1463results about How to "Residue reduction" patented technology

The invention discloses a particle-typed composite fertilizer of humic acid and manufacturing method, which consists of dressing and karyosome, wherein the dressing contains nitrogen, phosphor and potassium. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: graining humic acid; cladding; graining; solidifying fused fertilizer on the particle of humic acid; making the composite fertilizer dissolved into water without falling; fitting for large scale of agricultural product.

The invention relates to a bacillus amyloliquefaciens growing in a disease-preventing and growth-promoting plant and application thereof, relating to bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the application thereof. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens TF28 growing in the disease-preventing and growth-promoting plant belongs to bacillus, has the storage number of CGMCC No.4038 and the storage data of July 26, 2010. The application of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens TF28 comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing activated bacilli liquid; (2) inoculating the activated bacilli liquid in an NYD culture fluid to obtain a strain fermentation solution; and (3) soaking seeds in a dilution solution 50 times of the strain fermentation solution. The strain TF28 in the invention can be colonized, reproduced and transmitted in plants, can simultaneously generate two antibacterial substances, i.e. antimicrobial proteins and lipopeptide antibiotic and has the multiple efficacy of preventing diseases, stimulating growth, increasing the yield, improving the quality, widening an antibacterial spectrum, and the like. Rice seeds treated by the dilution solution 50 times of the fermentation solution of the strain TF28 reach a room-temperature bakana resistance rate over 84.6 percent.

Intelligent disinfecting equipment is an ultralow-volume, intelligent and three-dimensional disinfecting device composed of a medicine applying device, a central control device, an external interaction device, a walking device, a power supply device and a rack. When 5-100 micrometers of ultramicro medicine particles containing effective disinfecting components are conveyed to a disinfecting environment through an airflow conveying device of the disinfecting device, the disinfecting operation process is completed under cooperation of the central control device containing a motion control module, a data module and a task management module, the external interaction device and the power supply device; preparation, analysis and comparison of whole disinfecting operation, environmental meteorological data acquiring and automatic collection, recording, storage and transmission of data of operation control and the operation process can be achieved through the Internet of Things and cloud computing in the disinfecting process; disinfection, management and monitoring are timely and are synchronized and integrated. The intelligent disinfecting equipment saves medicine, water and labor, and automation, standardization, formulation and menulizing of the disinfecting operation can be achieved.

The invention provides a biologically-fermented complete compound feed. In the complete compound feed, a protein feed and an energy feed are fermented respectively and are matched with a premix compound, or the protein feed and the energy feed are matched together to be fermented, and are matched with the premix compound, or the protein feed, the energy feed and the premix compound are matched together to be fermented, wherein the premix compound accounts for 2 to 6 percent of the total weight of the feed; and the fermentation is performed by adding feed-level microbes which are beneficial tothe survival or growth period of raised animals into the feed or adding feed-level enzymic preparations into the feed, wherein the fermentation rate is between 50 and 100 percent, and the fermented feed contains a large number of fermentation products and beneficial bacterial colonies. The complete compound feed has the advantages of high utilization rate of absorption, growth promotion, disease prevention, disease resistance and high cost performance and is easy to digest, and safe, so the feed industry and the cultivation industry have new development space.

The invention relates to organic-inorganic biological mineral composition composite synusiologic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof. The invention comprises the raw materials as follow in weight proportion: 20 to 30 parts of organic raw material, 30 to 60 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 10 to 20 parts of mineral composition raw material, and 1 to 5 parts of synusiologic mushroom. The invention has the advantages of promoting the absorption of crops, increasing the fertilizer absorption rate from primary 34 percent to more than 60 percent, decreasing the fertilizer residue, promoting the growth of the crops, improving the quality of the crops, ensuring the early development of the crops, the rich branching roots, the rich branches, the rich leaves, and early mature, and increasing the yield by 50 to 80 percent. Besides, the invention also has the advantages of restraining the development of pathogenic bacteria inside the soil, decreasing the disease and the harm to the crops, improving the structure of the soil, activating the nutrient of the soil and achieving the synusiologic planting.

The invention discloses a silicon wafer chemical and mechanical polishing composition with high stability, belonging to the technical field of polishing compositions for roughlly polishing a semiconductor silicon substrate material. The polishing composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5-50 percent of silicon dioxide abrasive particles, 0.01-10 percent of silicon-containing stabilizer, 0.01-20 percent of organic alkali corrosive, 0.01 -10 percent of organic acid chelating agent, 0.01-5.0 percent of other functional auxiliaries and the balance of deionized water. The polishing solution has a stabilization period of over 2 years, can perform repeated polishing or cyclic polishing, and has stable pH value and removal speed, wherein the number of cyclic polishing times can be up to 10. Meanwhile, the polishing composition has high silicon wafer removal rate up to over 1.0 mum/min, and the cyclic polishing removal rate in multiple times can be stable. The polishing solution is convenient to prepare and easy to use, has low cost, and is suitable for the rough polishing of silicon wafers of various types and sizes in the semiconductor industry.

The invention relates to a method for extracting high-quality soybean germ oil by using subcritical butane and relates to the field of grain fine and deep processing. The method comprises: cutting purified soybean germs into slices which are 0.3 to 0.4 millimeters thick; placing the slices in an extraction kettle; performing 1 to 5 times of countercurrent leaching of the cut soybean germs by using liquefied butane as a solvent, wherein the extraction time is 10 to 120 minutes, the material to liquid ratio is 1:(1-6), the extraction temperature is 10 to 90 DEG C, and the extraction pressure is0.2 to 0.1MPa; delivering extracted mixed oil and wet dregs into an evaporation system and desolventizing under reduced pressure; and subjecting the obtained soybean germ crude oil to normal winterization, alkali refining and decolorization processes to obtain a soybean germ oil product with high beta-sitosterol content. In the invention, the soybean germ oil is extracted by using subcritical butane, the manufacturing cost of equipment is reduced considerably, the operation cost is low, the production period is shorter, the yield is high, and the method represents a low-consumption and environment-friendly practical technique for producing soybean germ oil.

The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry yard disinfection, and particularly relates to a method for disinfecting a chicken farm. The method for disinfecting the chicken farm comprises the following steps of: chicken house disinfection, utensil disinfection, chicken farm disinfection and personnel disinfection. By adopting the method for disinfecting the chicken farm, the immunity of chickens is increased, good chickens are raised, and good economic benefit is gained; and the selected disinfectant has the advantages of broad disinfection spectrum, low effective concentration, quick response, no harm to people and animal and stable performance, is easily dissolved in water, is convenient to use and easy to popularize, and has little residue after use.

Methods of manufacturing a porous organic polysilica dielectric film are provided, such method using a combination of UV and thermal energy. These methods both cure the organic polysilica dielectric material and remove the porogen.

The invention belongs to the technical field of production of sodium copper chlorophyllin and in particular relates to a method for producing sodium copper chlorophyllin through supercritical purification. The method for producing sodium copper chlorophyllin through supercritical purification comprises the following steps: (1) saponifying; (2) washing; (3) copperizing; and (4) purifying, namely purifying copperized chlorophyll by adopting supercritical carbon dioxide; and (5) obtaining the finished product. According to the method, the copperized chlorophyll is purified by adopting a supercritical technology, the particularity of a molecular structure of chlorophyll derivatives is overcome, and the yield of the copperized chlorophyll is greatly improved, so that the process of producing the sodium copper chlorophyllin is efficient and friendly to the environment.

The invention provides an environmental protection type connection material resin for printing ink, belonging to printing ink technical field. In order to solve the problem that the surface adhesion of connection material of general polyurethane ink to substrate of low polarity such as polyethylene, polypropylene, the invention uses nonpolar groups with low surface tension and uniform electron cloud dispersion to substitute part of the strong polar groups. The ink formed by the connection material resin not only has good adhesion to polar group with higher surface tension such as PET, PA, but also has good adhesion to nonpolar treated or non treated group with lower surface tension such as PE, PP.

The invention discloses a stripping processing method of textile printing defective items, which implements stripping processing on printing defective items and particularly on dyeing defective items by using an active material which is generated by initiating and catalyzing an oxidant or a reducing agent under ultraviolet light and low temperature and has strong oxidability or reducibility as a stripping agent so as to be convenient for the rehandling or redyeing of textiles. Because of the adoption of various active materials which are generated by ultraviolet light initiation and optical catalysis as the stripping agent, the method can obtain an approving stripping effect under normal pressure and temperature, thereby avoiding the consumption of a large amount of energy sources in a traditional high-temperature stripping method and the use of a large amount of reducing agent, oxidant and the like. The stripping technology of the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, emission reduction, simple equipment and process and short procedures.

The invention discloses a sintering preparation method of boron carbide ceramic, which comprises the following steps: 1. sintering: carrying out mixing and ball milling on boron carbide powder, carbon powder, metal powder, a dispersant, an adhesive and deionized water to make a slurry, carrying out spray granulation, pressing into a biscuit, presintering for debonding, and carrying out thermal-insulation sintering at lower sintering temperature (slightly higher than the melting point of metal), thereby implementing primary shrinkage sintering of the product by utilizing the surface tension of the molten metal in the system; and 2. sintering: continuing enhancing the sintering temperature, carrying out in-situ reaction to generate metal carbide, metal boride or metal boro-carbide and nano B4C which have higher sintering activity, and forming a solid solution with boron carbide granules by using the metal carbide, metal boride or metal boro-carbide and nano B4C as sintering assistants to promote the further shrinkage sintering of the system, thereby obtaining the high-performance boron carbide ceramic. The method has the advantages of both the normal-pressure sintering technique and the reactive sintering technique.

The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for enhancing chicken immunity, a preparation method and a feed. The additive includes ingredients of, by weight, 30-90 parts of radix astragali, 30-90 parts of radix codonopsis, 30-90 parts of Chinese yam, 30-90 parts of poria cocos, 30-90 parts of coix seeds, 15-45 parts of fried lotus seed, 10-30 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 10-30 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10-30 parts of dried orange peel, 15-45 parts of epimedium, 30-90 parts of stir-baked medicated leaven, 30-90 parts of stir-baked malt, 10-30 parts of betel nut, 10-30 parts of rhizome of cyrtomium and 10-30 parts of licorice. According to a compatibility principle of traditional Chinese medicine and a modern pharmacological research, the invention uses amedicament comprised of natural Chinese herbal medicines as an additive to feed chickens, so as to enhance chicken immunity, reduce infectious diseases, pathogenic microorganisms and parasitic diseases; besides, the additive has no antibiotic residuals, so as to enhance chicken and egg quality.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an extrusion physical foaming polypropylene bead; the method is as follows: an injector port is arranged at the middle of a machine barrel of a screw extruder, a machine head is provided with a bushing type neck ring mold and a die surface chip cutter, polypropylene foaming material and addition agents are added into the screw extruder, alkane foaming agent is injected into the machine barrel from the injector port, the proportion by weight between the polypropylene foaming material and the alkane foaming agent is 10-25%, the pressure of the neck ring mold is controlled to be 5-30MPa, and the temperature of the neck ring mold is 110-150 DEG C, thus leading the cut material to generate foams when the material enters the atmosphere, and then the product is obtained after cooling and drying. The method of the invention has the advantages of continuous extrusion of the polypropylene foaming beads, low energy consumption, little environmental pollution due to the adoption of the alkane foaming agent, low residue of foaming agent in the foaming bead and high foaming rate.

The CMP polishing solution of the invention comprises (A) a metal corrosion inhibitor containing a compound with a 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine skeleton, (B) an abrasive grain having a positive zeta potential in the CMP polishing solution, (C) a metal oxide solubilizer and (D) an oxidizing agent. The polishing method of the invention comprises a first polishing step in which the conductive substance layer of a substrate comprising an interlayer insulating filth having an elevated section and a trench at the surface, a barrier layer formed following the surface of the interlayer insulating film and the conductive substance layer formed covering the barrier layer, is polished to expose the barrier layer located on the elevated section of the interlayer insulating film, and a second polishing step in which the barrier layer exposed in the first polishing step is polished using the CMP polishing solution to expose the elevated section of the interlayer insulating film.

The present invention relates to a tank for storing and withdrawing hydrogen by means of a reversible hydriding/dehydriding reaction, said tank consisting of a thermally insulated chamber that includes a plurality of elements (2) for storing hydrogen in the form of hydrides, each element having at least one surface for exchange with the gaseous hydrogen and at least one heat exchange surface, characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of heat storage elements (3) for preserving and releasing the heat that is associated with the reversible hydriding/dehydriding reaction.

The invention provides a peelable glue coating composition and a peelable glue coating as well as a preparation method and an application of the peelable glue coating. The peelable glue coating composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of an acrylate type oligomer, 8-20 parts of a dilutive monomer, 0.1-1.5 parts of a peeling force modifying agent, 2-12 parts of a triggering agent and 30-50 parts of an organic solvent. The peelable glue coating composition is relatively high in transparency and relatively high in light transmittance and relatively low in haze after film formation. Meanwhile, a coating formed by curing the peelable glue coating composition is relatively high in high temperature resistance and relatively high in peelability. By the high temperature resistance, the coating is good in adhesion property on the surface of a functional hardened layer, and the problems of air bubbles and warping can be effectively improved. By the peelability, the problem of glue layer residues caused during peeling of the coating can be reduced.

A device for applying a pesticide and a method for applying same, in which the pesticide is present in the form of a pesticide solution that can be atomized; the pesticide solution is atomized by ultrasonic oscillation; and providing a dynamic air flow to the atomized pesticide solution, so as to take the atomized pesticide solution away and to apply it in the environment where the application target is located. The pesticide particles applied by the device for applying a pesticide have a small particle size and a concentrated particle spectrum, which can be effectively absorbed by the target, and thus it is difficult to cause pesticide residues and waste. The rapid spread of a biologically active pesticide in a natural state can be achieved, so as to make the effective biological equivalent weight of the biologically active pesticide reach the maximum quantity in a relatively short period of time.

The invention discloses a method for efficiently transferring CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) graphene and acquiring atomically clean surfaces. The method comprises the following steps: spin-coating a layer of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) solution on the surface of a graphene/metal substrate, removing the metal substrate through corrosion of an (NH4)2S2O8 solution after being cured, cleaning graphene/PMMA, fishing out through a target substrate and then drying, then dissolving the PMMA layer through an organic acid solvent, and finally further removing the residual PMMA on the surface of the graphene through a high-temperature annealing manner, thus acquiring the atomically clean graphene surfaces. The graphene surface is large in area, complete in structure and little in defects and residual PMMA. According to the method, the residual PMMA is little, and the atomically clean surfaces can be more easily acquired. The graphene acquired through adopting the method is applicable to constructing electronic devices such as a field effect transistor, a light-emitting diode and a transparent electrode, and also can be used for theoretical research of surface interfaces.

The invention relates to a Chinese medicinal herb additive for preventing post-weaning diarrhea and a pig feed thereof of the technical field of medicaments. The additive comprises the following components in part by weight: 30 to 60 parts of pilose asiabell root, 20 to 40 parts of largehead atractylodes rhizome, 30 to 60 parts of Indian buead, 20 to 40 parts of white hyacinth bean, 30 to 60 parts of cinnamomvine, 20 to 40 parts of semen nelumbinis, 20 to 40 parts of Job stears, 10 to 30 parts of villous amomum fruit, 10 to 30 parts of costustoot, 20 to 40 parts of root of rehmannia, 20 to 40 parts of Chinese angelica, 20 to 40 parts of peony, 15 to 30 parts of Szechuan lovage rhizome, 30 to 90 parts of scorch-fried medicated leaven, 30 to 90 parts of scorch-fried malt, 30 to 60 parts of scorch-fried hawthorn fruit, 40 to 80 parts of dragon bone, 40 to 80 parts of oyster, 10 to 30 parts of platycladi seed, 10 to 30 parts of spiny jujube kernel, 10 to 30 parts of anemarrhena asphodeloides bunge, 20 to 40 parts of platycodon root, 20 to 40 parts of semen perillae acutae, 20 to 40 parts of white mulberry root-bark, 30 to 60 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 30 to 60 parts of tuber tuber fleeceflower root, 30 to 60 parts of epimedium Herb, 20 to 40 parts of gambir plant, and 6 to 18 parts of liquoric root; and the additive accounts for 1.5 weight percent of the pig feed. The Chinese medicinal herb additive preventing the post-weaning diarrhea improves resistance to pathogenic escherichia coli of pigs.

The invention provides a production method for a damp-proof full-eucalyptus laminated wood veneer. The artificial board is formed by high-temperature pressing and pasting of a base material and melamine impregnated paper, wherein the base material is formed by bonding a plurality of layers of eucalyptus veneers through adhesives. The production method comprises the steps of veneer sorting, gluing, cold pressing, hot pressing, stacking maintenance and pasting of the melamine impregnated paper. The production method is characterized in that three times of cold pressing and hot pressing and two times of thermostatic chamber standing maintenance and cooling maintenance processes are adopted, the cold pressing is performed at the room temperature and under the pressure of 0.8-1.0MPa, the hot pressing is performed under the pressure of 1.5-2.0MPa, the first hot pressing is performed at the temperature of 120-125DEG C, the second hot pressing is performed at the temperature of 115-120DEG C, and the third hot pressing is performed at the temperature of 125-130DEG C; the thermostatic chamber standing maintenance is performed at the temperature of 80-90DEG C for 4-6h; the cooling maintenance is cooled to the room temperature from the temperature of a thermostatic chamber through natural ventilation for 3-4h.

The invention discloses a natural plant oil based hydrophile low-resilience foam which is prepared from a composite and isocyanate, wherein the composite comprises the following components of 100 parts of pluronic polyols, 0-8 parts of cross-linking agent or chain extender, 0-3 parts of catalyst, 0-4 parts of foam stabilizing agent, 0.2-10 parts of foaming agent, 0-5 parts of interface activating agent and 60-100 parts of isocyanate index. A preparation method comprises the steps of: firstly, stirring uniformly the composite, and then adding the isocyanate according to the proportion; secondly, foaming in a die in a closed state to obtain molding foam, or freely foaming in a foaming tank; and cutting to obtain blocky foam after ageing. The regenerable natural plant oil polyalcohol is used in the invention and can be used in various isocyanate systems, and a metal catalyst can not be completely used, therefore, the environment is protected; and 100 parts of isocyanate index can be used, therefore, slow resilience effect and low residue are obtained. The low-resilience foam produced in the invention has the advantages of environment protection, high ventilation, better thermal diffusion and comfort and low temperature sensitivity.

The invention discloses a bloating processing method for eel. The method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: (1) seasoning and preservation: preparing a salt preserving liquid through edible salt and water, and placing the eel into the salt preserving liquid for seasoning and preservation after cleaning the eel raw material; (2) impregnation smoking: immersing the eel in a smoking liquid for smoking after cleaning the obtained eel through the step (1); (3) drying: drying the obtained eel through the step (2) in the air; (4) spray smoking: carrying out the spray smoking on the obtained eel through the step (3); and (5) cooling: cooling down the eel undergoing the spray smoking. The bloated eel has a good taste and a lower residual quantity of benzopyrene. In addition, the residual quantity of benzopyrene in the smoked eel is lower than 5mu g/k1g , which is lower than the allowable limit of benzopyrene in the smoked eel regulated by Chinese national standard GB7104-94 the Sanitary Standard for the Limited Quantity of Benzopyrene in Food. Therefore, the edibility safety of the smoked eel product is guaranteed.

Disclosed are antiperspirant stick compositions that exhibit substantially less visible residue (whitening) upon application to the skin or after drying and which exhibit improved aesthetics and superior cosmetic properties. The compositions include a non-liquid organic ester emollient with a melting point between about 25° C. and about 60° C. (preferably isostearyl behenate); and an inert polymeric material (preferably a low molecular weight polyethylene; in addition to (a) a volatile (for example, cyclomethicone), (b) a non-volatile liquid emollient; (c) a gelling agent (for example, stearyl alcohol and hydrogenated castor oil); (d) at least one active antiperspirant material (for example, particulate antiperspirant aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex salts); and (e) optionally other antiperspirant stick compatible materials.

The invention provides a method for preparing a fruit composite extract for fermented cigarettes, belongs to the technical field of tobacco and relates to a preparation method of a tobacco flavor. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) preparation of a culture medium, 2) inoculation, 3) fermentation and 4) separation to obtain the fruit composite extract for cigarettes. According to the invention, raisin and black brin rich in sugar are used as raw materials, and the fruit composite extract with fruit sweet aroma for fermented cigarette is produced through microorganism fermentation technology and has effects of enriching the cigarette aroma, increasing sweet aroma, moderating smoke, increasing return sweet feeling in mouth cavity, improving mouth feel and reducing residue. The method provided by the invention produces the tobacco flavor by the microorganism fermentation technology, and can obtain a way of economically and efficiently producing the natural tobacco flavor in an oriented manner.

Belonging to the technical field of spinning assistants, the invention relates to a nylon 6 short fiber spinning oil agent, a preparation method and application thereof. The nylon 6 short fiber spinning oil agent is composed of, by mass percentage, 15-60% of a smoothing agent, 10-45% of a balance agent, 10-30% of a bundle collecting agent, 0.5-25% of an antistatic agent, 0.5-20% of a regulation stabilizer, and 0-21.5% of other components. The spinning oil agent can be applied to fore-spinning and after-spinning of nylon 6 short fiber, and has the advantages of uniform oil application, excellent spinnability, good heat resistance, low tarring degree, and good tow properties, etc.

The invention discloses a fresh keeping method for plum fruit, comprising the following steps: (1) immersing plum fruit in chitosan solution with a concentration ranging from 0.1g/100ml to 3.0 g/100ml at room temperature; (2) refrigerating the plum fruit immersed in step (1); (3) when entering into shelf life, keeping refrigerated plum fruit in an enclosed device, which contains 1-methyl cyclopropene gas with a concentration ranging from 0.5 mul/L to 5.0 mul/L, for 12-24 hours at room temperature; wherein, the concentration of 1-methyl cyclopropene gas is preferably in the range of from 1.0 mul/L to 2.0 mul/L. The fresh keeping method for plum fruit of the present invention has the advantages of high food health safety, simple application, easy spread, little investment but quick result, low price, broad market, notable economic and social profit etc, which is suitable for China and has great development and application value.

From a viewpoint of reduction in an out of spec product after surface crosslinking, particularly, when an alkylene carbonate compound is used as a surface crosslinking agent, influence by an air temperature is great, and it is necessary to reduce ethylene glycol which is produced as a byproduct, and there is provided a process for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin powder, comprising

• • a step of polymerizing an aqueous acrylic acid (salt)-based monomer solution,
  • a step of drying the resulting polymer,
  • an optional grinding•classifying step, and
  • a surface crosslinking step,
  • wherein in the surface crosslinking step,
  • (1) a surface crosslinking agent containing an alkylene carbonate compound and a polyhydric alcohol compound is mixed into a water absorbent resin powder, the mixture is heat-reacted and, further, simultaneously with, or separately from the mixing, an ion reactive surface crosslinking agent is mixed, and/or
  • (2) mixing treatment of mixing a surface crosslinking agent solution into a water absorbent resin powder containing at least one or more kinds of ion reactive surface crosslinking agents is performed two or more times.

The invention discloses a broiler feed. The broiler feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 28 to 45 percent of corn, 20 to 30 percent of wheat, 15 to 20 percent of bean pulp, 5 to 10 percent of distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), 5 to 10 percent of gleditsia horrida powder, 1 to 2 percent of fish meal, 2 to 3 percent of vegetable oil, 1.4 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.4 percent of limestone powder, 0.4 percent of salt, 1 percent of premix material and 1 percent of Chinese herbal medicine additive, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive is made by grinding the following raw materials in part by weight: 20 to 30 parts of astragalus, 20 to 30 parts of Chinese dates, 3 to 8 parts of hawkthorn, 3 to 8 parts of tuckahoe and 0.4 to 0.6 part of medlar. By using the broiler feed to feed broilers, the aims of lowering feed cost and guaranteeing chicken safety are achieved.