871 results about "Emission spectrum" patented technology

The invention provides a boron-nitrogen heterocyclic compound as well as an intermediate and a preparation method thereof, the boron-nitrogen heterocyclic compound has a structure as shown in a general formula (1), and is prepared by taking compounds as shown in a formula A, a formula B and a formula C as intermediates. Compared with similar carbon skeleton molecules, the boron-nitrogen heterocyclic compound provided by the invention shows an excellent narrow-band luminescence property. The half-peak width of the emission spectrum of the boron-aza compound is as low as 6.4 nm, and meanwhile, the fluorescence quantum yield is as high as 97%.

The invention belongs to the technical field of OLEDs, and provides a polycyclic compound containing triphenyl silicon and a polyalkyl substituent group and an organic electroluminescent device containing the polycyclic compound. The structural general formula of the polycyclic compound is as shown in formula I in the specification. Benzofuran with higher electronegativity is introduced to a ring structure composed of nitrogen atoms and boron atoms, triphenyl silicon is introduced to the para-position of boron, and the synergistic effect of benzofuran and triphenyl silicon can significantly enhance the multiple resonance of a light-emitting core and reduce vibration relaxation. Due to simultaneous use of the benzofuran and the triphenyl silicon, the problems of vibration relaxation increase, spectrum widening and the like caused by introduction of the polyalkyl substituent are remarkably improved, the luminous efficiency of the material is remarkably improved, and the color purity is improved, so that the requirement of BT.2020 wide color gamut display standard on a luminescent spectrum is met. I

The invention provides a method for real-time analysis of a low-temperature plasma cracking thermodynamic process, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring emission spectrum information in a cracking cavity in the low-temperature plasma cracking process of a carbon fiber precursor by utilizing hyperspectral imaging equipment to obtain a cracking cavity space image containing the emission spectrum information; the spectral characteristics are used for representing the spectral characteristics in the carbon fiber molecular chain breakage process; the method comprises the following steps: monitoring a gray level image of a local region of vortex circulation, calculating curvature characteristics of a vortex form, identifying a geometrical shape and a change rule of a vortex region, determining a region of which the curvature characteristic similarity is higher than a similarity threshold as a vortex region with a self-organization characteristic, and representing the rearrangement and graphitization degree of a carbon fiber molecular chain by the vortex region.

To provide a technique with which a thermoplastic polymer foamed particle itself is made identifiable, and a thermoplastic polymer foamed particle molded body is made identifiable without damaging its beautiful appearance by making it composed of identifiable thermoplastic polymer foamed particles.SOLUTION: Thermoplastic polymer foamed particles 100 exhibit a light emission reaction derived from a light-emitting rare-earth element 10 through irradiation with electromagnetic waves. A molded body thereof is formed through in-mold molding of the foamed particles and thereby exhibits a light emission reaction. An identification method therefor comprises: (i) a step for irradiating the surfaces of the foamed particles or the molded body with electromagnetic waves; and (ii) a step for detecting a light emission reaction derived from a light-emitting rare-earth element through electromagnetic wave irradiation by using a detection device, so as to obtain a light emission spectrum. A first identification method further comprises a step for observing contrast between the light emission spectrum and a blank spectrum in which the light emission reaction derived from the light-emitting rare-earth element is not exhibited. A second identification method further comprises a step for comparing the light emission spectrum with a preset standard light emission spectrum in which the light emission reaction derived from the light-emitting rare-earth element is exhibited.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention belongs to the technical field of fluorescent active substance development, and particularly relates to a cadmium (II)-based metal organic framework crystalline material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The molecular formula of the cadmium (II)-based metal organic framework crystalline material is {[Cd3 (Br-BDC) 3 (BMIP) 2]. 2H2O} n, cadmium (II) ions serve as connecting nodes, BMIP and H2 (Br-BDC) ligands serve as bridging ligands to be in mutual bridging to form a three-dimensional space structure, Cd-O secondary structural units are contained in the structure, three Cd atoms form a trinuclear Cd-O cluster structure through the Cd-O secondary structural units, and the Cd (II)-based metal organic framework crystalline material has the structural formula shown in the description. The Cd1 atom and the Cd1 # atom are in mirror symmetry. The divalent cadmium ion fluorescence sensing material can be prepared by adopting a one-pot solvothermal reaction; the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, convenience in operation, high yield, good reproducibility and the like; the cadmium (II) fluorescent sensing material disclosed by the invention is relatively high in fluorescence emission spectrum intensity and can be applied to the fields of molecular fluorescent probes, metal ion detection and the like.

A method is presented for locating charge traps in a crystal lattice. The method includes: arranging a local probe having an inversion-symmetric lattice defect, wherein energy levels of the lattice defect are non-linearly Stark-shiftable by means of charge traps in the crystal lattice; determining Stark-shifted photoluminescence emission spectra, wherein each of the photoluminescence emission spectra is determined in a respective scanning operation by means of photoluminescence excitation in the crystal lattice; determining an integrated spectrum by integrating the photoluminescence emission spectra; determining jump probabilities from consecutive ones of the photoluminescence emission spectra and determining a charge trap configuration from the jump probabilities; determining simulated spectra by means of Monte Carlo simulation based on the determined charge trap configuration and a resulting Stark shift; and determining an optimal spatial arrangement of the charge traps neighboring the local probe by comparing the integrated spectrum with the simulated spectra.

The invention relates to the technical field of biological microscopic imaging, and discloses a deconvolution super-resolution imaging method and device based on deep learning denoising and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a to-be-denoised image of a to-be-imaged structure marked by fluorescent molecules; de-noising the image to be de-noised by using a preset image de-noising neural network to obtain a de-noised image; a training data set for training the network is generated by utilizing the optical switch characteristics of optical switch fluorescent molecules, and the optical switch fluorescent molecules are used for marking to-be-imaged structures of samples in the training data set; the emission spectrum of the fluorescent molecules is overlapped with the emission spectrum of the fluorescent molecules of the optical switch; and carrying out deconvolution processing on the denoised image to obtain a super-resolution imaging image. According to the invention, the large-scale and high-quality true value image is obtained by using the optical switch characteristic of the optical switch fluorescent molecules, and the denoising effect of the image denoising neural network is improved; and denoising the image by using the network, and then carrying out deconvolution on the denoised image to realize large-view living cell single-frame super-resolution imaging.

The invention provides a display control method and system for a liquid crystal display screen, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the nonlinear spectrum mapping processing of an input RGB drive value, and obtaining a theoretical emission spectrum through combining with the response characteristics of liquid crystal molecules; calculating a reflection spectrum component in the multilayer structure according to the ambient light spectrum, and superposing the reflection spectrum component with the theoretical emission spectrum to obtain an actual observation spectrum; calculating a difference value between the actual observation spectrum and the target spectrum, and converting the difference value into an RGB correction value through a constraint optimization algorithm to obtain an RGB driving value after ambient light compensation; and calculating actual white point color coordinates, and adjusting the actual white point color coordinates to a standard white point position through a progressive white point migration algorithm. Display parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to real-time ambient light conditions, the influence of ambient light reflection on colors is effectively compensated, meanwhile, color temperature consistency and color accuracy are ensured through white point correction, the display quality under different ambient lights is remarkably improved, and the visual experience of a user is improved.

The invention provides a sulfur-containing boron-nitrogen compound and application thereof, the sulfur-containing boron-nitrogen compound has a structure as shown in a formula I or a formula II, the boron-nitrogen compound has a narrow spectrum, and is used as a luminescent material for preparing a luminescent layer of an organic electroluminescent device, and the prepared organic electroluminescent device shows high efficiency and high stability, and can be used as a luminescent material for preparing a luminescent layer of the organic electroluminescent device. Meanwhile, the emission spectrum of the device is narrow, the electroluminescence belongs to emission from orange red light to near infrared light, and the highest external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence of the device is as high as 20% or above.

The invention relates to a normal-temperature preparation method of an ultra-narrow emission spectrum perovskite quantum dot composite material. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing wide bandgap nanocrystals with a high-polarity solvent (such as N, N-dimethylformamide and the like) to prepare a wide bandgap nanocrystal solution; respectively mixing with perovskite quantum dot reaction precursors (such as CsBr, PbBr2 powder and the like) to prepare a reaction precursor solution; and mixing the reaction precursor solution, organic acid, organic amine and the like, and then adding a reverse polar solvent to form a precipitate, thereby preparing the perovskite quantum dot composite material with the ultra-narrow emission spectrum. The perovskite quantum dot composite material with the full width at half maximum of 15 nanometers or below can be prepared at normal temperature, and the minimum full width at half maximum can reach 14.4 nanometers.

The invention relates to a method for calibrating a light source and a spectrometer. A calibration light source includes: a broadband light source that emits light in a broad spectral range; and a filter receiving the light emitted by the broadband light source and providing structured light by applying an attenuation pattern on the received light exhibiting pattern characteristics at a plurality of spectral reference lines, the calibration light source is configured such that the emission spectrum of the structured light emitted by the calibration light source exhibits unique identifiable emission spectrum characteristics corresponding to the mode characteristics at a plurality of spectral reference lines. A method of calibrating at least one spectrometer using the calibration light source is also disclosed.

The invention discloses a metal 3D printing detection method and device based on emission spectrum and ultrasonic fusion. The method comprises the following steps: synchronously exciting and collecting full-wave band spectrum and ultrasonic signals on the surface of a sample through laser, preprocessing the signals, inputting the preprocessed signals into a multi-modal deep learning model integrated with an LANet network for feature extraction and fusion, and realizing multi-dimensional detection by using the fused features; the analysis module is used for analyzing element components and chemical defects; a double-flow time sequence network is constructed, time domain characteristics of the ultrasonic signals are analyzed in parallel to evaluate physical defects, and frequency domain sound velocity information is analyzed to evaluate residual stress; and modeling the attenuation characteristics of the ultrasonic signal by using a deep learning model, and calculating an ultrasonic attenuation coefficient to obtain probability distribution of the grain size. According to the method, the two signals are fused, the detection accuracy is improved by utilizing the strong feature mining and nonlinear mapping capability of deep learning, and multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of the metal 3D printing component is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of material analysis, and particularly discloses an ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry)-based automatic quantitative analysis method for primary and secondary elements in a high-temperature alloy, which comprises the following steps: dissolving a to-be-analyzed high-temperature alloy sample in a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and nitric acid to obtain a to-be-detected sample solution; feeding the sample solution to be detected into an atomizing chamber through a peristaltic pump, and collecting emission spectrum data of each element; establishing a standard curve of the concentration and emission intensity of each element by using a standard solution with known concentration; pre-processing the received emission spectrum data through a control system and a data processing module of the instrument; the data processing module compares the preprocessed emission spectrum data with a standard curve through a multiple linear regression method; and generating a detailed analysis report, and transmitting the generated analysis report to terminal equipment of a user through a printer or a network. Through an optimized sample dissolving method, a data preprocessing technology and a real-time correction algorithm, the accuracy and the stability of an analysis result can be effectively improved.

A first pumping source and a second pumping source are combined through a pumping beam combiner and are coupled into an erbium-doped fluoride fiber and a high-reflectivity fiber bragg grating, and the erbium-doped fluoride fiber and a low-reflectivity fiber bragg grating form a laser resonant cavity. The intermediate infrared laser is output through the low-reflectivity fiber bragg grating, the cladding light filter and the optical fiber end cap; the high-reflectivity fiber bragg grating and the low-reflectivity fiber bragg grating have the same grating period, the fourth-order harmonic reflection wavelength of the grating is located in the emission spectrum range of transition of erbium ions from the 4F9 / 2 energy level to the 4I9 / 2 energy level, and the fifth-order harmonic reflection wavelength of the grating is located in the emission spectrum range of transition of erbium ions from the 4I11 / 2 energy level to the 4I13 / 2 energy level; by adjusting the power of the first pumping source and the second pumping source, the net gain of laser transitions from the 4F9 / 2 energy level to the 4I9 / 2 energy level and transitions from the 4I11 / 2 energy level to the 4I13 / 2 energy level is regulated and controlled, and switching of laser working wavelengths is achieved.

The invention discloses an X-ray wavelength dispersion pattern super-resolution synthesis method and a super-resolution X-ray emission spectrometer, and belongs to the technical field of X-ray emission spectrums. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring a wavelength dispersion pattern M of X-ray fluorescence by utilizing a detector on a detector assembly; 2, the detector is continuously displaced by a certain distance, wavelength dispersion pattern collection is carried out once each time the detector is displaced, the displacement distance of the detector is recorded, and the total displacement distance is the pixel width of the detector; 3, obtaining one-dimensional light intensity distribution data of all wavelength dispersion patterns; 4, determining a super-resolution multiple according to the moving distance of the detector; and 5, synthesizing all the obtained dispersion patterns to obtain a super-resolution dispersion pattern O, and calculating a super-resolution XES spectral line on the basis of the super-resolution dispersion pattern O. According to the invention, high resolution of the XES spectral line energy can be realized without adopting an expensive high-resolution X-ray detector, and the cost of an XES spectrometer is reduced.

The invention discloses a quantum dot diffusion plate and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of diffusion plate materials. In-mold composite four-layer co-extrusion is carried out on the high-transmittance diffusion layer, the red quantum dot layer, the green quantum dot layer and the high-fog diffusion layer to prepare the quantum dot diffusion plate, and the quantum dot layer added with the green quantum dots and the red quantum dots is used as a middle layer. Red quantum dots and green quantum dots of the quantum dot diffusion plate subjected to in-mold composite four-layer co-extrusion are located among different layers and do not interfere with each other, the red quantum dot layer and the green quantum dot layer are separated, the four-layer extrusion process is carried out, the prepared quantum dot diffusion plate is narrow in emission spectrum wave crest and high in quantum efficiency, meanwhile, the diffusion layer has low water molecule migration rate, and the quantum dot diffusion plate can be used for preparing the quantum dot diffusion plate. Therefore, the quantum dot diffusion plate has good water and oxygen barrier efficiency, and has a good water and oxygen barrier effect while having a diffusion plate function.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and particularly relates to a salicylaldehyde hydrazone bridged organic boron photoinitiator as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the salicylaldehyde hydrazone bridged organic boron photoinitiator is as shown in formula I, wherein R is H or halogen atom; the salicylaldehyde hydrazone bridged organic boron photoinitiator has a vertical spatial configuration formed by a seven-membered ring and a six-membered ring. A framework of the salicylaldehyde hydrazone bridged organic boron photoinitiator has a unique vertical spatial configuration, generation of a spinning triplet state can be effectively promoted through orbital angular momentum regulation and control, and a more favorable excited state characteristic is provided for a photoinitiation process. The absorption wavelength and the emission spectrum of an LED light source are well overlapped, and high reaction activity can still be kept under the conditions of low irradiation intensity (lt, 60 mW / cm) and short exposure time (lt, 60 s). In addition, the preparation method of the salicylaldehyde hydrazone bridged organic boron photoinitiator is simple and efficient, the raw material cost is low, and the salicylaldehyde hydrazone bridged organic boron photoinitiator has a wide application prospect.

A calibration light source includes: a broad band light source emitting light in a broad spectral range; and a filter receiving light emitted by the broad band light source and providing structured light by imposing an attenuation pattern exhibiting pattern features at multiple spectral reference lines on the received light such that an emission spectrum of the structured light emitted by the calibration light source exhibits distinct, identifiable emission spectrum features corresponding to the pattern features at the multiple spectral reference lines. A method of calibrating at least one spectrometer using the calibration light source is further disclosed.

A calibration material for calibrating a Raman spectrometer includes: a reference material configured to emit a broadband spectrum of luminescence light in response to receiving excitation light; and an additional material exhibiting a distinct Raman band within a spectral measurement range of the Raman spectrometer. A method of calibrating at least one Raman spectrometer using the disclosed calibration material includes: determining emission spectra of the calibration material at multiple temperatures; and calibrating each Raman spectrometer based on a calibration spectrum of the calibration material determined by the Raman spectrometer; determining a temperature of the calibration material by Raman thermometry; and adjusting a determination of spectral intensity values of intensity spectra performed by the respective Raman spectrometer based on the calibration spectrum, the temperature of the calibration material during calibration, and the emission spectra of the calibration material.

The invention provides a red light and infrared light-emitting compound based on a boron-nitrogen fused ring and application thereof. The invention provides a boron-nitrogen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon material of a fused naphthalene ring, and a specific strong electron withdrawing group is introduced to a boron atom para-position. Compared with a compound disclosed in the prior art, the compound provided by the invention introduces a strong electron withdrawing group to a boron atom para-position of boron-nitrogen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of a fused naphthalene ring, so that the emission spectrum of the material can be subjected to significant red shift (red shift from a yellow light band to a red light band and even an infrared band), and red light and even infrared light emission with high luminous efficiency and a narrow band can be realized. An electroluminescent device prepared from the compound provided by the invention shows relatively high luminescent color purity and relatively excellent luminous efficiency, and can meet the requirements of current enterprise production on high-performance luminescent materials.

A reference material for and a method of calibrating at least one Raman spectrometer are disclosed. The reference material includes quantum dots distributed in a transparent condensed phase material such that light emitted by the reference material in response to receiving excitation light having an excitation wavelength provided by the Raman spectrometer(s) has a predetermined spectral intensity distribution in a spectral measurement range of the Raman spectrometer(s). The method includes designing, manufacturing and providing the reference material, determining an emission spectrum of the reference material, and calibrating each Raman spectrometer by determining a reference spectrum of the reference material and by adjusting a determination of spectral intensity values of intensity spectra performed by the Raman spectrometer based on the reference spectrum and the emission spectrum of the reference material.

The invention belongs to the field of biomedical luminescent composite materials, and particularly relates to a rare earth up-conversion nanocrystalline particle-hydrogen bond organic framework composite material and a preparation method thereof.The rare earth up-conversion nanocrystalline particle NaGdF4: Yb / Er serves as a core of the composite material, a hydrogen bond organic framework serves as a shell of the composite material, and the rare earth up-conversion nanocrystalline particle-hydrogen bond organic framework composite material is prepared. The advantages of the rare earth up-conversion nanocrystal particles and the hydrogen bond organic framework are ingeniously combined, the rare earth up-conversion nanocrystal particles and the hydrogen bond organic framework form a synergistic system, active oxygen is generated under excitation of 980 nm near-infrared light during photodynamic therapy, meanwhile, generation of the active oxygen is more efficient, the killing efficiency on tumor cells is improved, and the application prospect is wide. The rare earth up-conversion nanocrystal particle is suitable for deep tumor (such as brain glioma) treatment, meanwhile, the porphyrin core of TCPP is matched with the visible light emission spectrum of the rare earth up-conversion nanocrystal particle, efficient energy transfer is achieved, and the singlet oxygen yield is remarkably higher than that of a traditional PDT material.

The invention provides an organic electroluminescent material and an organic electroluminescent device, and belongs to the field of organic electroluminescent materials, and the organic electroluminescent material has a structure as shown in a formula I. The organic electroluminescent material has low refractive index, and can be used as a luminescent auxiliary material and applied to a thicker layer in a double-layer luminescent auxiliary material, so that the organic electroluminescent material can be used as a light-emitting auxiliary material. The light emitted from the device passes through the low-refractive-index film layer of the formula I, the organic electroluminescent device prepared by matching the low-refractive-index film layer with the high-refractive-index light-emitting auxiliary material can play a better light gathering role, the light with the specific wavelength in the light emitted from the device is emitted out, the emission spectrum can be narrowed, the light-emitting intensity of the light with the specific wavelength is enhanced, and the light-emitting efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device is improved. The light loss is reduced, the luminous efficiency of the device is improved, and meanwhile, the lower driving voltage and the longer service life of the device are ensured.

A display device comprises a plurality of pixels, each with a filter element. The display device also includes a laser light source for emitting source light with an adjustable wavelength. The source light can be sequentially directed into the filter elements of the pixels. Each filter element has an emission spectrum that exhibits an intensity maximum at a resonance wavelength that depends on a specific emission angle.

The invention discloses an injection molding method and an injection molding device for a vehicle-mounted electronic structural member, and the method comprises the following steps: applying an excitation light source to obtain a polarization emission spectrum of engineering plastic, and forming a quantum optical fingerprint spectrum; carrying out polarization analysis on the spectral characteristic peak, and calculating a dichroic ratio to obtain molecular orientation three-dimensional distribution data; applying a laser pulse to acquire a coherent Raman scattering signal and a harmonic generation signal to obtain nonlinear optical response data; analyzing a molecular chain rearrangement characteristic and a stress relaxation characteristic based on the data to obtain kinetic parameters; and analyzing a molecular orientation evolution rule according to the kinetic parameters to obtain structure evolution prediction data. According to the technical scheme, the molecular orientation state of the engineering plastic can be monitored in real time in the injection molding process, and accurate characterization and prediction of the dynamic arrangement behavior of molecular chain segments are achieved through a method combining quantum spectrum analysis and nonlinear optical response characterization. And a scientific basis is provided for optimizing injection molding process parameters and controlling residual stress distribution in a product.

The present invention provides a spectrum-based light-emitting fixture and a spectrum-based light emission method. The spectrum-based light-emitting fixture has light sources with multiple emission peak wavelengths, the spectrum-based light emission method is based on waveband integral calculus, where absorption peaks in a given spectrum that meet energy variation requirements are identified, and their wavelengths are used to divide primary wavebands. Each primary waveband is further subdivided into multiple secondary wavebands, and the spectral energy of each secondary waveband is calculated through integration. The selected light sources have emission peak wavelengths that are close to and match the mid-wavelengths of the secondary wavebands. By matching the light sources with the spectral energy of the corresponding secondary wavebands, the adjustment of spectrum-based light emission is achieved, thus, the emission spectrum of the spectrum-based light-emitting fixture can highly restore the given spectrum with high accuracy.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of biological microscopic imaging. Disclosed are a deconvolution-based super-resolution imaging method and apparatus by means of deep learning-based denoising, and a medium. The method comprises: acquiring an image to be denoised having a structure to be imaged thereof marked by a fluorescent molecule; using a preset image denoising neural network to denoise the image to be denoised to obtain a denoised image, wherein a training data set for training the network is generated by using the photoswitching characteristic of a photoswitchable fluorescent molecule, the photoswitchable fluorescent molecule is used for marking the structure to be imaged of each sample in the training data set, and an emission spectrum of the fluorescent molecule overlaps an emission spectrum of the photoswitchable fluorescent molecule; and performing deconvolution processing on the denoised image to obtain a super-resolution image. According to the present disclosure, a large-scale and high-quality ground truth image is obtained by using the photoswitching characteristic of the photoswitchable fluorescent molecule, thereby enhancing the denoising effect of the image denoising neural network; the image is denoised by using the network, and then deconvolution is performed on the denoised image, thereby achieving single-frame super-resolution imaging for live cells over a large field of view.

Disclosed is a light emitting device including a light emitting layer, the light emitting layer including a sensitizer; the emission spectrum of the sensitizer comprises a first emission peak and a second emission peak which are located on one side or two sides of the first emission peak, the maximum emission intensity of the second emission peak is smaller than that of the first emission peak, and the maximum emission intensity of the second emission peak is smaller than that of the second emission peak. The normalized value range of the ratio of the emission intensity of the second emission peak to the maximum emission intensity of the first emission peak is 0.10-0.55; an emission spectrum of the sensitizer comprises a first emission peak and a second emission peak, the second emission peak is located on one side or two sides of the first emission peak, and the maximum emission intensity of the second emission peak is limited to be smaller than the maximum emission intensity of the second emission peak. The increase of heat dissipation in the energy transfer process of the sensitizer due to the existence of the second emission peak can be reduced.

The invention discloses a return stroke discharge channel electron density diagnosis method and a return stroke discharge channel electron density diagnosis system, relates to the technical field of high voltage insulation prediction, and solves the technical problems of high calculation complexity and relatively large result error when an Saha equation is used for calculating electron density in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: performing spectrum observation on a return stroke discharge channel to obtain an original emission spectrum of the return stroke discharge channel; identifying and positioning to an H atom spectral line based on the return stroke discharge channel spectral features; extracting spectral data of a certain frame at a certain height position and fitting an H atom spectral line; calculating the FWHA parameter of the H atom spectral line; and calculating the electron density of the return stroke discharge channel based on a Stark broadening method of an H atom spectral line. According to the method, the electron density of the return stroke discharge channel can be analyzed and calculated based on the atomic emission spectrum without obtaining the temperature in the return stroke discharge channel, a basis can be provided for external insulation design of a power system and a power transmission and transformation project, the accuracy of a calculation result is high, and the calculation process is relatively simple and convenient.

Systems, including methods and compositions, for performing multiplexed assays. The methods may include (A) providing a mixture including (i) a sample having one or more of a plurality of distinct nucleic acid targets, (ii) amplification reagents sufficient for amplification of the targets, and (iii) a tethered probe specific to each target, (B) amplifying the plurality of targets in the mixture, (C) measuring fluorescence from the tethered probe for each target; and (D) determining from the measured fluorescence a quantity representative of a level of each of the targets in the sample. Each tethered probe may include respective first and second fluorophores, with distinguishable excitation and / or emission spectra, and a respective quencher. The probes are configured such that an intensity of fluorescence from one or both fluorophores is altered during amplification of the respective target, so that changes in fluorescence can be used to assess the degree of amplification of the respective target.