14057 results about "Vanadium" patented technology

Provided is a method of manufacturing a large-sized vanadium oxide thin film having a uniform surface, uniform film thickness and stable composition. According to the method, a vanadium-organometallic compound gas is injected into a chamber to form adsorption layer where molecules of the vanadium-organometallic compound are adsorbed on the surface of a substrate. After that, an oxygen precursor is injected into the chamber and thus allowed to accomplish surface-saturation reaction with the adsorbed materials to fabricate a vanadium oxide thin film.

The invention includes processes for combined polymer surface treatment and metal deposition. Processes of the invention include forming an aqueous solution containing a metal activator, such as an oxidized species of silver, cobalt, ruthenium, cerium, iron, manganese, nickel, rhodium, or vanadium. The activator can be suitably oxidized to a higher oxidation state electrochemically. Exposing a part to be plated (such as an organic resin, e.g. a printed circuit board substrate) to the solution enables reactive hydroxyl species (e.g. hydroxyl radicals) to be generated and to texture the polymer surface. Such texturing facilitates good plated metal adhesion. As part of this contacting process sufficient time is allowed for both surface texturing to take place and for the oxidized metal activator to adsorb onto said part. The part is then contacted with a reducing agent capable of reducing the metal activator to a lower ionic form, or a lower oxidation state. That reduction can result in the formation of metallic catalytic material over the surface of the part. The reduced metal activator can then function to catalyze the electroless deposition of metal such as copper from solution by contacting the part with the plating solution.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for forming a bit body for an earth-boring bit. The bit body may comprise hard particles, wherein the hard particles comprise at least one carbide, nitride, boride, and oxide and solid solutions thereof, and a binder binding together the hard particles. The binder may comprise at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, and iron, and at least one melting point reducing constituent selected from a transition metal carbide in the range of 30 to 60 weight percent, boron up to 10 weight percent, silicon up to 20 weight percent, chromium up to 20 weight percent, and manganese up to 25 weight percent, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the binder. In addition, the hard particles may comprise at least one of (i) cast carbide (WC+W2C) particles, (ii) transition metal carbide particles selected from the carbides of titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, and tungsten, and (iii) sintered cemented carbide particles.

A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of first metal, a silicaceous support, and at least one support modifier. Preferably, the first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, titanium, zinc, chromium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten. In addition the catalyst may comprise a second metal preferably selected from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tin, chromium, iron, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, palladium, platinum, lanthanum, cerium, manganese, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, and nickel.

A magnetic nerve stimulator system is comprised of a core constructed from a material having a high field saturation with a coil winding. A thyrister capacitive discharge circuit pulses the device. A rapidly changing magnetic field is guided by the core, preferably vanadium permendur. For task specific excitation of various nerve groups, specially constructed cores allow for excitation of nerves at deeper levels with higher efficiency than is possible with air-core stimulators. Among the applications possible with this invention are treatment of incontinence, rehabilitation of large muscle groups in the leg and arm, and excitation of abdominal wall muscle groups to aid in weight loss and metabolic rate increase. A C-shape is employed for focussing the stimulation as desired.

The carbon electrode material of the present invention is used for a vanadium redox-flow cell. The carbon electrode material has quasi-graphite crystal structure in which <002> spacing obtained by X-ray wide angle analysis is 3.43 to 3.60 Å, size of a crystallite in c axial direction is 15 to 33 Å and size of crystallite in a axial direction is 30 to 70 Å. In addition, an amount of surface acidic functional groups obtained by XPS surface analysis is 0.1 to 1.2% and total number of surface bound-nitrogen atoms is 5% or smaller relative to total number of surface carbon atoms. The carbon electrode materials formed of a non-woven fabric of a carbonaceouss fiber is preferable.

A piston ring has a diamond-like carbon film formed in a thickness of 0.5 to 30 micrometers over an under film on the upper and lower surfaces. The under film is directly formed on the surfaces, or formed on a hard surface treatment layer consisting of a gas nitrided layer or a chromium plating film. The diamond-like carbon is configured with any one of an amorphous carbon structure, an amorphous carbon structure having partly a diamond structure, or an amorphous carbon structure having partly a graphite structure. The under film is comprised of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, niobium and vanadium in an atomic content of 70 percent or more and below 100 percent, and the remaining content consisting of carbon, or one or more of said elements in an atomic content of 100 percent. The films may also be formed in the same way on the outer circumferential surface of the piston ring.

A zinc ion-exchanging battery device comprising: (A) a cathode comprising two cathode active materials (a zinc ion intercalation compound and a surface-mediating material); (B) an anode containing zinc metal or zinc alloy; (C) a porous separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; and (D) an electrolyte containing zinc ions that are exchanged between the cathode and the anode during battery charge/discharge. The zinc ion intercalation compound is selected from chemically treated carbon or graphite material having an expanded inter-graphene spacing d₀₀₂ of at least 0.5 nm, or an oxide, carbide, dichalcogenide, trichalcogenide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, or a combination thereof. The surface-mediating material contains exfoliated graphite or multiple single-layer sheets or multi-layer platelets of a graphene material.

High temperature aluminum alloys that can be used at temperatures from about −420° F. (−251° C.) up to about 650° F. (343° C.) are described herein. These alloys comprise aluminum; scandium; at least one of nickel, iron, chromium, manganese and cobalt; and at least one of zirconium, gadolinium, hafnium, yttrium, niobium and vanadiuim. These alloys comprise an aluminum solid solution matrix and a mixture of various dispersoids. These alloys are substantially free of magnesium.

A process for the preparation of polyethylene resins having a multimodal molecular weight distribution which comprises:(i) contacting ethylene monomer and a comonomer comprising an alpha-olefin having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms with a first catalyst system in a first reactor under first polymerisation conditions to produce a first polyethylene having a first molecular weight, an HLMI of not more than 0.5 g/10 min and a first density of not more than 0.925 g/ml and the first catalyst system comprising (a) a metallocene catalyst comprising a bis tetrahydroindenyl compound of the general formula (IndH4)2R''MQ2 in which each Ind is the same or different and is indenyl or substituted indenyl, R'' is a bridge which comprises a C1-C20 alkylene radical, a dialkyl germanium or silicon or siloxane, or an alkyl phosphine or amine radical, which bridge is substituted or unsubstituted, M is a Group IVB transition metal or vanadium and each Q is hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or halogen; and (b) a cocatalyst which activates the catalyst component;(ii) providing a second polyethylene having a second lower molecular weight and second higher density than the first polyethylene, the second polyethylene having been produced using a catalyst other than the bis tetrahydroindenyl compound; and(iii) mixing together the first and second polyethylenes to form a polyethylene resin having a multimodal molecular weight distribution.

The invention relates to a battery electrode material, in particular to a lithium titanate composite electrode material with surface coating layer; in the lithium titanate composite electrode material with surface coating layer, the electrode material is composed of lithium titanate particles and a coating layer coated with the surface of the lithium titanate particles; the particle size of the lithium titanate particles is 100nm-95mum, the average thickness of the surface coating layer is 0.2nm-5m, and the particle diameter of the composite electrode material is 0.1-100mum; the material of the surface coating layer is one or mixture of more than one kind of insulation oxide, insulation composite oxide, aluminium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, lithium fluoride, lithium phosphate or LiMPO4, wherein M is magnesium, ferrum, cobalt, nickel, chromium, titanium or vanadium; in the invention, by carrying out surface coating treatment to the surfaces of the existing lithium titanate particles, a layer of protective film is formed on the surface, so as to change the physical and chemical characteristics of the surface of the lithium titanate active material, the surface can not be reacted with electrolyte even if under overpotential condition, so as to avoid ballooning and ensure the capacity and the circularity of the battery not to be reduced.

A method of forming an article from an alpha-beta titanium including, in weight percentages, from about 2.9 to about 5.0 aluminum, from about 2.0 to about 3.0 vanadium, from about 0.4 to about 2.0 iron, from about 0.2 to about 0.3 oxygen, from about 0.005 to about 0.3 carbon, from about 0.001 to about 0.02 nitrogen, and less than about 0.5 of other elements. The method comprises cold working the alpha-beta titanium alloy.

A process for the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants, such as dienes and olefins, from an aromatics reformate by contacting an aromatics reformate stream with a hydrotreating catalyst and/or a molecular sieve. The hydrotreating catalyst substantially converts all dienes to oligomers and partially converts olefins to alkylaromatics. The molecular sieve converts the olefins to alkylaromatics. The process provides an olefin depleted product which can be passed through a clay treater to substantially convert the remaining olefins to alkylaromatics. The hydrotreating catalyst has a metal component of nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-nickel-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten, cobalt-molybdenum or nickel-tungsten-titanium, with a nickel molybdenum/alumina catalyst being preferred. The molecular sieve is an intermediate pore size zeolite, preferably MCM-22. The clay treatment can be carried out with any clay suitable for treating hydrocarbons.

Metabolic energy capacity enhancing compositions and methods for reducing oxidative stress and improving vitality in a mammal are disclosed. A composition for increasing metabolic energy capacity may be in a palatable liquid formulation or a solid dosage form and typically includes an anti-oxidant containing phytonectar and an energy catalyst. An anti-oxidant may include a polyphenol, anthrocyanin, bioflavonoid, proanthocyanidin, and a xanthone. An energy catalyst may include a mineral, vitamin, co-vitamin, carbohydrate and a lipid. In a presently preferred embodiment a composition includes phytonectar extracts from grape, aloe vera, apple, morinda citrifolia, scullcap, blueberry, prune, cranberry, elderberry, bilberry, and gentain and a mineral blend containing calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, chromium, selenium, iron, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, potassium, iodine, and cobalt. A method for increasing metabolic energy capacity in a mammal may include consuming a chemical component having the ability to undergo oxidation, producing free radicals and administering a composition having an anti-oxidant containing phytonectar and an energy catalyst.

A low softening point glass composition, which is substantially free from lead, bismuth and antimony and comprises oxides of vanadium, phosphorous, tellurium and iron, a softening point of the composition being 380° C. or lower.

This invention discloses materials for positive electrodes of secondary batteries and their methods of fabrication. Said materials comprise of granules of an active material for positive electrodes coated with an oxide layer. The active material is one or more of the following: oxides of lithium cobalt, oxides of lithium nickel cobalt, oxides of lithium nickel cobalt manganese, oxides of lithium manganese, LiCoO₂, LiNi_1-xCo_xO₂, LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂, and LiMn₂O₄. The non-oxygen component in the oxide layer is one or more of the following: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, vanadium, titanium, tin, silicon, boron, Al, Mg, Zn, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce, V, Ti, Sn, Si, and B. Said non-oxygen component of the granules is between 0.01 wt. % to 10 wt. % of said granules of active material. The methods of fabrication for said materials includes the steps of mixing an additive and an active material for positive electrodes uniformly in water or solvent, evaporating said solvent or water, and heat treating the remaining mixture at 300° C. to 900° C. for between 1 hour to 20 hours. The additive is a compound of one or more of the following elements: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, vanadium, titanium, tin, silicon, boron, Al, Mg, Zn, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce, V, Ti, Sn, Si, and B where the element is between 0.01 wt. % to 10 wt. % of said active material. Using the materials of positive electrodes disclosed above or materials for positive electrodes fabricated in the methods disclosed above in batteries produces batteries with excellent cycling and high temperature properties.