835 results about "Gas blending" patented technology

The present disclosure relates to a carbon-based nanomaterial composition that may be formed from a gas mixture and a sulfur powder. The gas mixture may include a carbon based gas, an oxygen gas, and a hydrogen gas. The carbon-based nanomaterial composition may include sulfur doped nanospheres.

The utility model discloses a multi-element gas automatic mixing device which comprises a plurality of gas branches, all the gas branches are jointly connected with a gas main path, the gas main path is connected with a mixing tank, the gas main path is provided with a static mixer, the mixing tank is provided with a dynamic mixer, and the static mixer is connected with the dynamic mixer. A gas outlet of the mixing tank is sequentially provided with a first-stage buffer tank, a second-stage buffer tank, a third-stage buffer tank and a first gas storage chamber in the gas conveying direction, and efficient mixing of gas is achieved through a static mixer and a dynamic mixer. The static mixer utilizes a spiral structure to generate rotation and turbulent flow to promote uniform mixing of gas; under the condition that the gas flow speed is lower or the gas types are more, the dynamic mixer is provided with an electric stirring blade, the mixing uniformity is further improved through mechanical stirring, the gas enters the buffer tank after being mixed through the arrangement of the multi-stage buffer tank, the pressure fluctuation is reduced, and the flow speed is homogenized. And the repeated diffusion and distribution process in the buffer tank improves the mixing uniformity of the gas.

An apparatus and method for determining the presence of a disease by analyzing a specimen by providing a vial partially containing the specimen and partially containing a headspace above the specimen, injecting an inert gas into the specimen in the vial to cause bubbling of the gas throughout at least a portion of the specimen such that the gas mixes with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the specimen to create a VOC / gas mixture that is released into the headspace, collecting the VOC / gas mixture from the headspace in the vial, supplying the VOC / gas mixture to a chamber within the apparatus, causing the VOC / gas mixture to pass over a sensor array in proximity to the chamber, the sensor array generating an electrical signal as a function of VOCs detected in the VOC / gas mixture, and processing the electrical signal to determine the presence of a disease in the specimen.

The present disclosure provides a non-condensable gas reduction system that reduces the effects of atmospheric components contained in gas that is reduced in the reduction well. [Solution] A non-condensable gas reduction system in a geothermal power plant returns non-condensable gas that remains uncondensed when cooled from a first gas contained in geothermal fluid that springs from a production well to a reinjection well. The non-condensable gas reduction system comprises: a pump that pressurizes the first liquid sent to the reinjection well; an ejector that is driven by the first liquid, attracts the non-condensable gas, and discharges a second liquid that is a mixture of the first liquid and the non-condensable gas; and a gas separator connected downstream of the ejector that separates the second gas containing atmospheric components that has been mixed into the second liquid, and discharges the second gas into the atmosphere while discharging the second liquid into the reinjection well.

Disclosed are multi-cartridge hollow fiber membrane apparatuses and methods for gas separation using them. Each external pressure type membrane apparatus contains one or more series of cartridges wherein the cartridges within each series are arranged sequentially. The retentate gas generated by each preceding cartridge in the series is used as a feed gas to the next cartridge in the series, and the permeate gas generated by a cartridge following the first cartridge in the series is used as a sweep gas on the permeate side of the preceding cartridge. The multicomponent gas mixture is separated into one or more products by the method of the invention with improved product recovery and / or product purity.

The invention discloses a natural gas hydrogen-doped or pure hydrogen verification and calibration loop. The loop comprises a gas supplementing and exhausting device, a filtering device, a circulating fan, a heat exchanger, a temperature control system, a bypass adjusting device, a working-grade standard device, a detected device, a transmission turbine device and a verification control system which are sequentially connected according to a gas flowing sequence to form the loop, the calibration method comprises the following steps: step 1, analyzing an obtained gas component xi by a mass spectrum analyzer; 2, calculating a contrast density function # imgabs0 # and a contrast temperature function # imgabs1 #; 3, assuming the molar density rho value of the gas mixture to obtain the contrast density delta and the reciprocal tau of the contrast temperature of the gas mixture; and 4, calculating to obtain comparison Helmholtz free energy # imgabs2 # binary comparison Helmholtz free energy # imgabs3 # and ideal Helmholtz free energy # imgabs4 #. The loop and the calibration method effectively solve the problems of verification and calibration of the detected flowmeter for trade measurement of natural gas doped hydrogen or pure hydrogen gas.

The present disclosure relates generally to a system for inflating a balloon and more particularly to a system and methods by which parameters for an inflation process are defined based on design and location of a balloon. Particularly, the system is configured to, automatically or in response to a user input, execute an inflation process to facilitate providing a defined minimum amount of a lighter-than-air gas followed by one or more supplemental gases to create a mixture within the balloon. Advantageously, the system may be configured to optimize an amount of each gas injected based on a design and location of the balloon and output an interface including costs, savings, and parameters relating to the location, design, and / or gaseous mixture.

There is provided a method for nitrogen oxide (NOx) synthesis, the method comprising: - providing a gas mixture comprising oxygen and nitrogen in a plasma reactor chamber; and - exciting the gas mixture into plasma in the plasma reactor chamber, wherein a duration of the excitation is in the range ≥0.15 / P nanoseconds & ≤90 / P nanoseconds, wherein P is pressure of the gas mixture in atm, and wherein the gas mixture is provided at a pressure P of ≥ 1.1 atm.

The invention belongs to the field of simulation optimization control, and particularly relates to a biomass gas blending combustion parameter optimization simulation control system based on combustion product prediction, and the system comprises an acquisition module which carries out data preprocessing based on multi-source pilot frequency sampling and through frequency division domain adaptive filtering and variable step size gradient descent optimization; the prediction module is used for predicting combustion product characteristic indexes through a mechanism and data driven double-layer fusion model; the control mapping module is used for obtaining a boiler control response parameter set by adopting deep reinforcement learning strategy network analysis under multi-target constraint; and the simulation adjustment module is used for loading control parameters in the digital twin platform, judging deviation based on a dynamic self-adaptive threshold value and triggering closed-loop feedback adjustment. According to the method, the problems of inaccurate pollutant prediction and control lag caused by fluctuation of biomass raw materials are solved, and feed-forward accurate control and closed-loop adaptive optimization are realized.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composites, and relates to a metal matrix composite preparation device which comprises a metal melting furnace, a reinforcement conveying device and a blowing mixing device, and the reinforcement conveying device is connected with the blowing mixing device so as to convey reinforcements to the blowing mixing device; the injection mixing device is provided with an air inlet and a nozzle communicated with the air inlet, the nozzle is inserted into a cavity of the metal melting furnace, the nozzle is arranged below the liquid level of metal melt in the metal melting furnace, and the nozzle is further communicated with a reinforcing body conveying device. And the reinforcing body is fed into the metal melt in the metal melting furnace through gas introduced into the gas inlet. According to the utility model, the enhanced body is mixed with the gas through the injection mixing device, and then is directly blown into the melt in the metal melting furnace, so that the enhanced body is more uniformly stored in the melt, and the agglomeration is avoided.

A gas measuring device (100) for analyzing a gas mixture (310) and monitoring an environment (300) has a housing (110) for delimiting a measurement interior volume (120) and / or for separating the measurement interior volume (120) from the environment (300) containing the gas mixture (310). The housing has a gas inlet (111) and a gas outlet (112) for respective fluid-conducting connection between the measurement interior volume (120) and the environment (300), and an electrochemical gas sensor unit, which is arranged within the measurement interior volume (120), and which serves for determining a concentration of a gas fraction, in particular an oxygen fraction, contained in the gas mixture (310).The gas measuring device (100) has a heating element (220) and with an open-loop and / or closed-loop control system (230) to increase or maintain an interior temperature (TI) of the measurement interior volume (120) and settable by means of the control system (230).

This invention relates to an advanced method for detecting and analyzing scent profiles using an intelligent gas sensor array system. The method involves acquiring an initial data set from a sensor array exposed to a gas mixture, followed by performing a coarse analysis to determine a superset of scent profiles, which includes various subset scent profiles within the gas mixture. Based on this preliminary analysis, a set of refinement parameters is established, leading to the adjustment of operational parameters of the sensor array. These parameters include sampling rate, duration of sensing, sensor selection, heating profile, and energy feed to selected sensors, which are tailored to enhance the specificity and accuracy of the subsequent analysis. The method further includes acquiring an expanded data set under these optimized conditions, allowing for a refined analysis of the gas mixture. This refined analysis is specifically designed to accurately identify the presence of target scent profiles, utilizing the enhanced sensitivity and specificity provided by the adjusted sensor array settings.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of ethylene glycol preparation, and particularly relates to an esterification purge gas treatment device in a process of preparing ethylene glycol from synthesis gas, which comprises an MN recovery tower, a gas mixer, a tail gas heater, a tail gas reactor, a cooler and a tail gas absorption tower, tower top outlet gas of the MN recovery tower and purge gas from PSA desorption gas of a hydrogenation unit enter a gas mixer, are mixed in the gas mixer, then enter a tail gas heater to be heated and then enter a tail gas reactor to react, an outlet of the tail gas reactor is connected with an inlet of a cooler, an outlet of the cooler is connected with a tail gas absorption tower, and an outlet of the tail gas absorption tower is connected with an outlet of the MN recovery tower. The tail gas absorption tower is connected with a spray water inlet pipe and a waste gas discharge pipe; and the tail gas reactor is a fixed tubular reactor. According to the device, nitrogen oxide which cannot be directly discharged in esterification purge gas can react to generate harmless gas such as nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide, environmental pollution is avoided, the device can adapt to the shutdown working condition of an esterification system, air does not need to be supplemented to the MN recovery tower, and the technological operation risk is reduced.

Gas turbine power plant flue gas carbon dioxide capture system and method, which relates to the field of purification and treatment of flue gas pollutants. It solves the problems that in the existing carbon dioxide capture of gas turbine power plants, the physical separation method has high energy consumption and is not suitable for large-scale capture, and the chemical absorption method has environmental pollution and great capture difficulty. In the present invention, after the flue gas is cooled twice before and after passing through a cold water heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger in sequence, the low-concentration carbon dioxide flue gas is adsorbed and enriched by a carbon dioxide molecular sieve group, and the carbon dioxide mixed gas and the high-pressure impurity mixed gas are separated, and the carbon dioxide mixed gas is compressed and cooled by a compressor and a refrigerant heat exchanger, so as to realize the liquefaction and separation of low-concentration carbon dioxide. The present invention mainly purifies and treats flue gas pollutants.

The present invention discloses a hydrogen energy utilization gas blending system and a hydrogen and natural gas ratio control method, which relates to the field of renewable energy utilization. The source hydrogen enters the gas mixing pipeline through an inlet ball valve, a pneumatic shut-off valve, and a filter, and the hydrogen flow is measured by a flow meter. The hydrogen dosage is adjusted by a regulating valve and then enters the gas mixing device through an outlet ball valve; the source natural gas enters the gas mixing pipeline through an inlet ball valve, a filter shut-off valve, and after pressure regulation and metering, it passes through a regulating valve to the outlet ball valve and enters the gas mixing device; the detection equipment at the gas mixing outlet controls the opening of the regulating valve on the natural gas and hydrogen pipelines together with the flow value after temperature and pressure compensation, controls the hydrogen volume flow, performs online adjustment and automatic following of the hydrogenation amount, and realizes the ratio of natural gas and hydrogen. The present invention realizes a stable gas mixing ratio of the two gases and high mixing accuracy. The equipment is skid-mounted as a whole, and an external stainless steel box with insulation and silencer functions is installed. The equipment is compact and beautiful, and is easy to install and move.

The method is for producing para-xylene using, as a main raw material, a mixed gas of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide or both thereof and hydrogen. The method including: a reaction step of bringing a raw material mixed gas including the mixed gas into contact with a reaction catalyst under high temperature and high pressure to cause a reaction, to thereby obtain a product gas mixture containing para-xylene; a separation step of cooling the product gas mixture obtained in the reaction step to condense a high boiling point component, to thereby separate the product gas mixture into a water phase containing a water-soluble component, an oil phase containing a xylene mixture, and a gas phase containing an unreacted gas; and a circulation step of mixing at least part of the gas phase having been separated in the separation step into the raw material mixed gas.

The invention provides a hydrogen mixing device, relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrogen mixing, and aims to improve the mixing effect of natural gas and hydrogen. The hydrogen mixing device comprises a natural gas inlet pipe, a hydrogen inlet pipe, a mixing pipe and a mixing element. The mixing element is arranged in the mixing pipe, the mixing element comprises a first fixing frame and a first blade group, the first fixing frame is provided with a first mixing channel, the first mixing channel is provided with a first mixing inlet and a first mixing outlet, the first blade group is arranged in the first mixing channel, the first blade group comprises a plurality of first blades and a plurality of second blades, the first blade extends along a first direction, one end of the second blade is connected with one end of the first blade far away from the first mixing inlet, the other end extends to the first mixing outlet along a second direction, and the orthographic projection of the first blade on the plane of the second blade is overlapped with at least part of the outline of the second blade; wherein the first direction intersects with the second direction.

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass fuel, in particular to a power station boiler blending combustion biomass fuel coupling chemical looping combustion system and method.The power station boiler blending combustion biomass fuel coupling chemical looping combustion system comprises a water electrolysis device, the water electrolysis device is connected with a fuel reactor and a second gas mixer, and the fuel reactor is connected with an air reactor; the first gas mixer is connected with the air reactor; a boiler body; the biomass crusher is connected with the boiler body, and the biomass crusher is connected with the air reactor; the boiler body is connected with the first gas mixer, oxygen generated by electrolyzing water through a renewable energy source can serve as a chemical product to be recycled; and the biomass can also be mixed with air to form oxygen-enriched over fire air, so that the combustion efficiency of the boiler during mixed combustion of the biomass is improved.

An ironmaking method comprising the production of hot metal (2) and of a blast furnace top gas (10), the method comprising the steps of capturing at least a part of the top gas (10), separating CO2 from the captured top gas (10) so as to produce a CO2-rich stream (12) and a CO2-lean stream (11), mixing the CO2-rich stream (12) with a H2 makeup stream (30) and subjecting the obtained CO2 / H2 gas mixture to a reverse water gas shift reaction in a reactor (3) to produce a reducing stream (13) comprising CO and H2, separating H2 from the reducing stream to produce a CO- rich stream (14) and an H2-rich stream (15), mixing the H2-rich stream (15) with the CO2-rich stream (12) or with the CO2 / H2 gas mixture in the reactor (3) and subjecting the obtained gas mixture to the reverse water gas shift reaction and feeding at least a portion of the CO-rich stream 14 (13) to at least one chemical or biochemical plant (4) to produce one or more chemical products (16).

To provide a combustion system capable of suppressing emission of greenhouse effect gas caused by mixed combustion of combustion supporting fuel with mixed gas containing inert gas and hydrocarbon gas while suppressing atmospheric emission of hydrocarbon gas.SOLUTION: A combustion system 1 includes: a membrane separation device 3 that generates process gas Gp obtained by separating at least part of nitrogen gas Gn from mixed gas Gm by using a separation membrane; a boiler 19 capable of burning at least any of methane gas Gh, the mixed gas Gm and the process gas Gp; and a mixed gas control section 6 that controls supply of the mixed gas Gm to the membrane separation device 3. When inert gas ratio determination means 9 determines a ratio is larger than a first threshold value, the mixed gas control section 6 supplies the mixed gas Gm from a mixed gas line 2 to the membrane separation device 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention provides an efficient gas mixer and method for nitrogen-free combustion of a steam-injection boiler, a gas mixture comprises a support, a premixer and a main mixer, the premixer and the main mixer are both arranged on the support, one end of the premixer is communicated with an oxygen inlet pipe and a carbon dioxide inlet pipe respectively, the other end of the premixer is provided with a gas distributor, and the gas distributor is communicated with the main mixer. The gas distributor is communicated with a main mixer, and the main mixer is communicated with a gas collector. According to the premixer, the oblique angle is adopted to change the flow direction of gas, so that carbon dioxide and oxygen flow oppositely after passing through the oblique angle and are in a turbulent flow state in the premixer, and the purpose of premixing is achieved. The inner part of the main mixer adopts a corrugated sheet type, and the zigzag corrugated sheet can change the flow direction of the gas for multiple times and increase the turbulence of the gas, so that the carbon dioxide and the oxygen are further uniformly mixed; the gas collector collects uniformly fed mixed gas and sends the mixed gas to the outlet pipe of the mixer, and meanwhile, the flat plate of the collector supports the corrugated sheet to prevent the corrugated sheet from being blown into the outlet pipe of the mixer by the gas to cause blockage.

The invention discloses a hydrogen concentration measurement method based on a multi-mode sensor, and relates to the technical field of gas detection and industrial process safety monitoring. Hydrogen sensors based on different physical principles are introduced in the same measurement link, and environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, pressure and the like and sensor output are collected together; a multi-dimensional feature is formed after normalization and time alignment, and then fusion is performed by using a weight adaptive to the change of an environment, so that instantaneous errors generated by a single sensor due to temperature drift, wet drift or pressure fluctuation are shared or suppressed, and the stability and repeatability of a fusion result are improved; furthermore, a cross sensitivity compensation module arranged before fusion identifies response differences between hydrogen and interference components such as carbon monoxide and methane by using a machine learning model obtained by training under a multi-gas mixing working condition, and the probability of false signals and false alarms caused by coexisting gas is reduced on the premise that a special detection channel is not added.

The invention relates to an apparatus for separating a gas mixture containing CO2 and at least one component that is lighter than CO2, which comprises a separation unit (CC) for separation by partial condensation and / or distillation at a temperature lower than 0°C of the gas mixture (MG), generating a CO2-enriched fluid (P) and a first waste gas (PGR) depleted in CO2 which is substantially at the same pressure as the gas mixture and an apparatus for separation by pressure swing adsorption (CO2 PSA) of the first waste gas, producing a first CO2-enriched gas (GE) at a first pressure and a second waste gas (DGR) depleted in CO2 at a second pressure higher than the first pressure, a turbine (T1) and a pipe for sending the first waste gas (PGR) to expand in the turbine (T1) downstream of the separation unit (CC) and upstream of the apparatus for separation by pressure swing adsorption (CO2 PSA).

The present disclosure provides a non-condensable gas reduction system that returns non-condensable gas contained in highly maintainable geothermal fluid to a reinjection well. **Solution**: A non-condensable gas reduction system used in a geothermal power plant, comprising: a gas-liquid separator that separates geothermal fluid gushing out from a production well into a first gas and a first liquid; a turbine rotated by the first gas; and a condenser that cools the first gas rotated by the turbine and condenses vapor contained in the first gas into a second liquid, the non-condensable gas reduction system further comprising: a pump that pressurizes a third liquid sent to a reinjection well; a plurality of ejectors driven by the third liquid, attracting non-condensable gas contained in the first gas and remaining uncondensed in the condenser, and discharging a fourth liquid in which the third liquid and the non-condensable gas are mixed; and a plurality of lines provided in parallel, including any one of the plurality of ejectors, wherein the first liquid and the fourth liquid are mixed and sent to the reinjection well.

In embodiments disclosed herein, a method for calibrating a photonic sensor includes collecting a plurality of concentration measurements with a photonic sensor with a plurality of different reference gas mixtures under various temperature and pressure environments, where each reference gas mixture includes a known species concentration, and implementing a parameter optimization routine to minimize deviations between the known species concentrations and the plurality of concentration measurements obtained by the photonic sensor, where the optimization routine generates one or more calibration constants. In an embodiment, the method may further include integrating the one or more calibration constants into a modified concentration formula, and storing the modified concentration formula in a controller used to operate the photonic sensor.

The invention discloses a field high-sensitivity CO2 concentration detection device and a fault self-diagnosis method thereof.A shell of the device is internally divided into an air inlet chamber, a concentration quantitative control chamber, a two-stage gas mixing chamber and a detection chamber through wallboards, and a CO2 concentration quantitative control assembly capable of adjusting air into the required CO2 concentration is arranged in the concentration quantitative control chamber; the electrochemical CO2 sensor detects compressed air, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the head of the front end of the cigarette incense for calibration, the rechargeable lighter ignites the cigarette incense for calibration to generate CO2, and the steering engine drives the cutter to cut off the head of the front end of the cigarette incense for calibration; a CO2 concentration calibration value is obtained in the calibration stage, the CO2 concentration of the gas for self-inspection is obtained when self-inspection is executed, the CO2 concentration of the gas for self-inspection is compared with the CO2 concentration calibration value, and whether a fault exists or not is judged; when the detection device works normally, the electrochemical CO2 sensor collects the CO2 concentration of the air to be detected; the CO2 diffusion rate and density are enhanced by using pressure so as to improve the response current of the electrochemical sensor and improve the detection sensitivity.

The utility model discloses a flue gas waste heat recovery system for a desulfurization slurry two-stage flash evaporation coupling absorption heat pump, and belongs to the technical field of coal-fired boiler waste heat heat supply. Flue gas deep waste heat recovery is carried out in a cascade flash evaporation and cascade heating mode, desulfurization slurry sequentially enters two stages of serial flash evaporation tanks to be subjected to pressure grading flash evaporation, and flash steam of a front flash evaporation tank enters a front heater to primarily preheat return water of a heat supply network; flash steam of the second-stage flash tank is fed into an absorption heat pump for second-stage waste heat recovery, the heat pump conducts second-stage heating on heat supply network return water subjected to primary preheating and supplies the heat supply network return water out, a large amount of non-condensable gas escaped from the flash steam in the condensation heat release process of a transverse evaporator of the absorption heat pump is discharged in a graded mode, firstly, the non-condensable gas is pumped out through a micro-differential-pressure vacuumizing device, and the non-condensable gas is pumped out through a micro-differential-pressure vacuumizing device; after being mixed with non-condensable gas of the front heater, the gas is discharged by the secondary vacuum pump, and the micro-differential-pressure vacuumizing device comprises one or more Roots compressors or negative-pressure ejectors. Compared with a conventional single-stage mode, the waste heat recovery amount of the system is doubled or above.

Sensor system (10) for air conditioning at least one display case (V) by means of at least one controlled circulation system (10; 10') for a gas mixture (L) located in the interior of the display case (V), in particular in a display case element (SK) of the display case (V), wherein the respective circulation system (10) has at least the following components: a filter device (12) with a humidity-regulating agent, and a circulation drive (P), wherein the components (12; P) are connected together with the interior of the display case (V) by means of gas-tight connecting elements to form at least one circuit (KL) in which the gas mixture (L) circulates in order to stabilize the humidity of the gas mixture (L) by means of the filter device (12) and to filter out impurities from the gas mixture (L); wherein the sensor system (11) comprises a plurality of sensors and is connected to a control device (13) for controlling the circulation system (10), in particular the circulation drive (P), in order to measure parameters to be controlled or monitored for the control device (13); characterized in that at least two sensors (111, 112) are integrated in the sensor system (11), which sensors are arranged at the same location on or in the interior of the display case (V) and record parameters relating to at least the humidity and the contamination of the gas mixture (L) as input signals for the control device (13) in order to control the circulation drive (P) depending on the recorded parameters.

A measuring arrangement (400) for characterizing a fuel gas mixture comprises a support structure (410) and components arranged thereon that can be exposed to the fuel gas mixture, namely: a micromechanical resonator (20; 120, 220) with gas-dependent vibration properties; and a thermal conductivity sensor (44; 144); an infrared measuring arrangement (440) with a thermal infrared radiation source (442), an infrared spectroscopic sensor arrangement (444), and an irradiated infrared measuring volume (446) between the thermal infrared radiation source (442) and the infrared spectroscopic sensor arrangement (444); a pressure sensor (430) arranged on the support structure (410) for detecting a static pressure of the fuel gas mixture; a temperature sensor (50; 150) configured to detect a temperature measurement value of the fuel gas mixture; and a measuring and operating circuit (600) for receiving signals from the components;and for determining at least one final measured value of a variable characterizing the energy content of the gas on the basis of the received signals, wherein the variable characterizing the energy content of the fuel gas mixture is selected from calorific value, heating value, upper Wobbe index of the fuel gas mixture and lower Wobbe index of the fuel gas mixture;

A method for determining the hydrogen concentration (CH2) in an anode (6) of at least one fuel cell (4) comprises: (A) repeatedly measuring the electric current (i) output by the at least one fuel cell (4) and providing a plurality of current measurement values (i(t)); (B) repeatedly measuring the hydrogen concentration (kH2) in a gas mixture (26, 28) which flows out of a purge valve (20) which is arranged at an outlet (9) of the at least one fuel cell (20), and providing a plurality of hydrogen concentration measurement values (kH2(t)); (C) calculating relative current measurement values (irel(t)) from the measured current measurement values (i(t)) and calculating relative hydrogen concentration measurement values (krel(t)) from the measured hydrogen concentration measurement values (kH2(t)); (D) determining scaled current measurement values (iscal(t)) by multiplying the relative current measurement values (irel(t)) by a current scaling factor (gi) and determining scaled hydrogen concentration measurement values (kscal(t)) by multiplying the relative hydrogen concentration measurement values (krel(t)) by a hydrogen concentration scaling factor (gH2); (E) forming difference values (diff(t)) from the scaled current measurement values (iscal(t)) and the scaled hydrogen concentration measurement values (kscal(t)); (F) integrating or summing the difference values (diff(t)) over time (t); and (G) adding a bias value (GH2) to the integral D(T) or to the sum D(T) of the difference values (diff(t)).