906results about "Combustion using gaseous and pulverulent fuel" patented technology

A process is provided for combusting a low heating value fuel gas in a combustor to drive an associated gas turbine. A low heating value fuel gas feed is divided into a burner portion and a combustion chamber portion. The combustion chamber portion and a combustion air are conveyed into a mixing zone of the combustor to form an air/fuel mixture. The burner portion is conveyed into a flame zone of the combustor through a burner nozzle while a first portion of the air/fuel mixture is conveyed into the flame zone through a burner port adjacent to the burner nozzle. The burner portion and first portion of the air/fuel mixture are contacted in the flame zone to combust the portions and produce flame zone products. The flame zone products are conveyed into an oxidation zone of the combustor downstream of the flame zone while a second portion of the air/fuel mixture is also conveyed into the oxidation zone. The second portion is combusted in the oxidation zone in the presence of the flame zone products to produce combustion products. The combustion products are conveyed into the associated gas turbine and drive the gas turbine.

A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets-, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases. The burner assembly affords improved control over flame size and shape and may be adjusted for use with a particular furnace as required.

A lean premixed, radial inflow, multi-annular staged nozzle for creating three independent combustion zones within a can-annular, dual-fuel gas turbine combustor is provided. The nozzle includes a pilot zone fueled by a gas pilot nozzle and center cartridge; a flame holder zone fueled by an inner main gas fuel; a main flame zone fueled by an outer main gas fuel; a main radial swirler for mixing a portion of incoming air to the nozzle with the inner main gas fuel supply and the outer main gas fuel supply; an endcover; and means for controlling the ratio of an inner main gas fuel supplied and an outer main gas fuel supplied.

A structure is disclosed that will quench a flame front during a flashback event in a gas turbine while simultaneously providing a mixing function during normal operations. The device disclosed consists of two monoliths one upstream of the other. In the basic embodiment of the invention the downstream monolith acts as a mixer while the combination of the upstream monolith and the downstream monolith act as the flashback arrestor. Other embodiments of the device also allow the downstream monolith to be a flameholder.

Burner firing method and device are presented where an oxidizing oxygen-fuel burner is fired at an angle to the reducing air-fuel burner flame to reduce overall NOx emissions from high temperature furnaces. The oxidizing oxy-fuel burner stoichiometric equivalence ratio (oxygen/fuel) is maintained in the range of about 1.5 to about 12.5. The reducing air-fuel burner is fired at an equivalence ratio of 0.6 to 1.00 to reduce the availability of oxygen in the flame and reducing NOx emissions. The oxidizing flame from the oxy-fuel burner is oriented such that the oxidizing flame gas stream intersects the reducing air-fuel flame gas stream at or near the tail section of the air-fuel flame. The inventive methods improve furnace temperature control and thermal efficiency by eliminating some nitrogen and provide an effective burnout of CO and other hydrocarbons using the higher mixing ability of the oxidizing flame combustion products. The simultaneous air-fuel and oxy-fuel burner firing can reduce NOx emissions anywhere from 30% to 70% depending on the air-fuel burner stoichiometric ratio.

An apparatus and method for using staged air combustion. The apparatus includes a burner body (10) secured to a port block (42), and a fuel passageway (12) extending through the burner body (10), terminating in a fuel nozzle (22), which injects fuel into the burner throat (40). Primary air jets (20) are configured to inject primary air into a primary combustion region (24), which is normally in the burner throat (40). A dish with a dish surface (28) is connected to the burner throat (40); the dish surface (28) extending in a divergent angle with respect to a burner centerline (35). Secondary air jets (34) are connected to the air passageway (14) and extend through the port block (42). The secondary air jets (34) inject secondary air into a secondary combustion region (38), which may be at the dish surface (28) or the hot face (30) of the burner.

A nozzle comprising a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face. Each slot has a slot axis and the slot axis of at least one of the slots is not parallel to the inlet flow axis of the nozzle body. In another embodiment, the nozzle comprises a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face, each slot having a slot axis, wherein none of the slots intersect other slots and all of the slots are in fluid flow communication with a common fluid supply conduit. The nozzles may be used to inject secondary fuel in a burner system having a central burner combusting a primary fuel surrounded by secondary fuel injection nozzles.

PCT No. PCT/JP95/01916 Sec. 371 Date May 23, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date May 23, 1996 PCT Filed Sep. 22, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/09496 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 28, 1996With respect to a radiant tube burner to be used for heating a heating furnace or the like, to suppress the generation of NOx accompanying combustion, to make the structure thereof fit for a radiant tube burner equipment, to simplify the control of a fuel supply system and an air supply system, and to prevent the coking. Furthermore, to provide a combustion control scheme appropriate to a radiant tube burner. For these purposes, the present invention placed the respective tips of a fuel nozzle, e.g., pilot burner joint-use nozzle (11), and an air throat (13) in the end of a radiant tube (3) and moreover has a combustion air injection port (33) of the air throat (13) provided to be deviated in contact with or near to the inner circumferential wall surface of the radiant tube (3). In addition, a control device (307) for making a burner burn alternately.

The disclosure relates to a burner for a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, with an injection device for the introduction of at least one gaseous and/or liquid fuel into the burner, wherein the injection device has at least one body which is arranged in the burner with at least one nozzle for introducing the at least one fuel into the burner, the at least one body being configured as a streamlined body which has a streamlined cross-sectional profile and which extends with a longitudinal direction perpendicularly or at an inclination to a main flow direction prevailing in the burner. The at least one nozzle has its outlet orifice at or in a trailing edge of the streamlined body, and with reference to a central plane of the streamlined body, the trailing edge is provided with at least two lobes extending in opposite transverse directions.

Prilled wax particles are formed from a vegetable wax-based composition. After compression, a predominantly paraffin wax-based composition is optionally poured over the vegetable wax-based composition to form an encased candle. The method of the present invention offers the possibility to incorporate a high fragrance load to the candle.

The burner preferably exclusively burns substantially explosible solid fuels and preferably has instant ON-OFF thermostat control, wastes no energy preheating the enclosure or external air supply, achieves stable combustion the moment the powder-air mix is ignited in our burner, is used in the upward vertical mode except for oil burner retrofits, burns a solid fuel in a single-phase regime as if it were a vaporized liquid or gas, is designed to complete combustion within the burner housing itself rather than in a large, high temperature furnace enclosure which it feeds, has an ultra-short residence time requirement, is a recycle consuming burner with self-contained management of initially unburned particles, is much smaller, simpler and lower cost, has a wider dynamic range/turndown ratio, is more efficient in combustion completeness and thermal efficiency, and operates with air-fuel mix approximately at the flame speed.

Premix furnace for heating an occupied space while producing lower NOx emissions and methods of mixing air and fuel delivered to a premix burner and of improving combustion stability. A mixing device may be located within an inlet tube, may have a flat surface that is perpendicular to the direction of fuel flow, or may have two surfaces held at substantially opposite angles to induce swirl. A mixing device may be attached to the fuel injector, may be made from a piece of sheet metal, and may have bends and a hole for attachment to the fuel injector. A fluidic diode in the inlet tube may improve combustion stability and may include a hollow frustum or a frustoconical portion, a cylinder concentric with the inlet tube, or a combination thereof. Some embodiments include refractory insulation lining the combustion chamber or may adjust for elevation or fuel characteristics.

Methods and apparatus for pollution control which are well suited for use in a coal power plant are described. Ash is collected and injected into the flue gas stream at a location upstream of a cooling module. The ash acts as an absorbent and/or reactant material onto which condensate may condense. By re-introducing ash to keep the condensation forming wet areas within the system, lower cost materials which are less corrosion resistant than needed for wet operating conditions can be used. Mercury recovery and SO3 removal is facilitated by the cooling process and re-introduction of collected ash. Activated carbon and/or an alkali absorbent material may be added. Use of a dry ESP and/or fabric filter as opposed to a wet ESP for particulate collection leads to cost benefits. Energy recovered by the cooling of the flue gas may be re-used to heat turbine condensate leading to improved energy efficiency.

A combustion apparatus is described having a generally elongated combustion container with a longitudinal axis, a proximal end, an exhaust end spaced axially forward from the proximal end, a proximal end wall, an exhaust end wall, and an all-around sidewall extending between the end walls and about the longitudinal axis. The end walls and sidewall substantially define a combustion chamber. The apparatus also includes a combustion chamber exhaust positioned on the exhaust end, a fuel-air delivery system positioned to direct fuel into the combustion chamber, and an air inlet located generally tangentially on the sidewall to direct air flow generally tangentially into the chamber and induce swirl about the longitudinal axis.

A burner has a central port and 3 or more outer ports whose axes are angled toward or away from the central port axis. Sequentially varying the outer port(s) from which material is injected at a high enough momentum to deflect the flame from the axis of the central port changes the orientation of the flame with respect to the central port axis.

An organically complexed nanocatalyst composition is applied to or mixed with coal prior to or upon introducing the coal into a coal burner in order to catalyze the removal of coal nitrogen from the coal and its conversion into nitrogen gas prior to combustion of the coal. This leads to reduced NOx production during coal combustion. The nanocatalyst compositions include a nanoparticle catalyst that is made using a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent includes at least one functional group such as a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, a carbonyl, an amine, an amide, a nitrile, a nitrogen having a free lone pair of electrons, an amino acid, a thiol, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonyl halide, and an. acyl halide. The dispersing agent forms stable, dispersed, nano-sized catalyst particles. The catalyst composition can be formed as a stable suspension to facilitate storage, transportation and application of the catalyst nanoparticles to a coal material. The catalyst composition can be applied before or after pulverizing the coal material or it may be injected directly into the coal burner together with pulverized coal.

An oxygen-fuel combustion system combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The system distributes oxygen to a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel at various sites before and after ignition. The system is operable to vary the concentration of oxygen in an oxygen-fuel mixture extant at those sites.

A fuel injection nozzle has a cylindrical nozzle body having a cavity where fuel passes through. A plurality of hollow spokes, each having an aerofoil cross section, are provided around the nozzle body. Each hollow spoke has four fuel injection holes in total on both side surfaces, i.e., two fuel injection holes on each side surface, to inject the fuel, with a distance from the surface of the nozzle body. The inside of each hollow spoke is hollow. The hollow spoke injects the fuel sent to the hollow nozzle body, from the fuel injection holes through the inside of the hollow spoke.

The invention belongs to the technical field of a coal burning boiler and particularly relates to a biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification combination coal burning boiler and a low-pollution combustion method thereof. Flue gas serving as a gasification agent enters a gasification furnace; a biomass to be gasified in a biomass bin also enters the gasification furnace; gasified biomass fuel gas enters a fuel gas purification chamber to be subjected to primary purification to remove H2S, HCl and oil tar impurities; after a pressure head of the purified biomass fuel gas is improved by a booster fan, the purified biomass fuel gas enters a fuel gas storage tank and then enters a hearth of the coal burning boiler by a fuel gas nozzle to be burnt; the content of the biomass in the total glue gas is in the range of 0 to 30 percent and the whole system can still operate stably. The use of the biomass effectively reduces discharge of CO2 and SO2. The high-temperature flue gas is used as a heat source to gasify the biomass so as to reduce the content of the oil tar in the biomass fuel gas. The generated biomass fuel gas has high CO2 concentration. The reducing effect of the fuel gas on NOX is far superior to that of the biomass solid on NOX. The NOX concentration is effectively reduced.

A fuel flexible furnace, including a main combustion zone, a reburn zone downstream from the main combustion zone, and a delivery system operably coupled to supplies of biomass and coal and configured to deliver the biomass and the coal as ingredients of first and reburn fuels to the main combustion zone and the reburn zone, with each fuel including flexible quantities of the biomass and/or the coal. The flexible quantities are variable with the furnace in an operating condition.

Methods for optimizing emission levels from combustion operations, which include a system and process for optimizing levels of NOx and CO during fuel combustion including supplying flows of fuel (which is predetermined) and main oxidant to a burner. Oscillating combustion is generated by oscillating the fuel flow with an oscillating valve and combusting the oscillating fuel with the main oxidant adjacent the burner to produce combustion products. A post-combustion oxidant is injected into the combustion products where it is combusted with the combustion products. A controller is operatively associated with control units for controlling the main oxidant and post-combustion oxidant flow rates and the oscillating valve.

An apparatus and method for operating a pilot burner apparatus and a main burner apparatus of a gas-fired appliance. The pilot burner apparatus draws combustion air from a first environment. The main combustion apparatus draws air from a second environment. In a shutdown condition, such as when a flammable vapor source is accidentally exposed to the second environment, the pilot burner apparatus draws air containing an undesired flammable vapor which eliminates the pilot flame, triggering a gas valve to close and shut down the fuel gas supply to the main burner apparatus and the pilot burner apparatus.

A method and an apparatus for optimizing the combustion air system in a power boiler or chemical recovery boiler by improving fluid flow and gas mixing are disclosed, whereby one can increase boiler capacity and combustion uniformity and reduce particulate and gaseous emissions. The method involves interlacing of the secondary and, where applicable, the tertiary air supply through opposing air ports on all four walls of the boiler, and is implemented by alternately opening wide or partially closing a port damper on one side, while partially closing or opening wide a port damper on the opposite side, such that a 70-100% open damper on one side opposes a partially closed (10-40% open) damper on the other and vice versa in an alternating fashion, along opposing walls. In a preferred embodiment, the optimization is further enhanced by balancing primary air flow, achieved by adjusting port dampers and windbox pressures so that the primary air flow is evenly distributed between opposite walls, between all four walls of the boiler and between individual airports on each wall. Windbox pressure and other key measurements of boiler operation ensure proper balancing and an adequate interlacing of air flows at the primary, secondary and tertiary elevations, respectively.

The present invention provides an alternate changeover regenerative burner system suitable for use as a heat source for an industrial furnace and the like where re-increase in temperature is relatively-often carried out; an alternate changeover regenerative burner constituted by a burner 2 having a regenerator 7 and air supply/exhaust switching mechanisms 12 and 13 for switching connection with an air supply system 17 and an exhaust system 16 of the burner 2 is regarded as a module unit; and three or more units of the alternate changeover regenerative burner constitute a combustion system 1; a ratio of the number of the burners 2 performing combustion and the number of the burners 2 being stopped is variable; and combustion is controlled in such a manner that all the units sequentially repeat alternate regenerative combustion with the units forming no fixed pairs. According to the present invention, a flow velocity of air injected from a burner throat can be variable irrespective of a quantity of combustion; the flow velocity of air emitted from the burner throat can be maintained high even if the operation is carried out with a quantity of combustion lower than the burner capacity; and a non-stationary flame can be formed in a wider range.

The invention discloses a method for calculating thermal efficiency of a coal dust and blast furnace gas co-combustion boiler. The method is designed against the problem that in configuration in the prior art, boilers of storage type coal pulverizing systems cannot accurately obtain the boiler inlet coal quantity under the corresponding working conditions when the thermal efficiency of the boilers is calculated. The method for calculating the thermal efficiency comprises the steps of collection and measurement of relevant parameters, fire coal combustion calculation, gas combustion calculation, boiler inlet quantity calculation, boiler inlet coal quantity calculation, input heat calculation, calculation of various heat losses and thermal efficiency calculation of the boiler. According to the method, the thermal efficiency calculation of the boiler is performed by accurately calculating the boiler inlet coal quantity, main adverse factors influencing the boiler thermal efficiency are found out by analyzing boiler thermal efficiency calculation results, guidance is provided for modification and optimized running of the boiler, and the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction is achieved.

A feed nozzle assembly suitable for use in synthesis and combustion reactions involving gas/liquid reaction systems comprises a plurality of nozzles positioned such that their sprays impinge upon one another to obtain improved, or maintain acceptable, drop size, measured as Sauter mean diameter, by suitably balancing impact destruction and coalescence of drops. This feed nozzle assembly can be incorporated into a burner apparatus combining annular areas with stepped extended barriers for feeding oxygen and moderator gas, e.g., steam, all preferably within an exterior annular cooling means such as a water jacket.

A solid fuel burner using a low oxygen concentration gas as a transporting gas of a low grade solid fuel such as brown coal or the like and a combustion method using the solid fuel burner are provided. The solid fuel burner comprises a means for accelerating ignition of the fuel and a means for preventing slugging caused by combustion ash from occurring. Mixing of fuel and air inside a fuel nozzle 11 is accelerated by that an additional air nozzle 12 and a separator 35 for separating a flow passage are arranged in the fuel nozzle 11, and the exit of the additional air nozzle 12 is set at a position so as to overlap with the separator 35 when seeing from a direction perpendicular to a burner axis, and additional air is ejected in a direction nearly perpendicular to a flow direction of a fuel jet flowing through the fuel nozzle 11. An amount of air from the additional air nozzle 12 is varied corresponding to a combustion load. By increasing the amount of air from the additional air nozzle 12 at a low load operation, an oxygen concentration of a circulation flow 19 formed in a downstream portion outside the exit of the fuel nozzle 11 is increased to stably burn the fuel. By decreasing the amount of air from the additional air nozzle 12 at a high load operation, a flame is formed at a position distant from the fuel nozzle 11 to suppress radiant heat received by structures of the solid fuel burner and walls of the furnace.

A radiant heater including a burner having an inlet for receiving an air and gas mixture and an exhaust for emitting exhaust gases generated by combustion of the air and gas mixture within the burner, an elongated radiant heating tube having an inlet for receiving the exhaust gases emitted by the burner, a gas flow control assembly for controlling the flow of gas to the burner, and a blower for controlling the flow of air to the burner. The blower comprises a two-stage blower including a motor having a low winding corresponding to a low blower speed and a high winding corresponding to a high blower speed. The gas flow control assembly comprises a two-stage regulator or two stage two-stage valve having a low setting for delivering a low gas flow to the burner and a high setting for delivering a high gas flow to the burner.

The invention provides a multi-point combustion long-flame gas burner with ultralow nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission. The gas burner mainly comprises a muffling cover (1), an air flue (2), an air-adjusting baffle plate (3), an air box (4), a primary burner (5), a secondary burner (6), a burner block (7) and a pilot burner (8) and is characterized in that: the primary burner (5) is arranged in an air flow passage (9) of the burner block (7) and is a pre-mixing burner which adopts flue gas recirculation technology so as to further reduce NOx emission; and the secondary burner (6) is also arranged, is a diffusion burner and consists of a secondary fuel air inlet pipe (17) and a secondary fuel nozzle (18). The gas burner adopts staged fuel combustion technology, flue gas recirculation technology and multi-point dispersion combustion technology so as to lower fuel combustion temperature, facilitate uniform distribution of a heat field in a cracking furnace, realize high-power combustion and the ultralow NOx emission and is particularly suitable to be taken as a bottom burner in the cracking furnace.

A flare apparatus for discharging and burning flare gas in the atmosphere is provided. The flare tip includes a flare gas conduit having a flare gas discharge opening and a combustion air conduit having a combustion air discharge opening. All of the flare gas to be flared is discharged through the flare gas discharge opening into a unified column of air discharged through the combustion air discharge opening. The flare gas discharge opening and the combustion air discharge opening are positioned with respect to one another such that flare gas discharged from the flare gas discharge opening is discharged inwardly into combustion air that is discharged from the combustion air discharge opening and admixed therewith. Essentially all of the discharged flare gas is admixed with discharged combustion air or external atmospheric air outside of the flare apparatus thereby preventing internal burning. A method of flaring a mixture of flare gas and combustion air is also provided.