98results about "Electrolyte holding means" patented technology

Embodiments disclosed herein comprise a wave energy converter (WEC) that includes a buoyant chamber with a tube depending from the buoyant chamber. In an embodiment, a battery is coupled to the WEC. In an embodiment, the battery includes a first tank for storing an oxidizing gas and a precursor fluid, and a second tank for storing a fuel. In an embodiment the battery further includes a fuel cell fluidically coupled to the first tank and the second tank, and a reaction pipe fluidically coupled to the first tank and the second tank.

The present invention relates to an electrolyte containing vanadium ions, and a secondary battery comprising same, and, more specifically, to an electrolyte containing vanadium ions, the electrolyte having concentrations of vanadium ions and an acidic solution that are adjusted to be different in a cathode electrolyte and an anode electrolyte, which are used in a secondary battery using an electrolyte containing vanadium ions, so as to lower the self-discharge rate of a secondary battery, thereby enabling performance to be enhanced.

Provided is a hydroxide ion-conducting separator excellent in alkali resistance and capable of further effectively suppressing short circuiting caused by zinc dendrites. The LDH compound separator includes a porous substrate made of a high molecular material and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) compound that seals the pores of the porous substrate. The average porosity of the central portion in the thickness direction of the LDH compound separator is lower than the average porosity of the portion near the surface of the LDH compound separator.

The present invention relates to a microbial fuel cell using an electron absorber having high reduction potential, and a method of generating electric energy using same, and more specifically, to: a microbial fuel cell in which an electron absorber solution having high reduction potential is used as a reduction electrolyte, an organic solution that is an electron donor is used as an oxidization electrolyte, the reduced reduction electrolyte is regenerated through electrolysis in an electrolysis battery and re-supplied to the reduction electrolyte, a separation membrane provided with one or more O-rings in order to prevent leakage is included, hydrogen gas generated from the electrolysis can be supplied to a fuel cell to generate additional electric energy, such that a large quantity of electric power can be generated cost-efficiently, energy from an existing electricity generation system, such as solar electric energy.

Disclosed is an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell, and method of operation, comprising a first gas diffusion electrode configured to generate a first gas and be in contact with and adjacent to a first gas body comprising the first gas, and a second gas diffusion electrode configured to generate a second gas and be in contact with and adjacent to a second gas body comprising the second gas. A porous capillary spacer is positioned between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode. The porous capillary spacer is configured to be filled with a liquid electrolyte and to confine the liquid electrolyte in the porous capillary spacer by a capillary effect and whereby the liquid electrolyte has a maximum column height of more than 0.4 cm.

Embodiments described herein include systems and methods for managing electrical power among various energy generation, storage, and consumption systems, including micro-grids or nano-grids. Computing systems and electrical hardware send and receive electrical power, to or from various energy storage, transfer, and consumption sites, particularly where certain nano-grids are not electrically wired to the energy generation and storage subsystems. A grid adapter receives energy from various sources, reduces noise in the electrical waveform (e.g., harmonics), and determines an amount of power to deliver to nano-grids via electrical connections or delivery vehicles to achieve acceptable operation according to grid codes or other operational configurations. A storage system may include a flow battery that exchanges electricity, based on required power or surplus power, with delivery vehicles according to an electrolyte swap for the flow battery.

A cell frame (4) for forming an electrochemical cell (2), particularly for a redox flow battery, is described and illustrated. The cell frame (4) circumscribes at least one cell interior (5) and includes at least one feed channel (13) for feeding electrolyte into the cell interior (5). The feed channel (13) has an inlet opening (18) separated from the cell interior (5) for the fed electrolyte and an outlet opening (19) adjacent to the cell interior (5) for allowing the fed electrolyte to flow out into the cell interior (5). To enable increased power density, the feed channel (13) has at least one transport channel (21) at least partially connecting the inlet opening (18) to the outlet opening (19) for transporting electrolyte into the cell interior (5) via the feed channel (13), and at least one return channel (22) for partially returning the fed electrolyte in a direction opposite to the transport direction (T) of the fed electrolyte in the transport channel (21). Each return channel (22) is in fluid contact with a transport channel (21) via at least one inlet opening (25) for the inflow of the returned electrolyte and an outlet opening (26) for the outflow of the returned electrolyte, said openings being spaced apart from one another in the transport direction (T) of the delivered electrolyte.

A polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane has been developed for redox flow batteries and other electrochemical reaction applications. The polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane comprises an ionically conductive thin film composite membrane comprising a microporous support membrane, a hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer on the surface of the microporous support membrane, and a poly electrolyte multilayer coating on the second surface of the hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer (the side opposite the support membrane). The polyelectrolyte multilayer coating comprises alternating layers of a polycation polymer and a polyanion polymer. Methods of making the polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane and redox flow battery system including the polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane are also described.

Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having: increased volume of the microporous polymer structure relative to the total volume of the PEM; decreased permeance and thus increased selectivity; and lower ionomer content. An increased amount of polymers of the microporous polymer structure is mixed with a low equivalent weight ionomer (e.g., < 460 cc / mole eq) to obtain a composite material having at least two distinct materials. Various embodiments provide a composite membrane comprising a microporous polymer structure that occupies from 13 vol% to 65 vol% of a total volume of the composite membrane, and an ionomer impregnated in the microporous polymer structure. The acid content of the composite membrane is 1.2 meq / cc to 3.5 meq / cc, and / or the thickness of the composite membrane is less than 17 microns. The selectivity of the composite membrane is greater than 0.05 MPa / mV, based on proton conductance and hydrogen permeance.

To provide a technique that can prevent a polymer electrolyte from peeling off from a support film even when the polymer electrolyte with a large thickness swells.SOLUTION: A polymer electrolyte 91 with a thickness of 50 μm or more is supported by a support film 92. The support film 92 has a base film 921 and an adhesive layer 922. The adhesive layer 922 covers one side of the base film 921. The thickness of the base film 921 is between 50 μm and 300 μm. When the adherend is a PET film, the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer, according to the test method of JISZ0237, is 0.05 N / cm or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

A controller stops flow of posolyte through a positive electrode chamber of a flow cell to trap the posolyte within the positive electrode chamber and hydraulically isolate the flow cell without stopping flow of negolyte through a negative electrode chamber of the flow cell, discharges the flow cell until hydrogen gas is evolved at a reactive surface of the positive electrode chamber while the posolyte is trapped within the positive electrode chamber, and subsequently discontinues the discharge and restarts the flow of the posolyte through the positive electrode chamber.

Disclosed is an electro-synthetic water electrolysis cell, and method of operation, comprising a first gas diffusion electrode configured to generate a first gas and be in direct contact with a first gas body comprising the first gas, and a second electrode. A porous capillary spacer is configured to be filled with a liquid electrolyte and is positioned between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second electrode. Preferably, an average pore diameter of the porous capillary spacer is more than 2 µm (microns).

Provided is a hybrid battery pack including a plurality of battery modules (100) disposed side by side, and a redox flow battery (200) disposed at one side of the plurality of battery modules (100), wherein an electrolyte path along which an electrolyte circulating in the redox flow battery (200) flows is disposed between the plurality of the battery modules (100).

Described and illustrated is a cell frame for forming an electrochemical cell, in particular of a redox flow battery, peripherally enclosing at least one cell interior and including at least one feed channel for feeding electrolyte into the cell interior, wherein the feed channel has an inlet opening, spaced from the cell interior, for the electrolyte to be fed and an outlet opening, adjacent to the cell interior, for the electrolyte to be fed to flow out into the cell interior. In order that the power density can be increased, it is provided that the feed channel has at least one transport channel, connecting at least in sections the inlet opening with the outlet opening, for transporting the electrolyte through the feed channel into the cell interior and at least one return channel for partially returning the electrolyte to be fed counter to the transport direction (T) of the electrolyte to be fed in the transport channel, in that the return channel is in fluid contact with the transport channel via in each case at least one entry opening for entry of the electrolyte to be returned and exit opening for exit of the electrolyte to be returned, spaced from one another in the transport direction (T) of the electrolyte to be fed.

The present application relates to the field of fuel cells and their manufacturing technology, and in particular to a salt cavern flow battery system, comprising a stack; n positive salt caverns for separately storing positive electrode electrolytes of different valence states, and m negative salt caverns for separately storing negative electrode electrolytes of different valence states; the positive electrode of the stack and the n positive salt caverns are connected in series via a pipe to form a first closed loop; the negative electrode of the stack and the m negative salt caverns are connected in series via a pipe to form a second closed loop; a first pusher is provided in the first closed loop to push the positive electrode electrolyte to circulate in the first closed loop; a second pusher is provided in the second closed loop to push the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate in the second closed loop. The salt cavern flow battery system provided by the present application can improve the charge and discharge energy density of the salt cavern flow battery system.

A fluid container (3) is provided with a first metal member (31), a second metal member (32), and an adhesive section (34). The first and second metal members (31, 32) contain chromium. The adhesive section (34) is configured from an oxide having chromium as the main component. The adhesive section (34) adheres the first metal member (31) and the second metal member (32) to each other. The adhesive section (34) has a base section (341) and a convex section (342). The protruding portion (342) protrudes from the base portion (341) in the thickness direction.

The controller blocks the flow of the positive electrolyte through the positive electrode chamber of the flow battery to retain the positive electrolyte in the positive electrode chamber and hydraulically isolate the flow battery without stopping the flow of the negative electrolyte through the negative electrode chamber of the flow battery; when retaining the positive electrolyte in the positive electrode chamber, the flow battery discharges until hydrogen gas escapes at the reaction surface of the positive electrode chamber; and then stops discharging and restarts the flow of the positive electrolyte through the positive electrode chamber.

Disclosed is a zero-gap electrochemical cell structure that employs molecular-level capillary, diffusion, and / or osmotic effects to minimize the need for macroscopic external management of the electrochemical cell. Preferably, these effects are inherently responsive to conditions in the electrochemical cell, making it self-regulating. In one example, an electrosynthesis or electric energy cell and method of operation are disclosed that includes a reservoir for containing a liquid electrolyte, a first gas diffusion electrode located outside the reservoir, and a second electrode located outside the reservoir. A porous capillary spacer is located between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second electrode, the porous capillary spacer having an end that extends into the reservoir. Preferably, the porous capillary spacer is capable of filling itself with liquid electrolyte when the end of the porous capillary spacer is in liquid contact with the liquid electrolyte in the reservoir.

There is provided a composite electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical device, comprising at least one reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a microporous polymer structure and an ion exchange material, in which the ion exchange material is at least partially embedded within the microporous polymer structure to render the microporous polymer structure occlusive. The composite electrolyte membrane further comprises a plurality of porous layers comprising a first porous layer and a second porous layer, in which the first porous layer is adjacent to the first surface of the first reinforced polymer electrolyte and the second porous layer is adjacent to the second surface of the reinforced polymer electrolyte. Also disclosed is a membrane electrode assembly comprising such a composite electrolyte membrane and a redox flow battery, fuel cell, and electrolyzer comprising such a membrane electrode assembly.

A microbial fuel cell that can improve energy utilization rate and extend the life of the fuel cell, and a method for producing electric energy using the same are provided. [Solution] An electron absorber solution with a high reduction potential is used as the posolite, and an organic solution that is an electron donor is used as the negolite. The reduced posolite is regenerated by electrolysis with electrolytic electricity and supplied to the posolite again. A separator membrane equipped with one or more O-rings is included to prevent leakage, and hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis is supplied to the fuel cell.

An electrosynthetic or electrical energy cell is disclosed that includes a first gas diffusion electrode and a second electrode. A spacer, including but not limited to a porous capillary spacer, is at least partially positioned between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second electrode. In one form, the liquid electrolyte is transferred onto a side surface of the separator beyond the electrode. In one example, a liquid electrolyte reservoir is also provided in which the first gas diffusion electrode, the second electrode, and the spacer are positioned outside the liquid electrolyte reservoir. In one example, a liquid electrolyte reservoir includes an aperture for releasing a liquid electrolyte. In another form, an intermediate liquid supply structure is located at least partially between the spacer and the liquid electrolyte reservoir, where the liquid electrolyte is transferred through the intermediate liquid supply structure. Methods of operation and cell stacks are also disclosed.

Disclosed is a zero-gap electrochemical cell structure that employs molecular-level capillary, diffusion, and / or osmotic effects to minimize the need for macroscopic external management of the electrochemical cell. Preferably, these effects are inherently responsive to conditions in the electrochemical cell, making it self-regulating. In one example, an electrosynthesis or electric energy cell and method of operation are disclosed that includes a reservoir for containing a liquid electrolyte, a first gas diffusion electrode located outside the reservoir, and a second electrode located outside the reservoir. A porous capillary spacer is located between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second electrode, the porous capillary spacer having an end that extends into the reservoir. Preferably, the porous capillary spacer is capable of filling itself with liquid electrolyte when the end of the porous capillary spacer is in liquid contact with the liquid electrolyte in the reservoir.

A composite electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical device is provided, comprising at least one reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane having a first surface and an opposite second surface. The reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a microporous polymer structure and an ion exchange material, the ion exchange material being at least partially embedded within the microporous polymer structure to render the microporous polymer structure occlusive. The composite electrolyte membrane further comprises a plurality of porous layers, including a first porous layer and a second porous layer, the first porous layer being adjacent to a first surface of the first reinforced polymer electrolyte, and the second porous layer being adjacent to a second surface of the reinforced polymer electrolyte. Also disclosed are membrane electrode assemblies comprising such composite electrolyte membranes, and redox flow batteries, fuel cells and electrolysis devices comprising such membrane electrode assemblies.

Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having: increased volume of the microporous polymer structure relative to the total volume of the PEM; decreased permeance and thus increased selectivity; and lower ionomer content. An increased amount of polymers of the microporous polymer structure is mixed with a low equivalent weight ionomer (e.g., < 460 cc / mole eq) to obtain a composite material having at least two distinct materials. Various embodiments provide a composite membrane comprising a microporous polymer structure that occupies from 13 vol% to 65 vol% of a total volume of the composite membrane, and an ionomer impregnated in the microporous polymer structure. The acid content of the composite membrane is 1.2 meq / cc to 3.5 meq / cc, and / or the thickness of the composite membrane is less than 17 microns. The selectivity of the composite membrane is greater than 0.05 MPa / mV, based on proton conductance and hydrogen permeance.

A fluid container (3) comprises a first metal member (31), a second metal member (32), and an adhesive part (34). The first and second metal members (31, 32) contain chromium. The adhesive part (34) is composed of an oxide containing chromium as a main component. The adhesive part (34) adheres the first metal member (31) to the second metal member (32). The adhesive part (34) includes a base section (341) and protruding sections (342). The protruding sections (342) protrude in the thickness direction from the base part (341).

A redox flow battery system includes a redox flow battery and an ancillary cell that is fluidly connected to the redox flow battery. The ancillary cell includes a barrier electrolyte chamber containing a barrier electrolyte solution. The ancillary cell is designed to adjust either the state of charge or the pH of first and second electrolyte solutions in the redox flow battery.

The utility model discloses an electrolyte storage tank and a flow battery system, and the electrolyte storage tank comprises a tank body, a liquid inlet is formed in the position, close to the top, of the tank body, and a liquid outlet is formed in the position, close to the bottom, of the tank body; the liquid inlet pipe group comprises a liquid inlet guide pipe, a liquid distribution main pipe, a plurality of liquid distribution branch pipes axially distributed around the liquid distribution main pipe and a flow uniformizing pipe extending downwards, and a plurality of liquid distribution holes distributed at intervals are formed in the side face of the flow uniformizing pipe; after the electrolyte is sprayed out from the liquid distribution holes, impact force is generated and acts on the electrolyte in the tank so as to form a stirring effect; and a liquid outlet pipe. According to the utility model, an electrolyte in the tank body can be stirred, so that the electrolyte is more uniformly distributed in the tank body, and meanwhile, the electrolyte can be more uniformly distributed in the vertical direction due to the arrangement of the liquid distribution holes, so that the concentration gradient and the temperature gradient of the electrolyte are effectively relieved, and the stability of a flow battery system is further improved.

Disclosed is a method of operating an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell to perform an electrochemical reaction. Also disclosed is an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell comprising a reservoir containing a liquid electrolyte, a first gas diffusion electrode, and a second electrode. A porous capillary spacer is positioned between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second electrode. Preferably, the porous capillary spacer has an end positioned within the reservoir and in liquid contact with the liquid electrolyte. The method comprises the steps of contacting the first gas diffusion electrode and the second electrode with the liquid electrolyte, and applying or generating a voltage across the first gas diffusion electrode and the second electrode.

This invention discloses a battery cell structure for a hybrid solid oxide electrolytic cell stack. The battery cell structure includes a hydrogen flow channel, an oxygen flow channel, and a water vapor reaction chamber. One side of the water vapor reaction chamber is separated from the hydrogen flow channel by a proton conductor electrolyte battery; the other side of the water vapor reaction chamber is separated from the oxygen flow channel by an oxygen ion conductor electrolyte battery. The water vapor reaction chamber is filled with a porous electronic conductor, which connects the positive electrode side of the proton conductor electrolyte battery to the negative electrode side of the oxygen ion conductor electrolyte battery. The proton conductor electrolyte battery converts the water vapor in the water vapor reaction chamber into protons and generates hydrogen gas in the hydrogen flow channel. The oxygen ion conductor electrolyte battery converts the water vapor in the water vapor reaction chamber into oxygen ions and generates oxygen gas in the oxygen flow channel.

A method of regenerating a symmetrical redox flow battery includes: a first discharge process having a duration in which a capacity of the redox flow battery in a first polarity and comprising a membrane decreases from a first to a second capacity, the process comprising: flowing a catholyte through a catholyte compartment in the first polarity; flowing an anolyte through an anolyte compartment in the first polarity; wherein: the first polarity of the redox flow battery includes a membrane having a first face in fluid communication with the catholyte compartment and a second face in fluid communication with the anolyte compartment; and the first and the second faces of the membrane being opposing surfaces of the membrane; and a second discharge process comprising: reversing the polarity of the catholyte and anolyte compartments wherein: the redox flow battery in the second polarity exhibits an initial increased capacity compared to the second capacity from the first discharge process.