43 results about "Tandem cell" patented technology

A tandem cell or photoelectrochemical system for the cleavage of water to hydrogen and oxygen by visible light has two superimposed photocells, both cells being connected electrically. The photoactive material in the top cell is a semiconducting oxide placed in contact with an aqueous solution. This semiconducting oxide absorbs the blue and green part of the solar emission spectrum of a light source or light sources and generates with the energy collected oxygen and protons from water. The not absorbed yellow and red light transmits the top cell and enters a second photocell, the bottom cell, which is mounted, in the direction of the light behind, preferably directly behind the top cell. The bottom cell includes a dye-sensitized mesoporous photovoltaic film. The bottom cell converts the yellow, red and near infrared portion of the sunlight to drive the reduction of the protons, which are produced in the top cell during the photo catalytic water oxidation process, to hydrogen.

The present invention relates to thin film solar cell structures and methods of manufacturing them, particularly tandem cell structures and components thereof. In one aspect there is provided a polycrystalline thin film solar cell structure that is semi-transparent and allows a predetermined wavelength range of light to pass therethrough, in which a bottom semi-transparent conductive layer includes at least one of a ruthenium oxide, an osmium oxide and an iridium oxide. In another aspect there is provided a tandem cell structure in which a top cell bottom contact layer includes at least one of a ruthenium oxide, an osmium oxide and an iridium oxide. In a preferred aspect, the tandem cell structure contains a single contact layer between the absorber layer of the top cell and the absorber layer of the bottom cell. In a particular aspect, this single contact layer is a ruthenium oxide layer.

A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy and has a tandem-cell design. The tandem-cell design comprises the following: a dye solar cell (126) with a first electrode (118), an n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), a dye (122) which absorbs electromagnetic radiation in a first spectral range and a solid p-semiconductor (124); and an organic solar cell (130) with an acceptor material (132) and a donor material (134), with the acceptor material (132) and/or the donor material (134) comprising an organic material, with the organic solar cell (130) also comprising a second electrode (138) on a side opposite the dye solar cell (126), with the organic solar cell being designed to absorb electromagnetic radiation in a second spectral range, which is at least partially different from the first spectral range, with the first electrode (118) and/or the second electrode (138) being at least partially transparent for the electromagnetic radiation.

The invention provides a tandem polymer solar cell with a parallel structure. In the solar cell, metals with a high work function such as gold and sliver are taken as a semitransparent anode to extract holes. A p-type metal oxide molybdenum trioxide or tungsten oxide is taken as a hole transport layer at two sides of the anode for connecting an upper sub-cell photosensitive layer and a lower sub-cell photosensitive layer so as to construct a built-in electric field and improve the collection efficiency of a current carrier. The photosensitive layers of an upper sub-cell and a lower sub-cell in the tandem cell are respectively a mixture consisting of a conjugated polymer and a fullerene derivative with different absorption ranges. The two sub-cells are connected in parallel, and short circuit current density of the tandem solar cell is the sum of the short circuit current density of the upper sub-cell and the short circuit current density of the lower sub-cell. By conjugated polymers with the different absorption ranges, the tandem polymer thin film solar cell effectively improves the active sunlight absorption and realizes that the short circuit current is effectively increased to 15 milliampere/square centimeter, thus increasing the maximum energy conversion efficiency of the polymer thin film solar cell to 3.36%.

A photovoltaic device comprises an upper cell and a lower cell separated by an electrically insulating layer. The cells and the layers are fabricated as a single monolithic structure, and separate electrical contacts are provided for the upper and lower cells to allow independent extraction of current from each cell. The upper cell has a larger bandgap than the lower cell so that incident low energy photons unabsorbed and unconverted by the upper cell can propagate through to the lower cell for conversion. The two bandgaps can be selected to accommodate spectral' ranges of interest. The device is incorporated into a system including two sources of photons with different wavelength ranges associated with the bandgaps of the two cells, such that each cell can convert photons from one source. One source may be the sun and the other may be a local photon source such as a thermal source. Alternatively, both photon sources may be local sources. Operation of the device can be further optimised and extended by configuring the upper cell as a tandem cell or in a MIMS arrangement, or both.

The invention discloses a multi-battery voltage balance output optimization system used in a wireless sensor network node power management system. The system includes a battery placement module, a programmable matrix switch module, a subsequent charging and voltage stabilization module; the battery placement module is used to place multiple batteries in series to achieve the normal working voltage of the wireless sensor network node; the programmable matrix switch module is used to control and change The connection mode between the batteries, the positive and negative terminals of each battery in the battery placement module are connected with the programmable matrix switch system; Battery connection mode, the operation of the program-controlled matrix switch system is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, and at the same time output the high voltage in the series battery pack and the voltage of a certain or several series of batteries, and periodically change the voltage borne by a certain or several series of batteries, To achieve the purpose of evenly consuming the power of each battery; the voltage output terminal of the matrix switch system is connected in parallel to the subsequent charging and voltage stabilization module. Ensure that the subsequent sensor equipment has a continuous, stable and reliable power supply.

The present invention relates to an industrial applicable process for the preparation of materials with nanometric dimensions and controlled shape, based on titanium dioxide. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of titanium dioxide nanorods with anatase phase composition, which are highly suitable for applications involving photovoltaic cells, particularly Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), photoelectrolysis cells and tandem cells for the conversion of solar energy and the production of hydrogen.

A tandem photovoltaic device includes at least two photovoltaic cells stacked in an optical and electrical series relationship. At least one of the tandem cells includes a dual function semiconductor layer fabricated from a dual function semiconductor material. This dual function layer is an electronically active constituent of the cell. The dual function layer also is optically active and creates a reflective condition which redirects a portion of the light which has passed through the cell back through the cell's active layers to photo generate additional photocurrent. Use of the dual function material eliminates the need for incorporating separate semiconductor and reflective layers in a photovoltaic device. Further disclosed are exemplary formulations of some dual function materials.

A method for forming a thin film photovoltaic device. The method includes providing a transparent substrate comprising a surface region. A first transparent electrode layer is formed overlying the surface region. A multilayered structure including a copper material and an indium material is formed overlying a electrode surface region. The multilayered structure is subjected to a plurality of sulfur bearing entities during a rapid thermal process to form an absorber material comprising a copper entity, an indium entity, and a sulfur entity. The rapid thermal process uses a ramp time ranging from about 10 Degrees Celsius/second to about 50 Degrees Celsius/second. In a specific embodiment, the first transparent electrode layer is maintained to a sheet resistance of less than or equal to about 10 Ohms/square centimeters and an optical transmission of 90 percent and greater

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of materials with nanometric dimensions and controlled shape, based on titanium dioxide. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of titanium dioxide nanorods and nanocubes with anatase phase composition, which are highly suitable for photocatalytic use, in particular for applications involving photovoltaic cells, for example Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), photoelectrolysis cells and tandem cells for the conversion of solar energy and the production of hydrogen.

The invention discloses a tandem cell model, comprising an epidermal cell model and an endothelial cell model, wherein the epidermal cell model and the endothelial cell model are separately inoculated on different semi-permeable membranes. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the tandem cell model and application of the tandem cell model to simulation the process of transferring of a nanometer drug in an intestinal tract. The tandem cell model provides the invention also can simulate an intestinal tract-blood vessel barrier multilayer structure and detect the transferring behaviors and influence of a drug in different single layers of intestinal cells, and has good application prospect and development potential.

The invention relates to an electrolytic bath system in series and a method for removing bromate in drinking water by using the system thereof, the invention relates to an electrolytic bath system and the method for removing bromate in water. The invention solves the technical problems in present bromate generation minimizing methods of reduced system processing capability, increased post-treatment program, the secondary pollution generated in bromate removing method, expensive electrode material and unstable cathode in a bromate removing electrochemical method. The electrolytic bath system in series of the invention comprises two electrolytic baths in series, the electrolytic bath takes graphite as cathode and carbon felt as anode, an ion-exchange film divides a groove of the electrolytic bath into an anode region and a cathode region; the method comprises the following steps: drinking water required to be treated is introduced into the cathode region of a first electrolytic bath andreacted, water in the cathode region is introduced into the anode region of a second electrolytic bath and reacted, water in the anode region is flowed out, the process of removing bromate in drinking water can be finished. The removal rate of bromate is 75%-82%. The invention is used for treating drinking water.

Disclosed is an organic solar cell which comprises at least one photoactive region which comprises at least one indanthrene compound which is in contact with at least one fullerene compound, and the use of indanthrene compounds in organic photovoltaics, especially in the form of a component cell of a tandem cell.

The invention provides a triple-junction tandem solar cell based on a multi-pyrrole conjugate macrocycle. The forward structure of the triple-junction tandem solar cell sequentially comprises a transparent glass substrate I, a transparent front electrode I, a hole transport layer I, a first active layer I, a first intermediate layer I, a second active layer I, a second intermediate layer I, a third active layer I, an electron transport layer I and a back electrode I; an inverted structure of the triple-junction tandem solar cell sequentially comprises a transparent glass substrate II, a transparent front electrode II, an electron transport layer II, a first active layer II, a first intermediate layer II, a second active layer II, a second intermediate layer II, a third active layer II, a hole transport layer II and a back electrode II, and sunlight shoots from one side of each transparent glass substrate, firstly penetrates through the substrates and the transparent front electrodes, is absorbed by light absorption materials of all cell units sequentially and reaches the back electrodes finally. The active layer materials adopt conjugate macrocyclic compounds utilizing pyrrolyl as a framework, and the tandem cell has the numerous advantages of applicability of popularization and industrialized mass production.

A high efficiency small molecule tandem solar cell is disclosed. The tandem cell may include a first subcell comprising a first photoactive region and a second subcell comprising a second photoactive region. The first and second photoactive regions are designed to minimize spectral overlap and maximize photocurrent. The device may further include an interconnecting layer, disposed between the first subcell and the second subcell, that is at least substantially transparent.