720 results about "Heat distribution" patented technology

A method and apparatus for a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber provides uniform heat distribution, uniform distribution of process chemicals in the CVD chamber, and minimization of by-product and condensate residue in the chamber. The improvements include a processing chamber comprising a chamber body, a base, and a chamber lid defining a processing region, a substrate support disposed in the processing region, a gas delivery system mounted on a chamber lid, the gas delivery system comprising an adapter ring and two blocker plates that define a gas mixing region, and a face plate fastened to the adapter ring, an exhaust system mounted at the base, a heating element positioned to heat the adapter ring; and a heating element positioned to heat a portion of the exhaust system.

With small dimensional optics, small photovoltaic cells have heat distribution surfaces, very high concentrations and subsequently high utilization of the semiconductors can be achieved. Discrete photodiodes can be formed as spherical and other geometric shaped, cells with high performance characteristics, precision dimensions, and low cost. This invention positions discrete photovoltaic cells by using their geometric shape, elastic electrical mounts, couples them to small optical concentrator systems of refractory and or reflective optics and makes electrical network connections to those photodiodes, reliably, adjusting for thermal expansion, and at low cost to form low cost and reliable electrical power arrays. The electrical connectors and network can form part of the reflective optics and heat removal system. The electrical interconnection system can also form a reliable network that is self-correcting and tolerant of point failures.

Techniques for monitoring and predicting environmental operating conditions in a data center are provided. In one aspect, a method for real-time, three-dimensional analysis of environmental operating conditions in a data center includes the following steps. High spatial resolution three-dimensional measurements of one or more environmental variables in the data center made at a time t₁ are obtained. Real-time measurements of the environmental variables in the data center made at a time t₂, wherein t₂ is later in time than t₁, are obtained. The high spatial resolution three-dimensional measurements are combined with the real-time measurements to derive a model for the environmental variables in the data center at the time t₂. The model is used to predict three-dimensional distributions of the environmental variables in the data center at the time t₂. A base model can be created and used to derive the model for the data center at the time t₂.

The present invention provides a steam injection heatpump heating system. The technical solution is that the system is composed of a steam injector, a high voltage steam pipeline, a low voltage steam pipeline, a throttling gear and a bypass connecting pipe. The high voltage steam enters in the heat exchanger heaing backwater after injecting lower steam turbine voltage condensing in low temperature, this realises waste heat recovery in low temperature condensing steam of the steam turbine. The core component is the steam injector, the high voltage heat supplying pumping is used as high-velocity jet acceleratively formed in the injecting tube of the working steam, and lower voltage steam turbine is rolled in the mixing room as injected flow, mixing steam in the expanding section of the steam injector is decelerately compressed in a certain back pressure, then sending to the heat interchanger for heating backwater, a certian back pressure mixing steam condenses to water after heat releasing in the exchanger, returning to the backwater system of electrical factory, completing thermal circuit of the combined heat and power generation set.

A process and system for producing hydrocarbon compounds or fuels that recycle products of hydrocarbon compound combustion—carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, or both, and water. The energy for recycling is electricity derived from preferably not fossil based fuels, like from nuclear fuels or from renewable energy. The process comprises electrolysing water, and then using hydrogen to reduce externally supplied carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, then using so produced carbon monoxide together with any externally supplied carbon monoxide and hydrogen in Fischer-Tropsch reactors, with upstream upgrading to desired specification fuels—for example, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and others. Energy released in some of these processes is used by other processes. Using adiabatic temperature changes and isothermal pressure changes for gas processing and separation, large amounts of required energy are internally recycled using electric and heat distribution lines. Phase conversion of working fluid is used in heat distribution lines for increased energy efficiency. The resulting use of electric energy is less than 1.4 times the amount of the high heating value of combustion of so produced hydrocarbon compounds when carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide in the invention, and less than 0.84 when carbon monoxide is the source.

A lamp having a lighting source, integral electronics, and a thermal distribution mechanism disposed in a housing. The thermal distribution mechanism may include a For example, the lamp may include a thermal shield between the lighting source and the integral electronics. The lamp also may have a forced convection mechanism, such as an air-moving device, disposed adjacent the integral electronics. A heat pipe, a heat sink, or another conductive heat transfer member also may be disposed in thermal communication with one or more of the integral electronics. For example, the integral electronics may be mounted to a thermally conductive board. The housing itself also may be thermally conductive to conductively spread the heat and convect/radiate the heat away from the lamp.

A method of objectively quantifying assessments of joints having arthritis for purposes of assessment, diagnosis and treatment. The objective measurements utilize known imaging modalities including 3D scanning, thermal imaging, visible and near-infrared imaging and two-dimensional imaging to quantify swelling, heat distribution, erythema, and range or motion. The objective measurements can be combined in various ways to assess the extent of the disease and can be used to adjust treatment protocols.

Method of manufacture of a composite wiring structure for use with at least one semiconductor device, the structure having a first conductive member upon which the semiconductor device can be mounted for electrical connection thereto. A dielectric member, made of ceramic or organo-ceramic composite material, is bonded to the first conductive member and contains embedded therein a conductive network and a thermal distribution network. A second conductive member may be incorporated with the composite wiring structure, with a capacitor electrically connected between the conductive network and the second conductive member. Bonding between the dielectric member and the conductive members may be in the form of a direct covalent bond formed at a temperature insufficient to adversely effect the structural integrity of the conductive network and the thermal distribution network.

Systems and methods are provided for modeling and for providing a graphical representation of tissue heating and electric field distributions for medical treatment devices that apply electrical treatment energy through one or a plurality of electrodes. In embodiments, methods comprise: providing one or more parameters of a treatment protocol for delivering one or more electrical pulses to tissue through a plurality of electrodes; modeling electric and heat distribution in the tissue based on the parameters; and displaying a graphical representation of the modeled electric and heat distribution. In another embodiment, a treatment planning module is adapted to generate an estimated target ablation zone based on a combination of one or more parameters for an irreversible electroporation protocol and one or more tissue-specific conductivity parameters.

The present disclosure relates to a return pad for use with an electrosurgical system and includes a contact layer configured to engage patient skin, a conductive layer disposed on the contact layer, and a heating layer operatively associated with at least one of the contact layer and the conductive layer. The heating layer is configured to heat the return pad.

A method of controlling energy use in a system comprising a plurality of computing resources arranged in at least one computing device is described. The method includes: defining a desired heat profile for a computing device which optimises airflow characteristics for the computing device; monitoring the energy use of at lease one computing resource; determining the heat generation of each computing resource at least partly on the basis of the energy use of the computing resource; and controlling the operation of one or more computing resources so that the heat generation of the computing device is optimised towards the desired heat profile.

A CHP optimal dispatching model is a mixed integer programming model and is used for a district heating system (DHS) comprising a heat source, a heating network and a heat load, and the heating network comprises a heat transmission network and a heat distribution network. A plurality of heating areas is divided, and one day is divided into a plurality of time periods; the heat transmission loss of the heat distribution network is omitted, and a heat transmission network model taking transmission time delay of the heating network into consideration is established according to the heat transmission network; a terminal heat consumer model capable of reflecting indoor temperature is established; and a combined optimal dispatching model comprising conventional generators, wind power units, CHP units, electric boilers and heat storage tanks is established.

A heating and cooling device is disclosed comprising at least one integral low voltage heating and cooling source and an efficient flexible heat distribution means having a thermal conductivity of from 375 to 4000 W/mK for distributing the heat and cool across a surface. Further aspects include thermal interface compounds to provide full thermal contact as well as the use of a phase change material to provide a long lasting heating and/or cooling effect without the use of external electrical input. Preferred applications include automotive and furniture seating heating and cooling, along with outdoor garments having distributed heating and cooling effects.

The invention concerns a thin layer semi-conductor structure including a semi-conductor surface layer (2) separated from a support substrate (1) by an intermediate zone (3), the intermediate zone (3) being a multi-layer electrically insulating the semi-conductor surface layer from the support substrate. The intermediate zone has a considered sufficiently good electrical quality of interface with the semi-conductor surface layer and includes at least one first layer, of satisfactory thermal conductivity to provide a considered as correct operation of the electronic device or devices which are to be elaborated from the semi-conductor surface layer (2), the intermediate zone including additionally a second insulating layer of low dielectric constant, located between the first layer and the support substrate.

A device for feeding and controlling secondary air from secondary air ducts into flue gas channels of horizontal coke oven chambers is shown. The flue gas channels are located underneath the coke oven chamber floor on which coal carbonization is realized. The flue gas channels serve for combustion of partly burnt coking gases from the coke oven chamber. The partly burnt gases are burnt with secondary air, thus heating the coke cake also from below to ensure even coal carbonization. Secondary air comes from the secondary air ducts connected to atmospheric air and to the flue gas channels. Controlling elements are mounted in the connecting channels between the flue gas channels and secondary air ducts which can precisely control the air flow into the flue gas channels. Thereby, it is possible to achieve a much more regular heating and heat distribution in coke oven chambers. The actual controlling devices in the connecting channels can be formed by turnable pipe sections, wall bricks, or metal flaps. It is particularly advantageous to utilize a hump-like facility (tabouret) which sits in the secondary air ducts and which is comprised of a tabouret plate with a central opening that is slid under the corresponding embranchment to regulate the gas stream. The controlling mechanism can be actuated manually, electrically, or pneumatically. Thereby, the controlling device can also be automated.

An electrosurgical system includes an electrosurgical power generating source, an energy applicator operably associated with the electrosurgical power generating source, a heat-distribution indicator adapted to change echogenic properties in response to heat generated by energy delivered by the energy applicator, and a processor unit configured to generate at least one electrical signal for controlling at least one operating parameter associated with the electrosurgical power generating source. The system also includes an imaging system capable of acquiring image data. The imaging system is communicatively-coupled to the processor unit. The processor unit is adapted to determine an ablation rate at least in part based on analysis of one or more images acquired by the imaging system.

A heating apparatus of an electromagnetic inductive heat generating type using a magnetic flux shield member, the heating apparatus including a coil for generating a magnetic flux, a roller member for generating heat by the magnetic flux from the coil, and heating a material to be heated, the magnetic flux shield member for shielding the magnetic flux from the coil to the roller member to thereby vary the generated heat distribution of the roller member, and a guide member provided in non-contact with the roller member for guiding the movement of the magnetic flux shield member to a predetermined magnetic flux suppressing position, thereby realizing an improvement in the faulty operation of the magnetic flux shield member.

Thermal management of an electric machine is implemented by selecting a stator core configuration in accordance with an intended machine application and determining the minimum heat dissipation necessary to maintain the temperature of the core segment configuration at peak excitation within acceptable limits is determined. A core model is used to ascertain thermal distribution at peak excitation. In accordance therewith, a pattern in the selected core segment configuration is established for placement of at least one heat pipe for removing heat from the core. Preferably, heat pipes are located at high thermal points in the core segment and oriented in alignment with mapped lines of flux. By placing the heat pipe either at the center of the core or at a recessed boundary layer between the core and winding, the heat pipe can capture and conduct excess heat away from the heat generating areas of the core, thus maintaining the core and the excitation windings at desired temperature.

Methods and systems for solar energy converter with increased photovoltaic and thermal conversion efficiencies including a collection optics for receiving and concentrating incident sunlight, or radiation from any other directed electromagnetic energy source, an optical filtering unit for separating and redirecting infrared light and ultraviolet light from incoming solar light, a thermal distribution unit redirecting heat from the optical filtering unit into a thermal-loop, and a photovoltaic for receiving the filtered light from the filtering system and converting the light into energy.

A Peltier effect cooling device is formed in combination with an electronic device to form a unique thermal and electrical relationship. An electronic device to be cooled is placed in a serial electrical relationship between at least two thermoelectric couples while simultaneously being in thermal contact with a cold side of the cooler arrangement. The same current which produces the thermoelectric effect in the Peltier thermocouples also drives the electronic device. A balanced effect results as a higher driving current through the electronic device causes greater heating, it is offset by the added cooling due to a greater current in the thermocouples. In addition, a unique spatial arrangement provides improved heat distribution and transfer to a heat sink. Due to the unique shapes of Peltier elements, heat is pulled radially from a heat generating source and distributed at a peripheral region. Shaped Peltier elements are tapered from a small cold area to a large hot area to further magnify the transfer of heat.

The invention provides a real-time issuing method and a real-time issuing system of a safe and economic operation state of a thermal power plant. The method comprises the following steps: building a real-time communication protocol among SIS, MIS, a video monitoring system and 3D-GIS; building a three-dimensional model indicating a production area view of the thermal power plant by utilizing a 3D-GIS technology to ensure that the three-dimensional model corresponds to equipment, heat distribution pipelines, valves and the like in a real production environment; processing data, video pictures, expert knowledge bases and the like pushed by the SIS, 3D-GIS and the video monitoring system by a GIS server and integrating to three-dimensional model corresponding positions; supplying the safe and economic operation state and fault solution strategies of location point equipment or systems. According to the real-time issuing method and the real-time issuing system, the complete coverage of the safe and economic operation state monitoring requirements and fault solution strategies of the unit are achieved, so that the occurrence of major accidents caused by ignorance of data abnormity due to human factors can be greatly reduced, and the safe and economic operation and the management level of the thermal power plant are effectively improved.

A return pad for use with an electrosurgical system is disclosed. The return pad includes a conductive layer, a contact layer configured to engage a patient's skin and an intermediate layer disposed between the conductive layer and the contact layer. The intermediate layer is adapted to distribute energy.

A hydrogen storage tank for containing solid-state hydrogen storage media, and method for determining the hydrogen fill level in the tank. The tank has at least one compartment for storing the storage media, passages for transporting hydrogen gas to and from the compartment, and a heat distribution system for establishing a substantially uniform temperature in the storage media. A look-up table is generated for the tank that relates hydrogen pressure changes in the tank versus hydrogen fill levels in the tank as a function of temperature. The tank is filled to full capacity by adsorbing hydrogen on the storage media. Thereafter, hydrogen is released from the storage media for a time period during which there is a substantially constant demand on the tank, the change in pressure of the released hydrogen gas is measured, and the look-up table is applied to determine the hydrogen fill level in the tank.

A packaging material for forming a cook-in food package formed from an aluminum foil sheet for providing uniform heat distribution and moldable conformity of the material to a food being cooked, a paper sheet for directly contacting the food and providing a non-stick, releasable food contacting surface and a barrier between the food and the aluminum foil sheet, and a food grade adhesive applied between the aluminum foil sheet and the paper sheet and bonding the aluminum foil sheet and paper sheet together to form a lamination thereof.

Techniques for data center analysis are provided. In one aspect, a method for modeling thermal distributions in a data center is provided. The method includes the following steps. Vertical temperature distribution data is obtained for a plurality of locations throughout the data center. The vertical temperature distribution data for each of the locations is plotted as an s-curve, wherein the vertical temperature distribution data reflects physical conditions at each of the locations which is reflected in a shape of the s-curve. Each of the s-curves is represented with a set of parameters that characterize the shape of the s-curve, wherein the s-curve representations make up a knowledge base model of predefined s-curve types from which thermal distributions and associated physical conditions at the plurality of locations throughout the data center can be analyzed.

A method of manufacturing a tubular carbon molecule capable of regularly aligning a carbon nanotube with a finer spacing is provided. A catalyst is arranged on a material substrate (10) made of a semiconductor such as silicon (Si) and including iron (Fe) as a catalyst through the use of melting according to a modulated heat distribution (11). The heat distribution (11) is formed, for example, through diffracting an energy beam (12) by a diffraction grating (13). As a method of arranging the catalyst, for example, iron may be deposited in a planar shape or a projection shape in a position corresponding to the heat distribution (11), or the deposited iron may be used as a master to be transferred to another substrate. A carbon nanotube is grown through the use of the arranged catalyst. The grown carbon nanotube can be used as a recording apparatus, a field electron emission device, an FED or the like.

The invention provides a non-combustion low-temperature top-speed heating device and a cigarette case thereof. The heating device comprises a cigarette holder, a cigarette rod and a battery bin which are all sequentially connected. The cigarette holder is provided with a cavity for a cigarette to be inserted; a fixing frame, a controller arranged in the fixing frame, and a heating body capable of being inserted into the cigarette are arranged in the cigarette rod, the heating body is connected with the end, close to the cavity of the cigarette holder, of the fixing frame, and the heating body is opposite to the cavity; a detachable and replaceable battery is arranged in the battery bin, and the controller is connected with the heating body and the battery; the heating body is a ceramic heating piece with two sides capable of being heated. Due to the fact that the two-sided ceramic heating piece is arranged, the interior of the cigarette is heated in a two-sided heating mode, the temperature raising speed is high, and heat distribution is relatively uniform.

Techniques for data center analysis are provided. In one aspect, a method for modeling thermal distributions in a data center includes the following steps. Vertical temperature distribution data is obtained for a plurality of locations throughout the data center and is plotted as an s-curve, wherein the vertical temperature distribution data reflects physical conditions at each of the locations which is reflected in a shape of the s-curve. Each of the s-curves is represented with a set of parameters that characterize the shape of the s-curve, wherein the s-curve representations make up a knowledge base model of predefined s-curve types from which thermal distributions and associated physical conditions at the plurality of locations throughout the data center can be analyzed. The set of parameters that characterize the shape of the s-curve are associated with the physical conditions at the plurality of locations throughout the data center using a machine-learning model.

A computing system includes a number of memory modules and temperature sensors. Each temperature sensor measures a temperature of a memory module. In such a computing system a garbage collector during garbage collection, determines whether a temperature measurement of a temperature sensor indicates that a memory module is overheated and, if a temperature measurement of a temperature sensor indicates a memory module is overheated, the garbage collector reallocates one or more active memory regions on the overheated memory module to a non-overheated memory module. Reallocating the active memory regions includes copying contents of the active memory regions from the overheated memory module to the non-overheated memory module.

A smart water supply valve system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises an inflow unit for being supplied with water through one or more pipes; a valve for allowing/suspending the flow of water input through the inflow unit; a first sensing unit for sensing the pressure or flow rate of water unit input through the input unit; a second sensing unit for sensing at least one of the movement, the shape, and the heat distribution of an object; a controller for controlling the amount of opening/closing of the valve or the flow rate of water on the basis of sensing outputs from the first and second sensing units; and an outflow unit for discharging water supplied from the pipe.