The present invention provides a novel aromatic amine derivative having a specific structure and an organic electroluminescence device in which an organic thin film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers including at least a light emitting layer is interposed between a cathode and an anode, wherein at least one layer in the above organic thin film layer, particularly a hole transporting layer contains the aromatic amine derivative described above in the form of a single component or a mixed component. Use of the aromatic amine derivative described above materialize an organic electroluminescence device which reduces a driving voltage and makes molecules less liable to be crystallized and which enhances a yield in producing the organic EL device and has a long lifetime.
Methods for forming dielectriclayers, and structures and devices resulting from such methods, and systems that incorporate the devices are provided. The invention provides an aluminum oxide / siliconoxide laminate film formed by sequentially exposing a substrate to an organoaluminum catalyst to form a monolayer over the surface, remote plasmas of oxygen and nitrogen to convert the organoaluminum layer to a porous aluminum oxide layer, and a silanol precursor to form a thick layer of silicon dioxide over the porous oxide layer. The process provides an increased rate of deposition of the silicon dioxide, with each cycle producing a thick layer of silicon dioxide of about 120 Å over the layer of porous aluminum oxide.
Distributed maximum power point tracking systems, structures, and processes are provided for power generation structures, such as for but not limited to a solar panel arrays. In an exemplary solar panel string structure, distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) modules are provided, such as integrated into or retrofitted for each solar panel. The DMPPT modules provide panel level control for startup, operation, monitoring, and shutdown, and further provide flexible design and operation for strings of multiple panels. The strings are typically linked in parallel to a combiner box, and then toward and enhanced inverter module, which is typically connected to a power grid. Enhanced inverters are controllable either locally or remotely, wherein system status is readily determined, and operation of one or more sections of the system are readily controlled. The system provides increased operation time, and increased power production and efficiency, over a wide range of operating conditions.
An impact tool includes: a motor; a trigger; a controller configured to control driving power supplied to the motor using a semiconductor switching element according to an operation of the trigger; a striking mechanism configured to drive a tip tool continuously or intermittently by rotation force of the motor, the striking mechanism including a hammer and an anvil. The controller drives the semiconductor switching element at a high duty ratio when the trigger is manipulated. The motor is driven so that the duty ratio is lowered before a first striking of the hammer on the anvil is performed and the first striking is performed at a low duty ratio lower than the high duty ratio.
Methods for forming a diffusion barrier on low aspect features of an integrated circuit include at least three operations. The first operation deposits a barrier material and simultaneously etches a portion of an underlying metal at the bottoms of recessed features of the integrated circuit. The second operation deposits barrier material to provide some minimal coverage over the bottoms of the recessed features. The third operation deposits a metal conductive layer. Controlled etching is used to selectively remove barrier material from the bottom of the recessed features, either completely or partially, thus reducing the resistance of subsequently formed metal interconnects.
Disclosed is an organic electroluminescence device in which an organic thin film which is composed of one or more layers including at least a light-emitting layer is interposed between a cathode and an anode. Since at least one layer of the organic thin film contains a novel aromatic amine derivative, which has an asymmetric structure wherein two different amine units are bonded through a linking group, by itself or as a component of a mixture, molecules of the organic electroluminescence device. This organic electroluminescence device has a long life.