The invention discloses an air suction type medlar picking machine, which comprises a rack, and a collection device, a power device and a storage device which are mounted on the rack, and is characterized in that the collection device comprises a suction head, a suction hose, an air outlet hose and a suction hose connector, wherein the suction head is provided with a compound body formed by connecting a cylinder body and a frustum body; two holes are arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder body part of the suction head, one hole is a center hole, and the other hole is a side hole; a cylinder-shaped groove is arranged in the periphery of the center hole and is communicated with the side hole; a frustum-shaped through-hole is arranged in the axial direction of the frustum body part and is communicated with the center hole; a frustum-shaped groove is arranged in the periphery of the frustum-shaped through-hole and is matched and communicated with the cylinder-shaped groove; the center hole is matched and connected with the suction hose; the side hole is externally matched and connected with the air outlet hose; and the power device comprises an air amplifier, an air outlet connection hose, an air cylinder, an air pump, a safety valve, an air inlet connection hose, a storage battery and an amplifier connector.