613results about "Organic diaphragms" patented technology

The present invention relates to composite solid polymer electrolyte membranes (SPEMs) which include a porous polymer substrate interpenetrated with an ion-conducting material. SPEMs of the present invention are useful in electrochemical applications, including fuel cells and electrodialysis.

A reactor comprising: a hollow shell defining a hermetic enclosure; a plurality of tube sheets disposed within said hermetic enclosure, a first one of said plurality of tube sheets defining a first chamber; at least one reaction tube each having a first end and an opposing second end, said first end being fixedly attached and substantially hermetically sealed to one end of said plurality of tube sheets and opening into said first chamber, the second end being axially unrestrained; each of said reaction tubes is comprised of an oxygen selective ion transport membrane with an anode side wherein said oxygen selective ion transport membrane is formed from a mixed conductor metal oxide that is effective for the transport of elemental oxygen at elevated temperatures and at least a portion of said first and second heat transfer sections are formed of metal; each of said reaction tubes includes first and second heat transfer sections and a reaction section, said reaction section disposed between said first and second heat transfer sections; a reforming catalyst disposed about said anode side of said oxygen selective ion transport membrane; a first process gas inlet; a second process gas inlet; and, a plurality of outlets.

An exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction are thermally combined in a reactor having at least one oxygen selective ion transport membrane that provides the exothermic reaction with oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas such as air. The thermal requirements of the endothermic reaction are satisfied by the exothermic reaction. Dependent on the reactor design employed, the exothermic and endothermic reactions may be gaseously combined.

The invention relates to electrolyte salts for electrochemical devices of improved physical, chemical and electrochemical stability. The improvement resides in the use of anions of salts of the formula comprising: i) (B12FxZ12-x)2− wherein Z comprises at least one of H, Cl, Br or OR; R comprises at least one of H, alkyl or fluoroalkyl, or at least one polymer and x is at least 3 on an average basis but not more than 12; ii) ((R′R″R′″)NB12FxZ(11-x))−, wherein N is bonded to B and each of R′, R″, R′″ comprise a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and a polymer; Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, where R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11; or iii) (R″″CB11FxZ(11-x))−, wherein R″″ is bonded to C and comprises a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and a polymer, Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, wherein R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11.

Fuel cells are described and contain a gas diffusion electrode, a gas diffusion counter-electrode, an electrolyte membrane located between the electrode and counter-electrode. The electrode or counter-electrode or both contain at least one modified carbon product. The electrolyte membrane can also or alternatively contain modified carbon products as well. The modified carbon product is a carbon product having attached at least one organic group. Preferably the organic group is a proton conducting group and / or an electron conducting group. The present invention preferably permits the elimination of fluoropolymer binder in the active or catalyst layer and further preferably leads to a thinner active layer and / or a thinner electrolyte membrane. Other uses and advantages are also described.

A first process for producing a modified electrolyte consistent with the present invention comprises an amine treatment step of contacting a solid polymer electrolyte or a precursor thereof with an amine compound. Further, a first modified electrolyte consistent with the present invention consists essentially of what is obtained in such a process. A second process for producing the modified electrolyte consistent with the present invention includes a step of introducing, to a solid polymer compound having a functional group A, a first modifying agent comprising at least one functional group B capable of reacting with the functional group A thereby forming a first intermediate acid group; and the step also includes reacting the functional group A and the functional group B. Further, a second modified electrolyte consistent with the present invention comprises a solid polymer compound having side chains, at least one terminal acid group present at terminals of the side chains, and at least one intermediate acid group and / or reformed acid group present within the side chains identical with the side chains containing the terminal acid group.

An electrochemical device converts carbon dioxide to a formic acid reaction product. The device includes an anode and a cathode, each comprising a quantity of catalyst. The anode and cathode each have reactant introduced thereto. Two membranes, a cation exchange polymer electrolyte membrane and an anion exchange polymer electrolyte membrane, are interposed between the anode and the cathode, forming a central flow compartment where a carbon dioxide reduction product, such as formic acid, can be recovered. At least a portion of the cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous carbon dioxide during electrolysis. The average current density at the membrane is at least 20 mA / cm2, measured as the area of the cathode gas diffusion layer that is covered by catalyst, and formate ion selectivity is at least 50% at a cell potential difference of 3.0 V. In some embodiments, at least one polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a polymer in which a constituent monomer is (p-vinylbenzyl)-R, where R is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums and phosphoniums. In some embodiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane is a Helper Membrane comprising a polymer containing an imidazolium ligand, a pyridinium ligand, or a phosphonium ligand.

An acidic group-containing solid polymer, having an acidic group such as a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, and / or a phosphonic acid group, is dissolved in an organic solvent other than methanol. An ionic liquid is added to the solution to prepare a casting liquid. The casting liquid is subjected to casting in a cavity formed by an opening of a frame and a sheet member, each of which is composed of PTFE (fluorine-containing polymer material). Thereafter, the solvent is removed to yeild a proton conductor membrane.

The invention relates to a low-resistance and high-strength ion exchange membrane for the chlor-alkali industry and a preparation method of the low-resistance and high-strength ion exchange membrane. The low-resistance and high-strength ion exchange membrane is a multi-layer composite membrane comprising a perfluorosulfonic ion exchange resin layer, a perfluoropropionate ion exchange resin layer, reinforced screen cloth and gas release coatings, wherein the perfluorosulfonic ion exchange resin layer with the thickness of 80-150 micrometers and the perfluoropropionate ion exchange resin layer with the thickness of 8-12 micrometers form a perfluorosulfonic ion exchange resin base membrane, the gas release coatings with 3-12 micrometers are arranged on two outer side surfaces of the base membrane, the reinforced screen cloth is arranged in the perfluorosulfonic ion exchange resin layer, and the perfluorosulfonic ion exchange resin layer is also internally provided with a nano pore and a nano cavity. The low-resistance and high-strength ion exchange membrane can be prepared through a melt co-extruding or multi-layer hot-pressing compounding process, can be used in an ion exchange membrane in the chlor-alkali industry, and has good mechanical property and electrochemical performance.

The present invention is a fluoropolymer comprising a plurality of pendent groups terminating in —CF2SO3X, —CF2SO2F, or combinations thereof, where X is selected from a group consisting of H+ and a monovalent cation, and at least one —CF2Y end group, where Y is selected from a group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a nitrile group, and an —SO3X group.

The invention relates to high-ionic conductivity electrolyte compositions. The invention particularly relates to high-ionic conductivity electrolyte compositions of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks and their nanocomposites as quasi-solid / solid electrolyte matrix for energy generation, storage and delivery devices, in particular for hybrid solar cells, rechargeable batteries, capacitors, electrochemical systems and flexible devices. The binary or ternary component semi-interpenetrating polymer network electrolyte composition comprises: a) a polymer network with polyether backbone (component I); b) a low molecular weight linear, branched, hyper-branched polymer or any binary combination of such polymers with preferably non-reactive end groups (component-ll and / or component-Ill, for formation of ternary semi-IPN system); c) an electrolyte salt and / or a redox pair, and optionally d) a bare or surface modified nanostructured material to form a nanocomposite.

The present invention provides system, method and apparatus for creating an electric glow discharge that includes a first and second electrically conductive screens having substantially equidistant a gap between them, one or more insulators attached to the electrically conductive screens, and a non-conductive granular material disposed within the gap. The electric glow discharge is created whenever: (a) the first electrically conductive screen is connected to an electrical power source such that it is a cathode, the second electrically conductive screen is connected to the electrical power supply such that it is an anode, and the electrically conductive fluid is introduced into the gap, or (b) both electrically conductive screens are connected to the electrical power supply such they are the cathode, and the electrically conductive fluid is introduced between both electrically conductive screens and an external anode connected to the electrical power supply.

An anion transport membrane is provided enabling efficient anion exchange across the membrane, which could be used in applications like fuel cells, water electrolyzers, or water filtration systems. The structural membrane morphology is based on a hydrophobic polysulfone membrane backbone and co-grafted thereon hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) grafts and anion conducting quaternary ammonium species. This structure defines a bi-continuous morphology with locally phase-separated hydrophobic-hydrophilic domains, and a co-localization of the anion conducting quaternary ammonium species with respect to the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) grafts enabling efficient and continuous ion transport channels for facilitating anion transport.

A composite article, in an exemplary embodiment, includes a porous base membrane made from a first material having hydrophobic properties, and a coating layer formed on at least a portion of the porous membrane. The coating layer includes a crosslinked coating material, and has hydrophilic properties.

An ion conducting polymeric composition mixture comprises a copolymer of styrene and vinylbenzyl-Rs. Rs is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums, pyrazoliums, pyrrolidiniums, pyrroliums, pyrimidiums, piperidiniums, indoliums, and triaziniums. The composition contains 10%-90% by weight of vinylbenzyl-Rs. The composition can further comprise a polyolefin comprising substituted polyolefins, a polymer comprising cyclic amine groups, a polymer comprising at least one of a phenylene group and a phenyl group, a polyamide, and / or the reaction product of a constituent having two carbon-carbon double bonds. The composition can be in the form of a membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is a Helper Membrane that increases the faradaic efficiency of an electrochemical cell into which the membrane is incorporated, and also allows product formation at lower voltages than in cells without the Helper Membrane.

An electrochemical device converts carbon dioxide to a reaction product. The device includes an anode and a cathode, each comprising a quantity of catalyst. The anode and cathode each has reactant introduced thereto. A polymer electrolyte membrane is interposed between the anode and the cathode. At least a portion of the cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous carbon dioxide during electrolysis. The average current density at the membrane is at least 20 mA / cm2, measured as the area of the cathode gas diffusion layer that is covered by catalyst, and CO selectivity is at least 50% at a cell potential of 3.0 V. In some embodiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a polymer in which a constituent monomer is (p-vinylbenzyl)-R, where R is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums and phosphoniums. In some embodiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane is a Helper Membrane comprising a polymer containing an imidazolium ligand, a pyridinium ligand, or a phosphonium ligand.

An ion conducting polymeric composition mixture comprises a copolymer of styrene and vinylbenzyl-Rs. Rs is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums and pyridiniums. The composition contains 10%-90% by weight of vinylbenzyl-Rs. The composition can further comprise a polyolefin comprising substituted polyolefins, a polymer comprising cyclic amine groups, a polymer comprising at least one of a phenylene group and a phenyl group, a polyamide, and / or the reaction product of a constituent having two carbon-carbon double bonds. The composition can be in the form of a membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is a Helper Membrane that increases the faradaic efficiency of an electrochemical cell into which the membrane is incorporated, and also allows product formation at lower voltages than in cells without the Helper Membrane.

The present invention provides a solid electrolyte with high ion-conductivity which is cheap and exhibits high conductivity in an alkaline form, and stably keeps high conductivity because of a small amount of the leak of a compound bearing conductivity even in a wet state. The invention is useful in an electrochemical system using the solid electrolyte, such as a fuel cell.The solid electrolyte with high ion-conductivity comprises a hybrid compound which contains at least polyvinyl alcohol and a zirconic acid compound, and also a nitrogen-containing organic compound having a structure of amine, quaternary ammonium compound and / or imine, obtained by hydrolyzing a zirconium salt or an oxyzirconium salt in a solution including water, polyvinyl alcohol, a zirconium salt or an oxyzirconium salt and a nitrogen-containing organic compound having a structure of amine, quaternary ammonium compound and / or imine coexist, removing a solvent and contacting with alkali.

The invention relates to the following: a method for step-by-step alkylation of primary polymeric amines by step-by-step deprotonation with a metallo-organic base and a subsequent reaction with an alkyl halide; a method for modifying tertiary polymeric amines with other functional groups; polymers with secondary / tertiary amino groups and with quaternary ammonium groups; polymers with secondary / tertiary amino groups and other functional groups, especially cation exchanger groupings; membranes consisting of the above polymers, either non-crosslinked or ionically or covalently cross-linked; acid-base-blends / membranes, and a method for producing same, consisting of basic polymers with polymers containing sulphonic acid, phosphonic acid or carboxyl groups; the use of ion exchanger polymers as membranes in membrane processes, e.g., polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, redox batteries, or electrodialysis; the use of the inventive hydrophilic polymers as membranes in dialysis and reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, diffusion dialysis, gas permeation, pervaporation and perstraction.

An anion-conducting polymeric membrane comprises a terpolymer of styrene, vinylbenzyl-Rs and vinylbenzyl-Rx. Rs is a positively charged cyclic amine group. Rx is at least one constituent selected from the group consisting Cl, OH and a reaction product between an OH or Cl and a species other than a simple amine or a cyclic amine. The total weight of the vinylbenzyl-Rx groups is greater than 0.3% of the total weight of the membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is a Helper Membrane that increases the faradaic efficiency of an electrochemical cell into which the membrane is incorporated, and also allows product formation at lower voltages than in cells without the Helper Membrane.

The invention discloses a high-electric conductivity aromatic polymer ionic liquid diaphragm material and a preparation method thereof. The high-conductivity aromatic polymer ionic liquid diaphragm material comprises an cation and an anion, wherein the cation is a composite cation formed by combining at least one ion of hydrogen ions or metal ions with organic molecules; and the anion is a fluorine-contained sulfonic acid anion or a fluorine-contained sulfimide anion which is connected to an aromatic benzene ring-contained polymer side chain. Compared with the prior art, the polymer ionic liquid diaphragm material of the invention has the advantages of difficult loss of ionic liquid, electric conductivity without depending on water, penetration resistance of OH-anion, methanol or vanadium ions, and the like, can form a stable ion channel which has high ionic activity, high chemical stability, low ion activating energy and easy adsorption of organic polar solvents and is an ideal diaphragm material which can be applied to various fields of lithium ion batteries, secondary lithium ion batteries, methanol fuel batteries, liquid flow batteries, electrodialysis water treatment, atomic energy industry and analysis, catalytic synthesis, chlor-alkali industry, and the like.

To provide a reinforced electrolyte membrane to which breakage such as cracking is less likely to occur at the time of handling the reinforced electrolyte membrane during a period between after production of the reinforced electrolyte membrane and before conditioning operation of alkali chloride electrolysis, or at the time of disposing the reinforced electrolyte membrane in an electrolytic cell at the time of conditioning operation, and a process for producing the same.A reinforced electrolyte membrane 1 having an electrolyte membrane 10 containing a fluoropolymer having ion exchange groups, reinforced by a woven fabric 20 made of a reinforcing thread 22 and a sacrificial thread 24, whereinthe sacrificial thread 24 remains in the electrolyte membrane 10, a void is formed between the sacrificial thread 24 and the electrolyte membrane 10, and2000 μm2<A<600 μm2 and 0.3≦B / A<1.0 are satisfied, wherein A is the total of a cross-sectional area of the sacrificial thread 24 and a cross-sectional area of the void, and B is the cross-sectional area of the sacrificial thread 24.

The invention provides a diaphragm for a high temperature resistance alkaline water electrolyser, which is a needle-punched non-woven polyphenyl thioether diaphragm. The method for preparing the diaphragm comprises the following steps: (1) fibrous material selecting: PPS fiber is selected to prepare non-woven base cloth; (2) web carding: the fibrous material is carded into a web by a carding machine by opening and mixing; (3) web lapping: a carded single-web is manufactured into a multi-layer fibrous web with required width and thickness by lapping the web by a lapping machine; (4) strengthening: reinforced materials of the lapped multi-layer fibrous web are fed into a needle machine to manufacture a non-woven cloth with certain strength by pre-needling and multiple main needling on front side and back side; (5) post-treatment: sulfonating treatment is carried out on the non-woven cloth in 90 to 98 percent of H2SO4, and then is treated by 30 percent of potassium hydroxide solution. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, clearness and definitude, easy industrialized implementation, convenient operation and low cost; furthermore, the preparation method has easy process control so as to ensure stable performance of the product and stable quality.

An ion conducting polymeric composition mixture comprises a copolymer of styrene and vinylbenzyl-Rs. Rs is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums, pyrazoliums, pyrrolidiniums, pyrroliums, pyrimidiums, piperidiniums, indoliums, and triaziniums. The composition contains 10%-90% by weight of vinylbenzyl-Rs. The composition can further comprise a polyolefin comprising substituted polyolefins, a polymer comprising cyclic amine groups, a polymer comprising at least one of a phenylene group and a phenyl group, a polyamide, and / or the reaction product of a constituent having two carbon-carbon double bonds. The composition can be in the form of a membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is a Helper Membrane that increases the faradaic efficiency of an electrochemical cell into which the membrane is incorporated, and also allows product formation at lower voltages than in cells without the Helper Membrane.

The present invention is concerned with cross-linked sulfonated polymers, eventually perfluorinated, and their preparation process. When molded in the form of membranes, the polymers are useful in electrochemical cells, in a chlorine-sodium electrolysis process, as separator in an electrochemical preparation or organic and inorganic compounds, as separators between an aqueous phase and an organic phase, or as catalyst for Diels-Alder additions, Friedel-Craft reactions, aldol concentrations, cationic polymerisation, esterification, and acetal formation.

A reinforced perfluoro ion exchange film is composed of at least two layers of ionic film, which prepared from perfluoro ion exchange resin and fused together without interface, at least one layer of perfluoro polymer mesh as reinforcing material and the perfluoro polymer microfibres added to said filming resin. It is prepared through sequential coating. Its advantages are low film resistance, high electric current efficiency, and high mechanical strength and size stability.

The invention discloses a method for preparing copper molybdate by using a cation membrane electrolysis method. A copper sheet serves as an anode; an inert electrode serves as a cathode; Na2MoO4.2H2O solution serves as anolyte; and solution with the pH range of 0-14 serves as catholyte. A cation membrane is adopted to electrolyze sodium molybdate solution, and the obtained product is dried after being cleaned. The dried product is roasted in high temperature to obtain pure copper molybdate crystals. The method uses the optimal effect of ion-exchange membrane electrolysis to transfer Na+ into a cathode chamber; the reaction time is short; no additive is added; the pure copper molybdate can be obtained; no impurity or impurity ion exist; and the subsequent treatment is simple. The method has the advantages of simplicity, easy operation and low investment cost, and can be directly applied to the industrialized batch production.

The invention relates to a fiber-reinforced perfluorinated ion exchange membrane containing a non-continuous nano-pore canal and a preparation method thereof. A basic membrane of the membrane comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid ion exchange resin layer and a perfluorocarboxylic acid ion exchange resin layer, reinforcing fiber mesh cloth is arranged in the perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer, and gas release coatings are sprayed on the surfaces on the two outer sides of the basic membrane; and the fiber-reinforced perfluorinated ion exchange membrane is characterized in that the non-continuous nano-pore canal is further contained in the perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer. The membrane is prepared through a melting co-extrusion or multi-layer hot-pressing compounding process. The membrane is used for the ion exchange membrane in the chlor-alkali industry and has better mechanical properties and electrochemical properties.

The invention relates to the technical field of ionic membranes, and particularly relates to an ionic conductive membrane for a chlorine-alkali industry and a preparation method thereof. The ionic conductive membrane comprises a perfluorinated ion exchange resin base membrane, a micro-porous reinforcing material and a surface layer of a perfluorinated ion exchange resin microparticle. The perfluorinated ion exchange resin microparticle is a mixture of one or two of a perfluorinated carboxylic acid resin microparticle or perfluorinated sulfonic acid-carboxylic acid copolymer resin microparticle and a perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin microparticle, wherein the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin microparticle accounts for 95%-50% of the percentage by mass of the mixture. The surface layer of the ionic conductive membrane has good compatibility and adhesion and maintains a good degassing effect in the whole service life of the ionic conductive membrane. An alkali metal chloride solution of which the range of concentration is wide can be efficiently and stably treated by the ionic conductive membrane in the chlorine-alkali industry, and the ionic conductive membrane is applicable for running in a zero-pole electrolytic cell under a novel high current density condition and a very excellent product purity index is achieved. The invention also provides a preparation method of the ionic conductive membrane, the process is simple and reasonable and industrial production is easily achieved.