2160results about "Liquid/solution decomposition chemical coating" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth metal electrolysis cathode protection coatings, in particular to a high-temperature-corrosion-resistant yttrium-stabilized zirconia gradient coating on the surface of a tungsten cathode. A metallurgically bonded strong bonding bottom layer is constructed on a tungsten substrate through surface pretreatment and reactive sintering, then an atmosphere plasma technology is adopted to spray a creep-resistant gradient layer with continuous components to buffer thermal stress, and finally a sol-gel technology is utilized to construct an extremely compact corrosion-resistant surface layer in a superposition mode. The high-temperature-corrosion-resistant yttrium-stabilized zirconia gradient coating is constructed through a multi-scale and multi-mechanism synergistic effect, the problems that a tungsten cathode coating is insufficient in binding force and poor in thermal shock resistance are fundamentally solved, molten salt permeation can be blocked, and the service life of a tungsten cathode in a severe environment is remarkably prolonged.

The invention discloses a component gradient iridium tantalum coating anode and a preparation method thereof, the component gradient iridium tantalum coating anode comprises a titanium-based bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface active layer structure with component gradient, and the middle layer and the active layer are both prepared through a thermal decomposition method. And the intermediate layer is prepared on the titanium substrate and is composed of TiO2 / Ta2O5 mixed oxide. The surface active layer is prepared on the outer side of the middle layer and comprises a plurality of layers of IrO2 / Ta2O5 oxide coatings with different iridium-tantalum proportions. Compared with a traditional uniform coating anode, the prepared component gradient iridium tantalum coating anode can relieve the stress concentration phenomenon and reduce coating cracking, the service life of the anode is remarkably prolonged, and the catalytic activity of the anode is remarkably improved; the modified carbon nano tube is added into the active layer precursor solution, so that the conductivity change caused by component gradient is improved, and the cell voltage of the component gradient iridium tantalum coating anode is effectively reduced; and moreover, the iridium content is lower, and the preparation cost of the electrode is reduced.

The invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a composite thermal interface material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: plating non-reactive metal, non-reactive metal carbide or non-reactive ceramic on the surface of diamond micro powder, inducing lattice defects on the surface of a plating layer and alloying a local interface by combining a mechanical force field, and defoaming to obtain the composite thermal interface material. The composite thermal interface material has high thermal conductivity and long-term stability, and the contradiction between excessive alloying of a traditional reactive coating and high interface thermal resistance of a non-reactive coating is solved. The method is particularly suitable for the field of thermal management of high-end electronic devices such as 5G chips and power modules.

The invention belongs to the technical field of conductive microsphere preparation, and particularly relates to a surface-roughened nickel-plated conductive microsphere and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out pretreatment to enable the surfaces of the polymer microspheres to contain nickel ions, reducing the nickel ions into nickel nanoparticles, activating the microspheres and carrying out chemical plating. According to the invention, the specific surface area of the conductive microspheres is increased by reducing the nickel nanoparticles on the surfaces of the microspheres, a large amount of impurities cannot be generated among the microspheres, and adhesion among the microspheres can be effectively prevented. According to the prepared conductive microspheres, the plating layer and the polystyrene microspheres are firmly combined, and the risk that the conductivity is reduced due to the fact that the surface of the plating layer falls off is reduced. The preparation method is safe, environment-friendly, simple, convenient and suitable for industrial production requirements.

The invention relates to the technical field of corrosion-resistant coatings, in particular to a post-treatment method for improving the corrosion resistance of a chemical nickel-plated layer in a plasma environment. Comprising the following steps: preparing composite sol, coating a workpiece, carrying out plasma-assisted curing, and then carrying out heat treatment on an inorganic-organic hybrid coating framework; an inorganic-organic hybrid coating framework firmly combined with a nickel-plated layer is formed on the surface of a chemical nickel-plated workpiece under a low-temperature condition by preparing composite sol and matching with plasma-assisted curing, and rare earth elements are immobilized in situ; the inorganic-organic hybrid coating framework is further condensed through subsequent heat treatment, pore collapse and structural densification are achieved, and therefore the final compact corrosion-resistant coating is formed, and rare earth elements are fixed in the compact corrosion-resistant coating in a chemical bonding mode; therefore, thermal stress and interface stripping risks caused by a thermocuring process are eliminated, and long-acting, stable and reliable protection on a matrix under extremely harsh working conditions is realized.

A device for holding at least one planar substrate (1,2) in an apparatus for non-immersive wet-chemical treatment of the substrate (1,2) comprises a pair of flow guide surfaces (23,24;50,51;88,89) on opposite sides of a space (28;55;93) for accommodating an edge region of at least one substrate (1). The flow guide surfaces (23,24;50,51;88,89) extend in a first direction (-z) to respective edges (25,26;52,53;90,91) and extend in a second direction (y) transverse to the first direction (-z). Each of the edges (25,26;52,53;90,91) bounds a gap (27;54;92) for insertion of an edge region of at least one substrate (1) into the space (28;55;93). A dimension of the space (28;55;93) in a third direction (x) transverse to the first and second directions (-z,y) decreases in the first direction (-z) over at least part of an extent in the first direction (-z) of the space (28;55;93). The device comprises at least one first array (15;44;76) of protruding engagement features and at least one second array (16;45;77) of protruding engagement features, protruding towards each other from first and second engagement feature supports (19;20;47;49;81;84), respectively. The first and second arrays (15,16;44,45;76,77) extend in the second direction (y). The engagement feature supports (19;20;47;49;81;84) are at least partially movable with respect to each other to move the first and second arrays (15,16;44,45;76,77) in the third direction (x). The protruding engagement features are located in the space (28;55;93) at a distance from the edges (25,26;52,53;90,91) in opposite direction (z) to the first direction (-z). The space (28;55;93) is accessible to liquid at a distance from the edges (25,26;52,53;90,91) in opposite direction (z) to the first direction (-z).

The invention relates to silver-coated copper powder for conductive paste and a preparation method and application of the silver-coated copper powder. The preparation method comprises the steps that copper powder is soaked in an acid solution, and pretreated copper powder is obtained after washing; the pretreated copper powder is subjected to ultrasonic treatment in ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, and copper powder dispersion liquid is obtained; dissolving TGA in water, and adjusting the pH value to 8-9 to obtain a TGA solution; adding the copper powder dispersion liquid into a TGA solution, stirring, washing and drying to obtain TGA-coated copper powder; and adding the TGA-coated copper powder into a reduction solution of a silver nitrate and TGA aqueous solution, stirring for reaction, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the silver-coated copper powder. According to the preparation method, TGA is adopted as a pre-protection layer of copper powder and a silver ion reduction accelerant, oxidation resistance is achieved through a bidentate coordination structure formed by sulfydryl and carboxyl in thioglycollic acid and copper, silver ions are complexed through carboxyl in thioglycollic acid, the silver ions are directly reduced into silver through sulfydryl, uniform deposition of silver is guided, and the copper powder is prepared. A silver coating layer in the obtained silver-coated copper is compact and uniform, and the conductivity is excellent.

The invention discloses a titanium-based-iridium tantalum oxidation coating anode and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of anode preparation, and the preparation process of the titanium-based-iridium tantalum oxidation coating anode comprises the steps that a titanium substrate is brushed with a solution containing a tantalum source A, then sintering is conducted, brushing-sintering is repeated, and a tantalum-coated titanium substrate is obtained; the tantalum-coated titanium substrate is brushed with the iridium-tantalum oxidation coating liquid, then sintering is carried out, and brushing-sintering is repeated, so that the tantalum-coated titanium substrate is obtained; the iridium-tantalum oxidation coating liquid contains a tantalum source B, an iridium source and a zirconium source; in the iridium tantalum oxidation coating liquid, the mass ratio of tantalum to iridium is (6-7): (4-5), according to the preparation method provided by the invention, through two times of brushing, the tantalum content in the titanium-based-iridium tantalum oxidation coating anode is more than 5% greater than the iridium content, and when the titanium-based-iridium tantalum oxidation coating anode is used for an alkaline citric acid electroplating system, the decomposition of a complexing agent can be effectively inhibited, the components of the electroplating liquid are maintained to be stable, so that the quality of a plating layer is ensured, and the service life of the plating layer is prolonged. The maintenance cost of the plating solution is reduced and the service life is prolonged.

The invention discloses composite silver powder with a surface nano-coating structure and a preparation method of the composite silver powder. The composite silver powder comprises a micron-sized spherical silver powder core and a nano-silver shell layer coating the surface of the core, and the nano-silver shell layer comprises nano-silver particles making contact with one another; the D50 particle size of the core body is 1-2 microns, and the particle size D50 of the nano-silver particles is 10-100 nm; the composite spherical silver powder with micron-sized silver coated with nano-silver is prepared through a liquid phase chemical reduction method, the D50 particle size of the composite spherical silver powder is 1.67-1.70 microns, the tap density can reach 5.94 g / cm < 3 >, the specific surface area can reach 0.47 m < 2 > / g, and compared with micron-sized spherical silver powder of a single structure, the conductive performance of the silver powder can be improved by 32%, and the sintering activity is higher.

The invention relates to the technical field of integrated circuit manufacturing, in particular to a soaking device for a PCB. Comprising a box body, a feeding carrier roller set and a discharging carrier roller set are installed on the box body, a soaking pool, a liquid storage pool and a power pool are arranged in the middle of the box body, a power carrier roller set is obliquely arranged in the soaking pool, a motor is installed in the box body, a rotating roller is rotationally connected in the power pool, and a motor is installed in the rotating roller. An output shaft of the motor penetrates through the power pool and is fixedly connected with the rotating roller, and the rotating roller is slidably connected with moving strips which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. According to the PCB soaking device, the PCB is driven to move through the power carrier roller set in the soaking pool, the liquid medicine is driven to flow through the rotating rollers and the moving strips, the liquid medicine penetrates through or bypasses the PCB to circularly flow, the problem of poor cohesion between different processes in the PCB production process is solved, and the treatment efficiency of the PCB soaking process is improved through the structural design.

The invention discloses a coating and a method for recovering precious metals in a physical vapor deposition process. The coating mainly comprises a silver coating positioned on the lower layer and an organic silicon modified layer positioned on the surface of the silver coating. Before precious metal is recycled, the coating is prepared on the surface of the position where precious metal needs to be recycled in the physical vapor deposition process, after physical vapor deposition is completed, an adhesive tape is adopted to be pasted to the surface of the coating, and then the precious metal is stripped from the surface of the coating in a mode of tearing the adhesive tape; or scraping the surface of the coating by adopting a tool, so that the noble metal is stripped from the surface of the coating, and stripped noble metal chips are collected; and finally, the adhesive tape with the precious metal or the collected precious metal scraps are heated, and the precious metal is recycled from a heating product. According to the method, efficient stripping and efficient recycling of the precious metal can be achieved, the coating has no influence on physical vapor deposition equipment and the technological process, and the method is simple in technology, high in operability, environmentally friendly, free of pollution and high in economical efficiency when the precious metal is recycled and can be applied to the recycling process of the precious metal on a large scale.

The invention belongs to the field of hard alloy materials, and provides a modified high-performance non-magnetic hard alloy and a preparation process thereof. The surface of a WC particle is chemically plated with a Ni-P-B-Cr-Cu amorphous shell layer, and a binding phase is converted into Ni3P and Ni3B nanophase through two-stage sintering. The WC alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of WC, 12-25 parts of a binding phase and 0.5-1.4 parts of a grain growth inhibitor, the nanophase accounts for 35-50% of the volume of the binding phase and 35-50% of the total volume of the binding phase, and the grain size is 80-125 nm; the average grain size of WC is 0.6-1.0 [mu] m; and the thickness of an interface P enrichment layer is 8-15 nm (the coverage rate is 85-95%). Through interface engineering and controlled crystallization from amorphous to nanocrystalline, the relative magnetic conductivity is 1.001-1.015, the hardness HRA is 90.5-93.0, the strength TRS is 2.2-3.0 GPa, the toughness KWP is 300-450 N / mm, and the magnetic saturation strength is 0.02-0.15 T. The problem of decoupling of the magnetic property and the mechanical property of a traditional non-magnetic hard alloy is solved, and the non-magnetic hard alloy is suitable for magnetic sensitive environments such as semiconductor equipment, precise measurement, MRI tools and oil service logging.

The invention discloses high-oxidation-resistance flaky silver-coated copper particles and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of silver-coated copper powder. The process comprises the steps of flaky copper powder preparation, copper powder pretreatment, silver coating plating and post-treatment. The surface of the copper powder is pretreated, and active sites on the surface of the copper powder are reduced; secondly, a zinc phosphate plated film is formed, full coverage of a silver layer is achieved by adding nano-silver to assist in a silver ammonia solution, meanwhile, micropores of the silver layer are filled, and the compactness of the silver-coated copper powder is improved; besides, the silver content of the silver-coated copper powder is controlled to be 8.7-14.6%, and the normal-temperature oxidation resistance of the silver-coated copper powder is improved, so that the optimal anti-oxidation effect is achieved, and performance deterioration caused by oxidation is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, and discloses photovoltaic conductive silver-coated copper micro powder and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method aims to solve the problem that performance and cost of existing silver-coated copper micro powder in photovoltaic application are difficult to consider at the same time. Through pH adjustment, organic pre-bonding treatment and gradient ammonification, the activity of the copper powder is reserved, and a uniform copper-ammonia complexing layer is constructed; in the chemical silver plating stage, the pretreatment liquid is added into a composite base solution containing a complexing agent, organic amine, a dispersing agent and a combined reducing agent, and a silver-ammonia solution is dropwise added for reaction under ultrasonic dispersion and nitrogen introduction protection; and in the post-treatment stage, a finished product is obtained through ethanol reflux desorption, antioxidant treatment, vacuum drying, low-temperature plasma activation and screening, uniform and complete coating of a silver layer can be achieved under the low silver content, and a feasible path is provided for replacing photovoltaic pure silver powder with silver-coated copper micro powder on a large scale.

The invention provides a gas sensor and a method for preparing the gas sensor through laser direct writing. The method comprises the following steps: enabling a metal electrode to be in contact with laser direct writing ink, wherein the laser direct writing ink comprises a nickel source, a porous structure guiding agent and a solvent; laser irradiates a specified contact area of the metal electrode and the laser direct-writing ink, so that the metal electrode absorbs the laser to generate heat so as to form a hydrothermal reaction area in the specified contact area, and the laser direct-writing ink in the hydrothermal reaction area is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction, so that porous nickel hydroxide grows on the metal electrode, and a precursor structure is obtained; and carrying out annealing treatment on the precursor structure so as to convert the porous nickel hydroxide into porous nickel oxide, thereby obtaining the gas sensor. The gas sensor provided by the invention has the porous nickel oxide which has a relatively large specific surface area, so that the effective contact area between the gas sensor and target gas can be increased, and the gas responsivity of the gas sensor is improved.

A method of making a silver-silicalite coating on a surface of a stainless-steel substrate is provided. The method includes mixing metakaolin with an aqueous solution of NaOH to form a first mixture. The method further includes mixing silica gel and silver nitrate with the first mixture to form a second mixture. Furthermore, the method includes mixing Zeolites Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) with the second mixture to form a third mixture. The method further includes hydrothermally treating the stainless-steel substrate with the third mixture to form the silver-silicalite coating on the surface of the stainless-steel substrate. The hydrothermal treatment is carried out in the absence of an organic template. The stainless-steel substrate coated with the silver-silicalite coating, prepared by the method of the present disclosure, has lower corrosion in comparison to the same stainless-steel substrate without the silver-silicalite coating.

A shank adapter forming part of a drilling assembly includes a longitudinal axis, an external surface, an internal surface, a threaded part provided at a forward end and a plurality of splines provided at a rearward end. A machine part extends axially between the threaded part and the splines, wherein at least a part of the external surface is coated with a first corrosion protection layer of nickel and at least part of the first corrosion protection layer is coated with a polymer based sealant top layer.

The present application provides a heat exchanger and a manufacturing method of a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a metal substrate, the metal substrate has a fluid channel for circulating a heat exchange medium; and the heat exchanger further includes a coating, the coating includes resin, silica and titanium dioxide, and the coating is arranged to cover at least part of a surface of the metal substrate. Silica particles and titanium dioxide particles are conducive to the formation of a complex micro-nano structure, and leveling and stability of hydrophilic resin contribute to long-term maintenance of the micro-nano structure. The coating of the heat exchanger according to the present application has excellent hydrophilic durability.

A heat exchanger with a heat-exchanging portion is electrochemically deposited onto a base (for thermal coupling to a heat source) or directly on the heat source. The heat-exchanging portion comprises extensions that define openings (e.g., channels) for passing heat transfer fluid through the heat exchanger. The geometry of these c and / or openings varies throughout the exchange to achieve different unit-area thermal conductivities for at least two different portions of the heat-receiving surface. For example, the thickness, height, spacing, shape, and / or materials of the heat-exchanging extensions may be selected to achieve the desired heat transfer at each zone. This variability in unit-area thermal conductivities may be used to accommodate for “hot spots”, heating of the heat transfer fluid, fluid dynamics, and other factors associated with the heat exchanger operation. Electrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM) is used to fabricate at least heat-exchanging extensions thereby enabling precise and zone-specific thermal transfer characteristics.

The invention provides a preparation method of silver-coated copper powder, and belongs to the technical field of metal powder treatment. The used copper particle suspension contains a complexing agent, so that the activity of the copper particles can be reduced, the reaction rate of reduction coating can be reduced when a silver-ammonia complexing solution is added, and a compact silver layer slowly and uniformly grows on the surface of each copper particle; the reduction of the activity of the copper particles slows down the replacement reaction of silver ions and copper, and the situation that the coating surface is rough and loose due to the generation of overlarge silver particles is avoided; the silver grows slowly and compactly, so that the surface of the coated silver layer is smooth and compact on the basis of lower usage amount of the silver source; the preparation method is simple in process, low in silver content and low in production cost, and the coated silver layer is smooth and compact in surface.

The invention provides a composite nickel seed layer and a preparation method thereof, a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and relates to the technical field of solar cells. The composite nickel seed layer comprises a nickel-based alloy layer and a nickel main body layer; wherein the nickel-based alloy layer is a nickel-phosphorus alloy layer or a nickel-boron alloy layer; and a nano nickel crystal nucleus is coated in the nickel-based alloy layer. The composite seed layer structure is used for replacing a seed layer of a single material or structure, and the problems that the resistivity of a nickel seed layer main body material is high, the thickness of a nickel plating layer is not uniform, and the electrical performance and the yield of a battery are poor are solved.

The invention discloses a manganese-doped Ir-Ta oxide composite coating titanium anode and a preparation method thereof. The titanium anode comprises an insoluble titanium base material, an oxide middle layer and an oxide catalyst layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the oxide catalyst layer is composed of an iridium (Ir) oxide, a tantalum (Ta) oxide and a doped manganese (Mn) element. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out sand blasting and surface treatment on a titanium substrate to increase the roughness and binding force of the surface, then carrying out proper intermediate layer coating on the surface of the substrate, and finally preparing the manganese-doped Ir-Ta oxide composite coating on the surface of the intermediate layer. Compared with a traditional titanium anode, the prepared manganese-doped Ir-Ta oxide composite coating titanium anode has the advantages of being higher in reaction specific surface area, lower in oxygen evolution potential, longer in catalytic life and the like, and meanwhile the transition metal element manganese is higher in reserve, lower in price and high in oxygen evolution activity.

This invention discloses a nickel-plated PBO chopped fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and its preparation method, belonging to the technical field of metal matrix composites. The invention involves ultrasonic dispersion of fibers, fiber coarsening, nickel plating of the fiber surface, ball milling and mixing, spark plasma sintering, and subsequent high-temperature annealing to prepare the nickel-plated PBO fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. By coating the surface of the PBO chopped fibers with a metallic nickel layer, the elemental diffusion and reaction process between the PBO chopped fibers and the aluminum matrix is ​​effectively promoted, generating a NiAl intermetallic compound reaction layer with good plasticity and toughness. This is beneficial for improving the interfacial bonding strength between the fiber and the matrix, thereby further improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composite material. The nickel-plated PBO chopped fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has a density of over 99.0%, a maximum tensile yield strength of 270 MPa, a maximum tensile strength of 320 MPa, a maximum flexural strength of 435 MPa, and a maximum elongation after fracture of 14.0%, exhibiting excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.

The invention discloses a copper base-copper chromium contact composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of copper chromium contact materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps that a nanometer aluminum oxide coating layer is formed on the surface of chromium powder through a sol-gel method, and coated chromium powder is obtained; the coated chromium powder and the copper powder are subjected to vacuum induction gas atomization treatment, and spherical copper-chromium alloy powder is obtained; the spherical copper-chromium alloy powder is printed on the surface of the copper-based material, and a prefabricated body of the copper-based-copper-chromium contact composite material is obtained; and after the contact layer is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, the prefabricated body is subjected to annealing treatment, and the contact is prepared. According to the method, the high conductivity of the base material and the high wear resistance of the contact layer can be coordinated, so that the arc ablation resistance is improved; through the combination of electron beam printing and hot isostatic pressing, the porosity of the material can be remarkably reduced, and the material is suitable for high-performance contact components in the fields of high-voltage switches, rail transit and the like.

An alloy wheel is formed having a three dimensional configuration defining a face and recessed surfaces. The face of the wheel is machined providing a smooth surface at the face and defining an edge between the smooth surface of the face and the recessed surfaces. A nozzle element for projecting a plasma jet toward the wheel is provided. The plasma jet is projected toward the smooth surface of the face, the edge, and toward at least a portion of the recessed surfaces forming an alloy oxide at least on the face and the edge disposed between the face and the recessed surfaces. A first polymeric coating is applied over the face, the recessed surfaces and the edge disposed between the face and the recessed surfaces.

A method of preparing 2-hydroxyadpic acid and adipic acid is provided. The method of preparing 2-hydroxyadpic acid and adipic acid comprises a step of the electrolysis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid using a metal electrode at a constant current in a sulfuric acid solution containing a quaternary ammonium salt. The metal electrode is a bismuth electrode or a lead electrode. The quaternary ammonium salt is represented by formula (I):wherein R1 to R4 are independently a C2-5 hydrocarbon group, and X− is ClO4−, H2PO4−, or Br−.

The invention relates to the technical field of composite metal materials, in particular to a silver-coated graphene copper composite material and a preparation method thereof, and aims at solving the problems that traditional silver-coated copper powder is high in silver consumption, copper is oxidized due to the fact that a silver layer is prone to being damaged, and conductivity is insufficient. The method comprises the steps that a graphene coating layer is formed on a copper powder substrate in situ through chemical vapor deposition, and graphene copper powder is obtained; performing etching treatment on the graphene copper powder to controllably expose part of the copper substrate so as to form anchoring points for silver ion deposition; carrying out reduction treatment on the etched graphene copper powder so as to ensure that an anchoring site has chemical activity; in a reductive liquid phase environment, enabling a chemical silver plating solution to react with the graphene copper powder subjected to reduction treatment, and guiding silver ion deposition by utilizing an anchoring point, so as to form a silver coating layer on the surface of the graphene coating layer; and separating and drying the reacted system to obtain the silver-coated graphene copper composite material. The material is better in oxidation resistance and conductivity, and the process is free of waste liquid.

Example embodiments relate to a method and a system for electrodepositing a catalyst layer on a porous substrate. The method comprises, during an electrodeposition period, providing an electrolyte flow (320) through the porous substrate (312), wherein the electrolyte (302) comprises ions of at least one catalyst material; applying electrical pulses (341-344) between an anode (301) and the porous substrate (312) at inter-pulse intervals (352) to electrodeposit the ions of the at least one catalyst material on the porous substrate, thereby forming the catalyst layer and decreasing a local concentration of the ions at the porous substrate interface (311) during the respective electrical pulses (341-344); and wherein the electrical pulses are applied such that the electrolyte flow (320) at least partially restores the local concentration of the ions at the porous substrate interface (311) during the respective inter-pulse intervals (352).

The invention discloses a coating for a chemical plating process and a preparation method of the coating, and belongs to the field of three-dimensional precision machining. The coating is arranged on the surface of a base material, and based on the mass percentage of the coating, the coating comprises 55%-85% of a cross-linked product of an epoxy resin AB agent, 1%-5% of nano metal particles and 10%-40% of water-soluble polymers. The coating is adopted for a chemical plating process, the process steps are few, and the binding force between a metal circuit and a base material in the prepared three-dimensional interconnection molding device is excellent.

The invention discloses a photoelectric plasma synthesis method direct-writing sintering nano-micron circuit. Point-to-point and nano-micron space plasma field control is completed under digital scanning of laser points and electron beams, and plasma synthesis sintering is instantly completed at low power and micro-flying picoseconds or above through a micro-nano-scale physicochemical synthesis technology. According to the method, a direct-writing synthesis sintering film and a plasma transfer printing film are used as medium consumables, a transfer printing method that electron beams, UV and EUV laser beams clamp a plurality of personalized plasma transfer printing films is adopted, a source body of a target object is synthesized by electronic circuits such as a conductor, a semiconductor and a dopant, multiple times of superposition, hole digging, nicking, doping, outer edge and insulation are carried out on the same sediment, and a nano-micron conductive matrix is formed. Provided is a semiconductor chip matrix. The invention also provides a new method for manufacturing electronic devices in the fields of Filter, ePaper, FPC, TFT, Sensor, 5G communication, satellite, sensitive wave film, radar and the like.