drinking cup, an electrolytic cell which includes an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, etc. and is disposed at the bottom of the drinking cup, a reservoir base on which the drinking cup is mounted and in which an anode reaction of the electrolytic cell is generated, a float valve which allows water to be continuously supplied at a certain water level from a water tank, and a power supply to apply direct current power to the electrolytic cell. In the portable hydrogen-rich water generator, when power is applied after putting purified water into the drinking cup and mounting the drinking cup on the reservoir base, the electrolytic cell electrolyzes the water in the reservoir base so that oxygen is generated at the anode of the reservoir base side and hydrogen is generated at the cathode of the drinking cup side, thereby allowing hydrogen gases to be dissolved in the purified water in the drinking cup within a short time with the consequence that hydrogen-rich water is produced.

An energy system including a converter disposed within a collection vessel for collecting exhaust generated by the converter for delivery, if desired, to a bottoming device, such as a gas turbine assembly. The converter can be operated as a reformer. The chemical converter may also be operated as an electrochemical device. When the converter is operated as a fuel cell, electrical energy is generated when supplied with hydrogen or a hydrocarbon fuels. When operated as an electrolytic cell, the electrical energy is consumed for the production of chemical feed stocks or media for storage. The energy system can also include or be used as a thermal plant for producing pressurized, superheated vapor, or a hot thermal fluid or gas medium for commercial, industrial or power generation uses.

The invention relates to an aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul dreg harmless treatment system and method and belongs to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum waste treatment. The aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul dreg harmless treatment system comprises a leaching bin used for leaching overhaul dregs and a reaction bin unit connected with the leaching bin and used for carrying out cyanogen removal and fluoride removal treatment. The aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul dreg harmless treatment system comprises the leaching bin and the reaction bin unit, slurry making and slurry leaching can be carried out in the leaching bin, and cyanogen removal and fluoride removal reactions are carried out in the reaction bin unit. The procedures are carried out separately. When one procedure is carried out, the other procedure is not affected and can be carried out simultaneously. Continuous cyanogen removal and fluoride removal treatment can be realized, and the treating efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a preparation method of lithium hexafluorophosphate. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) distilling to obtain hydrogen fluoride liquid of which the purity is over 99.99 weight percent; (2) reacting the high-purity hydrogen fluoride liquid with phosphorus pentachloride to obtain mixed gas of the phosphorus pentafluoride and hydrogen chloride; (3) introducing the mixed gas of the phosphorus pentachloride and the hydrogen chloride into hydrogen fluoride and lithium fluoride, reacting at a certain temperature and under certain pressure to obtain solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate, exhausting hydrogen chloride gas at regular time, and absorbing by using water to prepare byproduct hydrochloric acid; and (4) crystallizing and separating, namely filtering the solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate, delivering filtrate into a crystallizing slot, separating the lithium hexafluorophosphate out at the temperature of between -70 and 80 DEG C, filtering, and performing primary drying and secondary drying to obtain a lithium hexafluorophosphate product, wherein the residual hydrogen fluoride gas is displaced by nitrogen. The preparation method has readily available raw materials and is easy to operate, the purity of the obtained lithium hexafluorophosphate product is over 99.9 percent, the moisture is lower than 10ppm, and the production requirements of lithium ion electrolytic cells are met.

The invention relates to an electrolytic extraction and detection method of nonmetallic inclusion in steel by utilizing an organic solution. The method comprises the following process steps: (1) preparing electrolyte; (2) preparing and electrolyzing a steel sample: soaking the steel sample containing the inclusion into the electrolyte in an electrolytic cell; arranging a salt bath beside the electrolytic cell; erecting a salt bridge between the salt bath and the electrolytic cell; inserting a calomel electrode into the salt bath; inserting a calomel electrode in the salt bath; using the positive electrode of the steel sample, connected with a direct current stabilized power supply, as the anode, using a platinum wire as an electrolysis cathode, charging inert gas, particularly referring to argon; and (3) separating: pouring the electrolyte left after the electrolysis of the steel sample in the step (2) into a funnel which is filled with filter paper; arranging a vacuum filtration device which is loaded with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane at the position tightly attached to the liquid down port of the funnel; separating the inclusion from the steel sample under the state that the vacuum filtration device is vacuumized; and transferring the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane which is distributed with the inclusion to a scanning electron microscope for detection. In the method provided by the invention, the inclusion can be extracted out of the steel without being damaged; and the three-dimensional shape of the inclusion is directly observed.

A wet oxidation/reduction electrolytic cell stack, system, and method for the remediation of contaminated water is disclosed. A porous electrode of large surface area produces powerful oxidizing agents in situ without having to add any reagents, oxidizers, or catalysts to the water to be treated. Further, by the appropriate selection of electrode material, organic contaminants may be absorbed onto the surface of the electrode and subsequently oxidized to provide a dynamically renewable porous electrode surface. Flow rates, and power requirements may be tailored to the specific moieties to be removed, thus allowing local treatment of specific waste streams resulting in direct discharge to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) or surface water discharge. A novel feature of this invention is the ability to remove both organic and metal contaminants without the addition of treatment reagents or catalysts.

The invention discloses an electrochemical sensor capable of detecting trace mercury in a water body. The electrochemical sensor comprises a gold electrode, wherein gold nanoclusters are deposited on the surface of the reaction end of the gold electrode; and sulfhydryl-modified mercury-specific oligonucleotide probes are self-assembled on the gold nanoclusters. The preparation method for the electrochemical sensor comprises the following steps of: first, preparing the gold electrode; then, electrodepositing the gold nanoclusters on the surface of the reaction end of the gold electrode; and finally, self-assembling the sulfhydryl-modified mercury-specific oligonucleotide probes on the end surfaces of the gold nanoclusters so as to finish the manufacturing of the sensor. By using the sensor provided by the invention, the trace mercury in the water body can be detected; and the specific operation comprises the following steps of: first, placing the reaction end of the sensor in a water sample for reacting; then, immersing the reaction end into an anion double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) signal embedded agent for complete treatment; later on, connecting the sensor into an electrolytic cell of a three-electrode system and measuring the change of a response peak current by using square wave voltammetry; and finally, judging whether the water sample contains mercury ions on the basis of the change. The electrochemical sensor has the advantages of simple and practical structure, convenience in manufacturing, high sensitivity, high selection specificity and the like.

The internal temperature of an electrochemical device may be probed without a thermocouple, infrared detector, or other auxiliary device to measure temperature. Some methods include exciting an electrochemical device with a driving profile; acquiring voltage and current data from the electrochemical device, in response to the driving profile; calculating an impulse response from the current and voltage data; calculating an impedance spectrum of the electrochemical device from the impulse response; calculating a state-of-charge of the electrochemical device; and then estimating internal temperature of the electrochemical device based on a temperature-impedance-state-of-charge relationship. The electrochemical device may be a battery, fuel cell, electrolytic cell, or capacitor, for example. The procedure is useful for on-line applications which benefit from real-time temperature sensing capabilities during operations. These methods may be readily implemented as part of a device management and safety system.

The invention provides an anode material containing an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal element of a solid oxide fuel cell and a preparation method and application thereof. The alkali metal element can be introduced into the anode material by a doping method, or alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal carbonate, acetate, oxide or mixture thereof also can be introduced into the anode material by a loading method. The anode material has the characteristics of improving catalytic activity and long-term stability. The invention also relates to application of the anode material in a solid oxide electrolytic tank.

Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. An alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions is positioned between the anolyte compartment and the buffer compartment. An alkali ion permeable separator is positioned between the buffer compartment and the catholyte compartment. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of providing a molten salt electrolyte at a temperature of less than 900° C. having alumina dissolved therein in an electrolytic cell having a liner for containing the electrolyte, the liner having a bottom and walls extending upwardly from said bottom. A plurality of non-consumable Cu—Ni—Fe anodes and cathodes are disposed in a vertical direction in the electrolyte, the cathodes having a plate configuration and the anodes having a flat configuration to compliment the cathodes. The anodes contain apertures therethrough to permit flow of electrolyte through the apertures to provide alumina-enriched electrolyte between the anodes and the cathodes. Electrical current is passed through the anodes and through the electrolyte to the cathodes, depositing aluminum at the cathodes and producing gas at the anodes.

This invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing an output solution having a predetermined level of available free chlorine including two or more parallel production lines. Each production line includes an electrolytic cell, means for passing a saline solution having a substantially constant chloride ion concentration through the cell, means for applying a substantially constant current across the cell, and means for dispensing output solution from the cell.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a hydroxyapatite/nano silver antibacterial composite coating through pulse electrochemical deposition, which comprises: using a calcium salt, phosphate, silver nitrate and a proper amount of coordination agent to prepare electrolyte with certain concentration and pH value, and performing electrodeposition in a electrolytic cell provided with a three-electrode system; taking a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet as a counter electrode and biological medical metal to be coated as a working electrode, wherein the pulse high electric potential is 0 volt, the pulse low electric potential is -2.0 volts, the pulse width is 100 seconds, and the deposition time is 2 hours; and depositing compositions in the coating on a base material in a mode of ions, uniformly dispersing nano silver generated during deposition in the composite coating, and finally preparing the hydroxyapatite/nano silver antibacterial compositecoating.

Contemplated devices and methods include an electrolytic cell having a cathode and a carbon felt anode, wherein the carbon felt anode is configured as a flow-through anode for an aqueous solution in which a contaminant is dissolved or dispersed. The cell is operated at a current density that promotes formation of oxidizing species in neutral pH to thus destroy the contaminant and at a flow rate sufficient to prevent oxidative damage of the carbon felt.

The invention discloses a method for preparing phosphaalkene by utilizing electrochemistry. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, assembling an electrolytic cell by using an inert electrode as a positive electrode and phosphorus as a negative electrode, wherein in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte solution is one or several of an aqueous electrolyte solution, an organic electrolyte solution and an ionic liquid electrolyte solution containing the electrolyte; applying direct current or alternating current voltage between the two electrodes of the electrolytic cell and stripping the phosphorus into phosphaalkene under a function of a direct current electric field or an alternating current electric field; and performing filtration treatment to obtain a stripped product, washing the stripped product for a plurality of times by using an organic solvent, centrifugally separating and drying to obtain the required phosphaalkene. According to the method, a phosphaalkene material with good quality, high yield and low cost can be conveniently, quickly and securely produced in an environment-friendly form, and can be applied to multiple fields of secondary ion batteries, supercapacitors, solar batteries, fuel batteries, electro-catalysis, electronic elements, bioanalysis, biological sensors and the like.