The invention relates to a method for decomposing pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables and disinfecting tableware through hydroxyl radical and a device adopting the method, and mainly aims to solve the technical problems that the conventional fruit, vegetable, tableware and medical instrument disinfection method and the conventional fruit, vegetable, tableware and medical instrument disinfection device are low in pesticide residue removal efficiency, and poor in innocent treatment effect and medical instrument disinfection effect. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the method comprises the following steps of releasing ozone into water, irradiating the water through a UVC 253.7nm mercury lamp and ultraviolet lamp module to generate singlet elemental oxygen for blowing up the water to generate a high-concentration hydroxyl radical aqueous solution for disinfecting, detoxifying and purifying the pesticide residues on the fruits, the vegetables and fresh food or disinfecting tableware and medicament instruments. The device disclosed by the invention comprises an ozone generator, an impeller, an aerator, a shell, the ultraviolet lamp module, an ultrasonic device, a water outlet, a water inlet, a water pump, an oxygen outlet, a sodium peroxide generator, a sodium peroxide collection tank, a sodium peroxide discharging pipe, a hanging mechanism, and a closing cover.