953 results about "Torr" patented technology

Improved methods and apparatuses for removing residue from the interior surfaces of the deposition reactor are provided. The methods involve increasing availability of cleaning reagent radicals inside the deposition chamber by generating cleaning reagent radicals in a remote plasma generator and then further delivering in-situ plasma energy while the cleaning reagent mixture is introduced into the deposition chamber. Certain embodiments involve a multi-stage process including a stage in which the cleaning reagent mixture is introduced at a high pressure (e.g., about 0.6 Torr or more) and a stage the cleaning reagent mixture is introduced at a low pressure (e.g., about 0.6 Torr or less).

A III-V nitride homoepitaxial microelectronic device structure comprising a III-V nitride homoepitaxial epi layer on a III-V nitride material substrate, e.g., of freestanding character. Various processing techniques are described, including a method of forming a III-V nitride homoepitaxial layer on a corresponding III-V nitride material substrate, by depositing the III-V nitride homoepitaxial layer by a VPE process using Group III source material and nitrogen source material under process conditions including V / III ratio in a range of from about 1 to about 105, nitrogen source material partial pressure in a range of from about 1 to about 103 torr, growth temperature in a range of from about 500 to about 1250 degrees Celsius, and growth rate in a range of from about 0.1 to about 500 microns per hour. The III-V nitride homoepitaxial microelectronic device structures are usefully employed in device applications such as UV LEDs, high electron mobility transistors, and the like.

Methods of forming silicon nitride thin films on a substrate in a reaction space under high pressure are provided. The methods can include a plurality of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) cycles, where at least one PEALD deposition cycle comprises contacting the substrate with a nitrogen plasma at a process pressure of 20 Torr to 500 Torr within the reaction space. In some embodiments the silicon precursor is a silyly halide, such as H2SiI2. In some embodiments the processes allow for the deposition of silicon nitride films having improved properties on three dimensional structures. For example, such silicon nitride films can have a ratio of wet etch rates on the top surfaces to the sidewall of about 1:1 in dilute HF.

The invention generally teaches a method for depositing a silicon film or silicon germanium film on a substrate comprising placing the substrate within a process chamber and heating the substrate surface to a temperature in the range from about 600° C. to about 900° C. while maintaining a pressure in the range from about 0.1 Torr to about 200 Torr. A deposition gas is provided to the process chamber and includes SiH4, an optional germanium source gas, an etchant, a carrier gas and optionally at least one dopant gas. The silicon film or the silicon germanium film is selectively and epitaxially grown on the substrate. One embodiment teaches a method for depositing a silicon-containing film with an inert gas as the carrier gas. Methods may include the fabrication of electronic devices utilizing selective silicon germanium epitaxial films.

A method of filling a feature in a substrate with tungsten without forming a seam is presented. The tungsten is deposited by a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process using hydrogen (H2) and tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) precursor gases. The H2 to WF6 flow rate ratio is greater than 40 to 1, such as from 40 to 1 to 100 to 1. The substrate temperature during deposition is less than 300 degrees Celsius (° C.) and the processing pressure during deposition is greater than 300 Torr.

A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprises the steps of forming a seed over the insulating film by introducing hydrogen and a deposition gas into a first treatment chamber under a first condition and forming a microcrystalline semiconductor film over the seed by introducing hydrogen and the deposition gas into a second treatment chamber under a second condition: a second flow rate of the deposition gas is periodically changed between a first value and a second value; and a second pressure in the second treatment chamber is higher than or equal to 1.0×102 Torr and lower than or equal to 1.0×103 Torr.

A method for depositing a dielectric film on a substrate includes positioning a plurality of substrates in a process chamber, heating the process chamber to a deposition temperature between 400° C. and less than 650° C., flowing a first process gas comprising water vapor into the process chamber, flowing a second process gas comprising dichlorosilane (DCS) into the process chamber, establishing a gas pressure of less than 2 Torr, and reacting the first and second process gases to thermally deposit a silicon oxide film on the plurality of substrates. One embodiment further includes flowing a third process gas comprising nitric oxide (NO) gas into the process chamber while flowing the first process gas and the second process gas; and reacting the oxide film with the third process gas to form a silicon oxynitride film on the substrate.

A method of manufacturing a single crystal ingot, and a single crystal ingot and a wafer manufactured thereby are provided. The method of manufacturing a single crystal ingot according to an embodiment includes forming a silicon melt in a crucible inside a chamber, preparing a seed crystal on the silicon melt, and growing a single crystal ingot from the silicon melt, and pressure of the chamber may be controlled in a range of 90 Torr to 500 Torr.

The present invention provides systems and methods of forming an epitaxial film on a substrate. After heating in a process chamber, the substrate is exposed to a silicon source and at least one of SiH2(CH3)2, SiH(CH3)3, Si(CH3)4, 1,3-disilabutane, and C2H2, at a temperature of greater than about 250 degrees Celsius and a pressure greater than about 1 Torr so as to form an epitaxial film on at least a portion of the substrate. Then, the substrate is exposed to an etchant so as to etch the epitaxial film and any other films formed during the deposition. The deposition and etching may be repeated until a film of a desired thickness is achieved. Numerous other aspects are disclosed.

A clock including: a portable, at least partially evacuated housing; a cell being positioned within the housing and including an internal cavity having interior dimensions each less than about 1 millimeter, an intra-cavity pressure of at least about 760 Torr, and containing a metal atomic vapor; an electrical to optical energy converter being positioned within the housing to emit light through the metal atomic vapor; an optical energy intensity detector being positioned within the housing to receive the light emitted by the converter through the metal atomic vapor; at least one conductive winding around the cavity to stabilize the magnetic field experienced in the cavity dependently upon the detector; and, an output to provide a signal from the housing dependently upon the detector detecting the light emitted by the converter through the metal atomic vapor.

A high performance TMR sensor is fabricated by incorporating a tunnel barrier having a Mg / MgO / Mg configuration. The 4 to 14 Angstroms thick lower Mg layer and 2 to 8 Angstroms thick upper Mg layer are deposited by a DC sputtering method while the MgO layer is formed by a NOX process involving oxygen pressure from 0.1 mTorr to 1 Torr for 15 to 300 seconds. NOX time and pressure may be varied to achieve a MR ratio of at least 34% and a RA value of 2.1 ohm-um2. The NOX process provides a more uniform MgO layer than sputtering methods. The second Mg layer is employed to prevent oxidation of an adjacent ferromagnetic layer. In a bottom spin valve configuration, a Ta / Ru seed layer, IrMn AFM layer, CoFe / Ru / CoFeB pinned layer, Mg / MgO / Mg barrier, CoFe / NiFe free layer, and a cap layer are sequentially formed on a bottom shield in a read head.

A gas sensor system is provided, comprising: a gas cell operable so as to receive a sample gas; a vacuum system fluidically coupled to the gas cell operable to maintain the sample gas within the gas cell at a sub-ambient pressure; a pressure sensor operable to sense a pressure of the sample gas; a thermally insulated enclosure having the gas cell therein; a heat source or heat exchanger operable to influence an interior temperature of the thermally insulated enclosure; a light source within the thermally insulated enclosure operable to provide a mid-infrared (mid-IR) light into and through the gas cell; a photodetector within the thermally insulated enclosure operable to receive the attenuated mid-IR; and a control system electronically coupled to the vacuum system and to the pressure sensor operable to maintain the sample gas within the gas cell at the predetermined pressure to within one torr (1 Torr).

A III-V nitride homoepitaxial microelectronic device structure comprising a III-V nitride homoepitaxial epi layer of improved epitaxial quality deposited on a III-V nitride material substrate, e.g., of freestanding character. Various processing techniques are described, including a method of forming a III-V nitride homoepitaxial layer on a corresponding III-V nitride material substrate, by depositing the III-V nitride homoepitaxial layer by a VPE process using Group III source material and nitrogen source material under process conditions including V / III ratio in a range of from about 1 to about 10<5>, nitrogen source material partial pressure in a range of from about 1 to about 10<3 >torr, growth temperature in a range of from about 500 to about 1250 degrees Celsius, and growth rate in a range of from about 0.1 to about 10<2 >microns per hour. The III-V nitride homoepitaxial microelectronic device structures are usefully employed in device applications such as UV LEDs, high electron mobility transistors, and the like.

A method of depositing organic material is provided. A carrier gas carrying an organic material is ejected from a nozzle at a flow velocity that is at least 10% of the thermal velocity of the carrier gas, such that the organic material is deposited onto a substrate. In some embodiments, the dynamic pressure in a region between the nozzle and the substrate surrounding the carrier gas is at least 1 Torr, and more preferably 10 Torr, during the ejection. In some embodiments, a guard flow is provided around the carrier gas. In some embodiments, the background pressure is at least about 10e-3 Torr, more preferably about 0.1 Torr, more preferably about 1 Torr, more preferably about 10 Torr, more preferably about 100 Torr, and most preferably about 760 Torr. A device is also provided. The device includes a nozzle, which further includes a nozzle tube having a first exhaust aperture and a first gas inlet; and a jacket surrounding the nozzle tube, the jacket having a second exhaust aperture and a second gas inlet. The second exhaust aperture completely surrounds the first tube aperture. A carrier gas source and an organic source vessel may be connected to the first gas inlet. A guard flow gas source may be connected to the second gas inlet. The device may include an array of such nozzles.

A method and apparatus for oxidizing materials used in semiconductor integrated circuits, for example, for oxidizing silicon to form a dielectric gate. An ozonator is capable of producing a stream of least 70% ozone. The ozone passes into an RTP chamber through a water-cooled injector projecting into the chamber. Other gases such as hydrogen to increase oxidation rate, diluent gas such as nitrogen or O2, enter the chamber through another inlet. The chamber is maintained at a low pressure below 20 Torr and the substrate is advantageously maintained at a temperature less than 800° C. Alternatively, the oxidation may be performed in an LPCVD chamber including a pedestal heater and a showerhead gas injector in opposition to the pedestal.

A vacuum insulation panel that includes a paper core made of at least one panel consisting of first and second facing sheets, made of paper, that sandwich a paper honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure preferably includes a plurality of cells that extend from the first facing sheet to the second facing sheet. The panel also includes an outer shell that surrounds the core, wherein the outer shell is made of a material of low gas permeability and is sealed to form a substantially airtight container around the core. In preferred embodiments, an interior of said outer shell has been evacuated to a pressure of between approximately 1-10 Torr, resulting in an insulating panel that has an R-value of approximately 3.

There is provided a catalyst and a process for converting methanol or dimethyl ether to a product containing C2 to C4 olefins. The catalyst comprises a porous crystalline material having a Diffusion Parameter for 2,2-dimethylbutane of about 0.1-20 sec-1 when measured at a temperature of 120 DEG C. and a 2,2-dimethylbutane pressure of 60 torr (8 kPa). In addition, the catalyst is characterized by a hydrothermal stability such that, after steaming the catalyst at 1025 DEG C. for 45 minutes in 1 atmosphere steam, the catalyst exhibits a methanol conversion activity of at least 50% when contacted with methanol at a methanol partial pressure of 1 atmosphere, a temperature of 430 DEG C. and 0.5 WHSV. The porous crystalline material is preferably a medium-pore zeolite, particularly ZSM-5, which contains phosphorus and has been severely steamed at a temperature of at least 950 DEG C.

While a silicon substrate is heated, gold is evaporated thereon at a thickness of 0.6 nm, whereby melted alloy droplets are formed on the substrate surface. Then, the silicon substrate is heated to 450.degree.-650.degree. C. in a silane gas atmosphere of less than 0.5 Torr. As a result, a silane gas decomposition reaction occurs with the melted alloy droplets serving as catalysts, whereby silicon wires grow on the substrate surface. Subsequently, the metal alloy droplets at the tips of the silicon wires are removed and surface portions of the silicon wires are oxidized. Resulting surface oxide films are thereafter removed. As a result, silicon quantum wires that are thinner by the thickness of the surface oxide films are obtained.

Inorganic precursors, namely iodosilane precursors, for the low temperature, low pressure deposition of silicon-containing films is provided therein. In one aspect, there is provided a process for forming a silicon-containing film process comprising: introducing a substrate and gaseous reagents comprising an iodosilane precursor having three or less iodine atoms bound to the silicon atom and at least one reagent selected from an oxygen-containing reactive gas, a nitrogen-containing reactive gas, a hydrogen-containing reactive gas and mixtures thereof into a reaction chamber; heating the reaction chamber to one or more temperatures ranging from 200° C. to 900° C. to form the silicon containing film on the substrate, provided that if the iodosilane precursor has three iodine atoms bound to the silicon atom then the heating step is conducted at one or more pressures less than 600 Torr.

An electronic device can include a substrate, a lid, a getter material adhered to at least a portion of at least one surface of the electronic device, wherein the portion of the surface will be an interior surface of the electronic device, and a sealing material adhered to at least a portion of the substrate and a portion of the lid. The sealing material includes a spacer material. A method for sealing the electronic device includes includes attaching the substrate and the lid in an inert atmosphere under an absolute pressure of less than 760 torr wherein the sealing material contacts both the substrate and the lid, and raising the pressure on the exterior of the device to ambient pressure.

A system (10) for delivery of reagent from a solid source thereof, comprising a structure (16, 22, 24) arranged to retain a solid source material (30) in confinement by at least a portion of the structure, for heating and generation of vapor from the solid source material by volatilization thereof, a heat source (82) arranged to heat the solid source material for such volatilization, and a vapor dispensing assembly (52, 54) arranged to discharge the vapor from the system. A high conductance valve (1510) is also described, suitable for use as a dispensing control valve for a reagent storage and dispensing vessel, e.g., a vessel containing a semiconductor manufacturing reagent that is dispensed at low pressure. The high conductance valve includes a valve body (1512) in which inlet and outlet passages are substantially perpendicular to one another, with their interior extremities communicating with a valve chamber (1536) containing a selectively positionable valve element movable between a fully open and fully closed position. Valve flow coefficient (CV) values on the order of 2.7 to 2.9 are achievable by such high conductance valve, enabling the valve to achieve superior dispensing operation even in extremely low pressure regimes, e.g., below 20 torr.

We have discovered that is possible to tune the stress of a single-layer silicon nitride film by manipulating certain film deposition parameters. These parameters include: use of multiple (typically dual) power input sources operating within different frequency ranges; the deposition temperature; the process chamber pressure; and the composition of the deposition source gas. In particular, we have found that it is possible to produce a single-layer, thin (300 Å to 1000 Å thickness) silicon nitride film having a stress tuned to be within the range of about −1.4 GPa (compressive) to about +1.5 GPa (tensile) by depositing the film by PECVD, in a single deposition step, at a substrate temperature within the range of about 375° C. to about 525 ° C., and over a process chamber pressure ranging from about 2 Torr to about 15 Torr.

Apparatus such as a furnace muffle (11) for use in a CVI / CVD furnace. The apparatus includes a bottom (12), a top (13), and an outer wall (3) defining an interior space (1) in the apparatus, and a passive heat distribution element (7, 9) located within the interior space (1) and apart from the outer wall (3). Preferably, the bottom (12) and top (12) include perforated plates and the outer wall (3) is cylindrical in shape and all are made of graphite or carbon-carbon composite material and the passive heat distribution element (7, 9) is cylindrical in shape and includes graphite or carbon-carbon composite discs having no spacers therebetween. Also, a method for densifying a porous carbon preform (5), which method includes the steps of: (a) providing the apparatus (11); (b) charging the apparatus (11) with a plurality of stacks of annular porous carbon preforms (5), the preforms being separated from one another by spacers (15); (c) locating the charged apparatus (11) in a furnace at a temperature in the range of 950-1100° C. and a pressure in the range of 5-40 torr; and (d) circulating a natural gas reactant blended with up to 15% propane through the apparatus for 150-900 hours. Also, a batch of carbon-carbon composite preforms made by the method, wherein the density of the batch of preforms is at least 0.5 g / cc higher than the density of a batch of preforms made by an otherwise identical process in which the apparatus does not contain a passive heat distribution element located within its interior. The preforms may be configured as aircraft landing system brake discs or racing car brake discs.

A fluid storage and dispensing system including a vessel containing a low heel carbon sorbent having fluid adsorbed thereon, with the system arranged to effect desorption of the fluid from the sorbent for dispensing of fluid on demand. The low heel carbon sorbent preferably is characterized by at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Heel, measured for gaseous arsine (AsH3) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 50 grams AsH3 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (ii) Heel, measured for gaseous boron trifluoride (BF3) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 20 grams boron trifloride per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (iii) Heel, measured for gaseous germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 250 grams AsH3 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (iv) Heel, measured for gaseous arsenic pentafluoride (AsF5) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 700 grams AsF5 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (v) Heel, measured for gaseous trimethyl silane (3MS) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 160 grams 3MS per liter of bed of the sorbent material; and (vi) Heel, measured for gaseous ethane (C2H4) at 21° C. at 25 Torr, of not more than 10 grams ethane per liter of bed of the sorbent material.

A method and apparatus for forming an epitaxial titanium silicide film is described. According to the present invention, a monocrystalline silicon substrate is placed in a deposition chamber and heated to a temperature between 710-770 DEG C. A silicon source gas and titanium tetrachloride are then provided into the deposition chamber. The deposition pressure is maintained between 5-10 torr. An epitaxial titanium silicide film is then formed on the substrate from the silicon source gas and the titanium tetrachloride.