The invention provides a board double-end cutting and edge aligning device. The board double-end cutting and edge aligning device is simple in structure, manual pushing is replaced, a board can be conveniently fixed and positioned, the two ends of a board are subject to cutting and edge aligning at the same time, and cut edge alignment is ensured. The board double-end cutting and edge aligning device comprises two bases arranged on a base seat, sliding blocks are arranged at the bottom of one base, sliding rails matched with the sliding blocks are arranged on the base seat, and each base comprises a mounting box; a bottom plate is arranged on each mounting box, and a discharging mechanism parallel to the cutting direction is arranged on each bottom plate; a saw blade driven by a motor, an air cylinder for lifting the saw blade and a positioning air cylinder connected with a positioning block are arranged in each mounting box; a saw groove allowing each saw blade to pass through and a positioning hole allowing each positioning block to pass through are formed in each bottom plate; a limiting plate is arranged at the position, parallel to each saw groove, of the outer side of each saw groove, and a compressing mechanism is further arranged at the position, corresponding to the outer side of each limiting plate, of each bottom plate, and a pushing mechanism is further arranged at the rear end of each bottom plate; a rear sliding plate is arranged at the position, corresponding to the rear side of each saw groove, of each base, and the rear end of each rear sliding plate inclines downwards; and a receiving box is arranged on the rear side of each base.