734 results about "Square Centimeter" patented technology

A method and apparatus for an ultra-high sensitivity, low cost, passive (no battery) low-power energy harvesting data transmitting circuit energy, such as a RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tag integrated circuit “chip.” By using combinations of special purpose design enhancements, the low-power energy harvesting passive data transmitting circuit, such as the RFID tag chip, operates in the sub-microwatt power range. The chip power should be derived from a low-microwatt per square centimeter RF field radiated to the RFID tag antenna from the tag reader (interrogator) or derived from a suitable low signal source, such as a sonic transducer (e.g., a piezoelectric transducer or a low level DC source, such as a bimetallic or chemical source).

Non-volatile resistive-switching memories are described, including a memory element having a first electrode, a second electrode, a metal oxide between the first electrode and the second electrode. The metal oxide switches using bulk-mediated switching, has a bandgap greater than 4 electron volts (eV), has a set voltage for a set operation of at least one volt per one hundred angstroms of a thickness of the metal oxide, and has a leakage current density less than 40 amps per square centimeter (A/cm²) measured at 0.5 volts (V) per twenty angstroms of the thickness of the metal oxide.

A colored web material comprising a plurality of discrete extended elements. The colored web material comprises a colorant incorporated in the material itself or a colorant disposed on at least one surface of the web material. The discrete extended elements comprise thinned portions at the distal ends and/or along the sidewalls of the discrete extended elements. In one embodiment, the discrete extended elements have a diameter of less than about 500 microns. In one embodiment, the colored web material comprises at least about 95 discrete extended elements per square centimeter. In one embodiment, the discrete extended elements have an aspect ratio of at least about 0.2.

Thin semiconductor foils can be formed using light reactive deposition. These foils can have an average thickness of less than 100 microns. In some embodiments, the semiconductor foils can have a large surface area, such as greater than about 900 square centimeters. The foil can be free standing or releasably held on one surface. The semiconductor foil can comprise elemental silicon, elemental germanium, silicon carbide, doped forms thereof, alloys thereof or mixtures thereof. The foils can be formed using a release layer that can release the foil after its deposition. The foils can be patterned, cut and processed in other ways for the formation of devices. Suitable devices that can be formed form the foils include, for example, photovoltaic modules and display control circuits.

A surface-textured polishing pad suitable for chemical-mechanical polishing comprises a porous polymeric foam having an average pore cell size in the range of about 60 μm or less. At least about 75% of the pores in the foam have a pore cell size within about 30 μm of the average pore cell size. The pad has at least one textured surface that includes divots having a depth in the range of about 25 μm to about 1150 μm, a width in the range of about 0.25 μm to about 380 μm, and a length-to-width aspect ratio of about 1 to about 1000. In addition, the at least one textured surface of the pad includes at least about 10 divots per square centimeter of surface area, and has an average surface roughness of at least about 5 μm. Preferably, at least one textured surface has at least one pattern of spaced, parallel grooves imprinted thereon.

The invention discloses a rotary friction power generator, a voltage stabilization output circuit and a power supply device. The rotary friction power generator comprises two electrode units which are arranged in the same plane in a spaced mode and a first component which is alternately in contact with the two electrode units. Under the action of external mechanical energy, friction static electricity carried by the first component is alternately in contact with the two electrode units along with rotation of the first component, then the induction potential difference between the two electrode units is alternately changed, a drive electron flows through an external circuit, and then alternating-current signals are formed to be output. According to the rotary friction power generator, a nanostructure layer is not needed to be arranged on the friction surface, and milliwatt-level power output density per square centimeter can be achieved.

The present invention is a MEMS-based two-phase LHP (loop heat pipe) and CPL (capillary pumped loop) using semiconductor grade silicon and microlithographic/anisotrophic etching techniques to achieve a planar configuration. The principal working material is silicon (and compatible borosilicate glass where necessary), particularly compatible with the cooling needs for electronic and computer chips and package cooling. The microloop heat pipes (μLHP™) utilize cutting edge microfabrication techniques. The device has no pump or moving parts, and is capable of moving heat at high power densities, using revolutionary coherent porous silicon (CPS) wicks. The CPS wicks minimize packaging thermal mismatch stress and improves strength-to-weight ratio. Also burst-through pressures can be controlled as the diameter of the coherent pores can be controlled on a sub-micron scale. The two phase planar operation provides extremely low specific thermal resistance (20-60W/cm²). The operation is dependent upon a unique micropatterened CPS wick which contains up to millions per square centimeter of stacked uniform micro-through-capillaries in semiconductor-grade silicon, which serve as the capillary “engine,” as opposed to the stochastic distribution of pores in the typical heat pipe wick. As with all heat pipes, cooling occurs by virtue of the extraction of heat by the latent heat of phase change of the operating fluid into vapor. In the cooling of a laptop computer processor the device could be attached to the processor during laptop assembly. Consistent with efforts to miniaturize electronics components, the current invention can be directly integrated with a unpackaged chip. For applications requiring larger cooling surface areas, the planar evaporators can be spread out in a matrix and integrally connected through properly sized manifold systems.

A colored web material exhibiting viewing-angle dependent color and comprising a plurality of discrete extended elements. In one embodiment, the colored web material comprises a first web material and a second web material, wherein the first web material comprises a first polymer having first refractive properties and the second web material comprises a second polymer having second refractive properties, wherein said first refractive properties of said first polymer are different than said second refractive properties of said second polymer. In one embodiment, the colored web material comprises an interference pigment incorporated in at least one layer of the colored web material. In one embodiment, the discrete extended elements have a diameter of less than about 500 microns. In one embodiment, the colored web material comprises at least about 95 discrete extended elements per square centimeter. In one embodiment, the discrete extended elements have an aspect ratio of at least about 0.2.

A thermal transfer printing medium that contains a thermal transfer layer which contains a first taggant and colorant, wherein: the first taggant comprises a fluorescent compound with an excitation wavelength selected from the group consisting of wavelengths of less than 400 nanometers, wavelengths of greater than 700 nanometers. When the thermal transfer layer is printed onto a white polyester substrate with a gloss of at least about 84, a surface smoothness Rz value of 1.2, and a reflective color represented by a chromaticity (a) of 1.91 and (b) of −6.79 and a lightness (L) of 95.63, when expressed by the CIE Lab color coordinate system, and when such printing utilizes a printing speed of 2.5 centimeters per second and a printing energy of 3.2 joules per square centimeter, a printed substrate with certain properties is produced. The printed substrate has a reflective color represented by a chromaticity (a) of from −15 to 15 and (b) from −18 to 18, and the printed substrate has a lightness (L) of less than about 35, when expressed by the CIE Lab color coordinate system. When the printed substrate is illuminated with light source that excites the first taggant with an excitation wavelength selected from the group consisting of wavelengths of less than 400 nanometers, wavelengths greater than 700 nanometers, the printed substrate produces a light fluorescence with a wavelength of from about 300 to about 700 nanometers.

A multi-ply absorbent product having a wet scrubbing resistance greater than 120 revolutions and a basis weight of between 30 and 50 grams per square meter. A heated adhesive is applied between two single plies/webs, the multiple plies are embossed according to particular parameters, and the embossed webs are compressed with a marrying roll. The adhesive is heated to a temperature of between approximately 32 degrees C. to 66 degrees C. for application between the multiple plies. For each ply, the embossed area generally occupies between approximately 5 to 15% of the total surface area of a surface of the ply, the depth of embossment of the surface is generally between approximately 0.28 and 0.43 centimeters deep, and the embossment of the surface is generally between approximately 0.04 to 0.08 square centimeters in size.

An ultracapacitor or hybrid capacitor includes an electrically non-conductive rigid or semi-rigid porous honeycomb structure (12) having cells extending along a common direction and having an average density per unit area within in a plane perpendicular to the common direction exceeding 15.5 per square centimeter, desirably formed of a material that is stable at temperatures of 300° or more, such that high temperatures processing can be used to help ensure high purity of the final product. The material may desirably be an oxide or non-oxide ceramic, such as cordierite, silicon nitride, alumina, aluminum titanate, zircon, glass, or glass-ceramic.

Assay devices comprising substrates functionalized to comprise probe species on multiple separate regions are provided. Ten thousand to a hundred thousand separate regions can be provided in a substrate of one square centimeter. The separate regions can comprise separate probe species, or in another embodiment, multiple different probe species can be present on each single functionalized region. The probe species are selected to be specific for binding to target species of interest in a sample. Methods and systems for making these devices are also provided. The devices are useful, for example for assaying molecules in a human sample that are reactive to a large number of different allergens placed on the substrate.

A non-invasive apparatus and method for increasing saliva and tear production from the salivary and lacrimal glands with the application of high frequency low intensity ultrasound. An ultrasound transducer coated with connecting gel placed in contact with the facial tissues transmitting 1.5 MHz frequency ultrasound pressure waves into the tissues and into the glands. The time-averaged intensity of the ultrasound pressure waves is typically limited to approximately 30 milliwatts per square centimeter to avoid tissue heating.

A paper tissue such as a facial tissue or a disposable handkerchief and a method for making a tissue paper product from a tissue paper web. The method comprises the steps of passing the tissue paper web through an embossing nip formed between a first and a second embossing roll, wherein at least one of the embossing rolls comprises at least 30 embossing elements per square centimeter; and passing the tissue paper web through a calendering nip formed between a first and a second calendering roll, wherein the first and the second calendering roll are in contact with the tissue paper web over a contact length measured parallel to the direction of the axis of the first calendering roll exert a pressure onto the paper web of at least 50 N per centimeter of the contact length.

There is disclosed a method of transporting a produced fluid through a pipe while limiting deposits at a desired pipe inner-wall location comprising providing a pipe having an inner surface roughness Ra less than 2.5 micrometers at said desired pipe inner-wall location, forcing the produced fluid through the pipe, wherein the produced fluid has a wall shear stress of at least 1 dyne per centimeter squared at said desired pipe inner-wall location.

A relaxed silicon germanium structure comprises a silicon buffer layer produced using a chemical vapor deposition process with an operational pressure greater than approximately 1 torr. The relaxed silicon germanium structure further comprises a silicon germanium layer deposited over the silicon buffer layer. The silicon germanium layer has less than about 10⁷ threading dislocations per square centimeter. By depositing the silicon buffer layer at a reduced deposition rate, the overlying silicon germanium layer can be provided with a “crosshatch free” surface.

The invention discloses a dandelion health care tea which consists of the following components and mass percentage of the components is: dandelion leaves: 50 to 70 percent; dandelion rootlets: 25 to 35 percent; ganoderma lucidum rootlets: 2 to 8 percent; and wild chrysanthemum: 2 to 8 percent. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the health care tea which comprises the following steps: first cleaning the dandelion, and cutting the leaves and the root off by a knife, dipping the leaves in warm water for 3 minutes and drying after cutting the leaves into lumps of 1 square centimeter; cutting the root into threads by a blanket machine and drying; cutting the ganoderma lucidum into threads by the blanket machine and drying, and drying the wild chrysanthemum directly, then the health care tea is obtained by mixing and sterilizing the raw materials according to the mass percentage. The health care tea of the invention can effectively prevent and treat hyperplasia of mammary glands at the same time when satisfying the needs of drinking tea. After drinking the health care tea, the occurrence of mammary gland diseases such as hyperplasia of mammary glands of the female can be prevented; the female who suffer from the mammary gland diseases such as hyperplasia of mammary glands can also have good treatment effect after drinking the health care tea without side effects, risk of operation or scar.

Nanoelements such as single walled carbon nanotubes are assembled in three dimensions into a nanoscale template on a substrate by means of electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis at ambient temperature. The current-voltage relation indicates that strong substrate-nanotube interconnects carrying mA currents are established inside the template pores. The method is suitable for large-scale, rapid, three-dimensional assembly of 1,000,000 nanotubes per square centimeter area using mild conditions. Circuit interconnects made by the method can be used for nanoscale electronics applications.

The present invention provides an establishment and characterization method of in-vitro blood brain barrier model based on microfluidic chip. The microfluidic chip mainly comprises a cell inlet pool (1), collagen inlet pools (2), a cell culture chamber (3) and a waste liquid pool (4). The upper of the cell culture chamber (3) is connected with the cell inlet pool (1). The lower of the cell culture chamber (3) is connected with the waste liquid pool (4). Each collagen inlet pool respectively includes four observation chambers. The collagen inlet pools are communicated with the cell culture chamber (3). According to the invention, construction and characterization of the in-vitro blood brain barrier model and evaluation of the barrier function are integrated into a chip of a few square centimeters, and the chip can be used for in-vitro simulation and subsequent applications of the blood-brain barrier model. Compared the present invention with a Transwell small chamber co-culture model, the cell co-culture model secondary vaccination and time-consuming problems are solved, the flow conditions are added, the chip is closer to the true in-vivo microenvironment, the cell and reagent consumption are significantly reduced, and a plurality of experiment parameters can be obtained once and simultaneously.

A continuous process of forming a highly smooth surface on a metallic tape by passing a metallic tape having an initial roughness through an acid bath contained within a polishing section of an electropolishing unit over a pre-selected period of time, and, passing a mean surface current density of at least 0.18 amperes per square centimeter through the metallic tape during the period of time the metallic tape is in the acid bath whereby the roughness of the metallic tape is reduced. Such a highly smooth metallic tape can serve as a base substrate in subsequent formation of a superconductive coated conductor.

The invention relates to a synthetic method of the sec-butyl acetate with the acetic acid and linear butylene. The invention is characterized in that a fixed-bed reactor is used; the solid catalyst is used; when the butylenes pressure is between 2 and 15 kilograms per square centimeters and the reaction temperature is between 90 and 160 Celsius system, the acetic acid and olefin react and compose the sec-butyl acetate under the gas-liquid-solid reaction condition; therein, the ratio between the cetic acid and olefin is from 1 to 1.15 to 1 to 1.80; the material feeding airspeed of the acetic acid is 1.0 to 1.8 liters per hour; the solid catalyst is the modified resin catalyst, silica gel loading heteropoly acid catalyst, silica gel loading phosphoric acid catalyst or super acid catalyst. The invention overcomes the erosion of the equipment, the side reaction, the difficult treatment of the waste liquid of the reaction, and the difficult separation of water in the traditional process, which may cause the increase of the energy consumption; the invention can greatly lower the production cost of the product.