3778 results about "Pollutant emissions" patented technology

An automobile catalytic converter that utilizes the energy of the exothermic reactions that take place in the catalysis substrate to produce electrical energy with a thermoelectric generator. On vehicle cold start, the thermoelectric generator is used as a heat pump to heat the catalyst substrate to reduce the time to catalyst light-off. In this way, the catalytic converter comes up to operating temperature more rapidly, reducing the amount of pollutant emissions at vehicle start-up.

Sorbents for removal of mercury and other pollutants from gas streams, such as a flue gas stream from coal-fired utility plants, and methods for their manufacture and use are disclosed. The methods include mixing sorbent substrate particles with a sulfide salt and a metal salt to form a metal sulfide on the outer surface of the sorbent particles.

A cyclone contaminant collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner may include a cyclone unit disposed at a cleaner body so that a longitudinal center axis thereof is parallel to a first sidewall of the cleaner body, the cyclone unit having a contaminant-discharging opening formed at an upper portion of a side surface thereof; and a contaminant receptacle disposed at a side of the cyclone unit to be attached to or detached from the cleaner body, the contaminant receptacle having a top wall at which a contaminant-entering opening is formed corresponding to the contaminant-discharging opening of the cyclone unit.

A dust collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner including a cyclone body provided with a cyclone chamber and a contaminant collecting chamber formed therein, a cyclone case provided in the cyclone body having the cyclone chamber and the contaminant collecting chamber separated from each other; an air inflow tube penetrating an outer wall of the cyclone body such that a suction passage at an outside of the cyclone body is fluidly communicated with a lower end of the cyclone chamber; and an air outlet tube penetrating sequentially a bottom of the cyclone case and a bottom the cyclone body to guide the air discharged from the cyclone chamber to a discharge passage placed at an outside of the cyclone body, wherein the contaminant collecting chamber is connected to the cyclone chamber through a contaminant discharge port formed at a side surface of upper end of the cyclone chamber.

The invention discloses recovery process of honeycomb type selective catalytic reduction (SCR) waste catalyst. The process includes the following steps: a, preprocessing the SCR waste catalyst and leaching at the high temperature and under high pressure; b, adding hydrochloric acid into leaching liquid, adjusting pH, and removing impurities; c, adding hydrochloric acid into the leaching liquid, reacting, calcining and preparing rutile titanium dioxide; d, preparing ammonium paratungstate; e, preparing ammonium metavanadate; and f, recycling and treating waste water. Main products of ammonium paratungstate, ammonium metavanadate and rutile titanium dioxide obtained in the process are high in purity and recovery rate. By-products of silicon magnesium slags, salty mud, high-concentration sodium chloride liquid and barium sulfate dregs are high-purity harmless useful goods. The process is free of harmful secondary pollutant emission, environment-friendly and capable of circulating, has high economical and social benefit and is practicable.

The present invention relates to a multi-cyclone contaminants collector having a plurality of contaminants chambers corresponding to a plurality of cyclones. The multi-cyclone contaminants collector includes at least one first cyclone drawing outside air so as to separate contaminants; at least one second cyclone separating fine contaminants from air discharged from the at least one first cyclone, the at least one second cyclone having a contaminants discharging opening for discharging the separated fine contaminants; and a dust cap disposed at the contaminants discharging opening, the dust cap preventing discharged fine contaminants from entering the second cyclone.

The invention relates to a method for recovering tungsten trioxide and ammonium metavanadate from a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration catalyst. The method comprises the following steps of: crushing the SCR denitration catalyst, sieving to obtain catalyst powder, mixing with sodium carbonate, and stirring fully and uniformly; putting the mixed powder into a sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered material; keeping temperature for 1 hour, and sieving to obtain sintered material powder; pouring warm water, so that Na2WO4 and NaVO3 in the sintered material powder are dissolved fully, filtering, and removing precipitates to obtain a mixed solution of Na2WO4 and NaVO3; regulating the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, adding an ammonium bicarbonate solution or an ammonium chloride solution, and precipitating ammonium metavanadate precipitate; filtering, washing by using a diluted ammonium bicarbonate solution for 2 to 3 times, washing by using 30 percent ethanol for 1 to 2 times, and drying to obtain an ammonium metavanadate finished product; and converting the Na2WO4 in the residual solution into ammonium paratungstate, evaporating the residual solution to obtain ammonium paratungstate crystals, and calcining to obtain the tungsten trioxide. By the method, the ammonium metavanadate and the tungsten trioxide can be recovered, and the discharge of pollutants is reduced.

The invention relates to an equal-micron energy source and a manufacturing method thereof, relating to the energy technical field. The equal-micron energy source comprises a collector anode, a cathode and equal-micron collecting layers; wherein, a through-hole is arranged on the collector cathode, and the equal-micron collecting layer is respectively coated on two side surfaces of the collector cathode, and the collector anode is respectively coated onto the outer surfaces of two equal-micron assembling layers. A cathode lead contact piece of the collector cathode is fixedly connected with an energy cathode through an extension line, and any end of one side of the collector anode is fixedly connected with an energy anode through the extension line, and two ends of the other side of the collector anode are electrically connected through leads. The equal-micron energy unit has voltage from 1.35 V to 1.75 V and can be arranged into power supplies of various power requirements through connection in series or in parallel. The invention has simple manufacturing process, can convert the received equal-micron from space into current and can be regarded as a clean energy source without any pollution emission.

A method for controlling the drive unit of a vehicle in which an extended overrun mode having reduced fuel consumption and reduced pollutant emission is possible. A free-wheel mode in which the vehicle operates with the clutch disengaged is set as a function of a driving situation or an operating state of the drive unit. An output variable of the drive unit, such as torque or vehicle speed, is set to a constant value during the transition between an engaged-clutch travel mode and a free-wheel mode.

The invention discloses a combined cold heat and power supply microgrid multi-objective dynamic optimal operation method; characteristics of translatable electrical load are firstly considered in an optimization process, then schedulability of source side and energy storage system are considered, contribution in each period in three kinds of controllable units serves as optimization variables, minimum system operation cost and minimum pollutant emission control expense serve as optimal operation targets, and a mathematical model of current multi-objective optimal operation problem is established; an excellent particles leading multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization problem, that is, a single objective genetic algorithm is utilized to respectively find two points including minimum system operation cost and minimum pollutant emission control expense, and the two points serving as excellent particles is utilized to lead an optimal direction of the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm; the invention provides an effective multi-objective dynamic optimal operation method, and the method is significant for improving energy source comprehensive utilization efficiency of a multiple energy coupled system and promoting renewable energy source development.

The invention aims at providing a start-up control method suitable for a hybrid vehicle among which a drive motor and an engine are of coaxial parallel type; the start-up control method for the hybrid vehicle uses different start-up ways under different conditions; under a permitting condition, the drive motor is preferably used for driving the engine to start up; the start-up control method has the advantages of short start-up time, high start-up rotation speed, smooth start-up process and less pollution emission, can also avoid the damage to the battery, the drive motor, and the like, can improve the start-up performance and achieve the optimization of the whole vehicle performance.

The invention discloses a reutilization treatment method of kitchen waste, belonging to the technical field of rubbish treatment; the kitchen waste is treated by such procedures as pre-sorting, hydraulic pulping, anaerobic fermentation, organic fertilizer preparation by residues and oil-water separation, and the like, so that the grease in the kitchen waste is recycled, the organic matters are prepared to marsh gas by hydrolytic acidification and anaerobic fermentation, and the marsh gas is purified to be used as fuel, power generation or automobile fuel gas; in the whole treatment process, the liquid part in the kitchen waste except the removed grease is used for pulping in a pulp homogenizing system, all pulp participate in the anaerobic fermentation process, and the fermented biogas slurry is after-treated to prepare nutrient solution so as to realize the recycle of resources and zero release of pollutants; the treatment process is completely sealed, and the collected off-flavor is collected and treated by a deodorization system to be exhausted after reaching to the discharge standard. The method of the invention has the advantages of maximally recycling the resources, recycling the kitchen waste, guaranteeing non-pollutant discharge during the whole treatment process, and realizing the efficiency, reclamation and harmlessness of kitchen waste treatment.

A controller for directing operation of an air pollution control system performing a process to control emissions of a pollutant has multiple process parameters (MPPs). One or more of the MPPs is a controllable process parameter (CTPP) and one of the MPPs is an amount of the pollutant (AOP) emitted by the system. A defined AOP value (AOPV) represents an objective or limit on an actual value (AV) of the emitted AOP. The controller includes either a neural network process model or a non-neural network process model representing a relationship between each CTPP and the emitted AOP. A control processor has the logic to predict, based on the model, how changes to the current value of each CTPP will affect a future AV of emitted AOP, to select one of the changes in one CTPP based on the predicted affect of that change and on the AOPV, and to direct control of the one CTPP in accordance with the selected change for that CTPP.

A dual fuel burner including an elongated supply pipe and a gas injector for a boiler furnace having a plurality of peripheral openings around a center opening. The peripheral openings are pitched radially away from the longitudinal axis of the gas injector and also pitched either clockwise or counter-clockwise, to impart a swirling motion to gaseous fuel exiting the injector through the openings. A first sleeve member is concentrically spaced about the supply pipe and the gas injector to form an inner annular passageway for conveying a mixture of primary air and pulverized coal to the furnace combustion zone. A second sleeve member is concentrically spaced about the first sleeve member to form an outer annular passageway for conveying secondary air to the furnace combustion zone, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes mounted within the outer annular passageway for inducing a swirling motion to the secondary air discharging from the outer annular passageway into the furnace combustion zone.

The invention is a fluid bed gasification and combustion processing method for urban garbage. The hearth of a fluid bed garbage furnace (4) is composed of two parts of a low temperature gasification area and a high temperature combustion area, additives (f) such as limestone, kaolin, etc. are added to the garbage furnace (4); acid gases such as chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, etc. are removed in the furnace; and the generation of dioxin is controlled in the furnace. A water cooling spiral slag cooler (5) and a vibration sieve (6) can be utilized to efficiently reduce heat loss of slag and recycle bed materials. The whole system requires no addition of auxiliary fuel, and has the characteristics of safe reliability, no odor emission, low investment and operating cost, less secondary pollutant discharge, high power generation efficiency, etc.

The invention relates to a low-pollution combustion chamber with a premixed and pre-evaporated precombustion part, which adopts a monocylic cavity structure and comprises a pressure diffuser, an outer receiver of a combustion chamber, an outer wall of a flame tube, an inner wall of the flame tube and a combustion chamber head, wherein all air for combustion enters the flame tube from the combustion chamber head, a grade combustion scheme is adopted and comprises a precombustion grade and a main combustion grade ; the main combustion grade adopts a premixed combustion mode, and the precombustion grade adopts a mode of combining diffusion combustion with stable rotational flow and rotational-flow premixed combustion; and the precombustion grade adopts the mode of combining the diffusion combustion and the premixed combustion, and pollutant discharge under a small working condition is reduced without influencing stable combustion. In the invention, the precombustion grade structure is simple, and the pollutant discharge is reduced under a small working condition without influencing the combustion stability so as to ensure that the pollution discharge of the whole landing and take-off (LTO) of an aircraft engine combustion chamber is further reduced.

The invention relates to a process, a system and a device for waste biomass multi-production processing, in particular to a waste biomass gasification and liquefaction treatment system. The gasification treatment is performed to the waste biomass, the gas is used for producing clean energy and chemical raw materials, the furnace slag is used for producing building materials or fertilizer and the waste heat is used for electric power generation and heat supply so as to realize the environmental-friendly municipal solid waste treatment and the ecological environment protection. The system mainlycomprises a gas-phase circulation gasification furnace, a flue gas circulation air tube, a flue gas circulation fan, a dust-removal / purifying tower and a synthesis reactor and is characterized in that the gas-phase circular reaction is performed to the flue gas in the gasification furnace, the water vapor and the gaseous matter generated during the pyrolysis to obtain hydrogen-rich synthetic gas,and meanwhile, the dioxin (violent in toxicity) is broken up; and the post treatment is performed to the hydrogen-rich synthetic gas to generate city gas, methanol, dimethyl ether or hydrogen. The system has the advantages of full gasification of the solid raw material, no pollutant discharge, extremely low exhaust emission and easy purifying treatment, and the device is flexible in size and is feasible for popularization.

The invention discloses a fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system based on LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cold energy utilization. The fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system comprises a solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine combined cycle system, an organic Rankine cycle system and an LNG cold energy source, wherein un-reacted fuel in an SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) and air combust in a rear combustion chamber to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure gas which enters the gas turbine for doing work and outputting electric energy; high-temperature exhaust gas in the gas turbine sequentially preheats the air, fuel and water; the organic Rankine cycle system is used for recycling low-temperature flue gas waste heat which is left after being used for preheating the air, the fuel and the water; the low-temperature flue gas waste heat is converted into electric energy for outputting, so that the cascade utilization of energy is realized; the LNG cold energy source as a cold source of organic Rankine cycle is used for condensing exhausted gas of an organic working medium turbine, so that back pressure of the organic working medium turbine is remarkably reduced and power output of the organic Rankine cycle is increased; and meanwhile, the cold energy of the LNG is recycled. According to the fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system disclosed by the invention, the conversion efficiency of energy source can be remarkably improved, the discharge of pollutants is reduced and the performances of the system are improved.

The invention provides a vehicle speed inducing method for green driving at a signalized intersection in a car networking environment and a simulation system. When a vehicle travels to a preset vehicle speed inducing region, a central control system can acquire motion state information (position, speed, acceleration and the like) of the vehicle, and real-time dynamic green driving vehicle speed inducing is carried out on the vehicle by taking pass of the intersection without parking as a target. The vehicle speed inducing method alleviates blockage of the intersection of an urban road on traffic flow and reduces vehicle delay, fuel oil consumption and pollutant discharge at the signalized intersection. On the basis, a vehicle speed inducing simulation system in the car networking environment is built by applying an open-source multi-agent simulation tool Netlogo, and travel time, fuel consumption and pollutant discharge of the vehicle when passing the intersection in two environments, namely the traditional driving and car networking, are simulated, compared and analyzed, so as to verify feasibility and effectiveness of the vehicle speed inducing method.

The invention discloses a method for economically and optimally dispatching cogeneration units. The method includes S1, determining safe and adjustable peak-load regulation ranges of the cogeneration units; S2, constructing mathematical model for unit load optimization under the consideration of electric load adjustment moments and creating multi-objective and multi-constraint unit load optimization objective functions; S3, designing a cogeneration unit multi-objective and multi-constraint load optimal dispatching scheme on the basis of a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The multi-objective and multi-constraint method for optimally dispatching the cogeneration units has the advantages that power generation load and heating load among the various units of an integral plant can be reasonably distributed in real time on the premise that safe, economical and environment-friendly running of the units is guaranteed, standard total coal consumption and pollutant emission of the integral plant are reduced to the greatest extent, power grid load adjustment can be quickly responded, the load competitiveness of each unit is improved, the integral plant can run at a low comprehensive economical cost, and the overall efficiency of the units is improved.

The invention relates to a method and a device for desulfurizing exhaust smoke of a sea-going ship, which uses sea water to reduce discharge of sulfur dioxide and other pollutants of the sea-going ship. The method comprises the following steps of: sea water scrubbing, acidic sea water transferring, acid separating treatment, water discharge and so on. The device comprises a scrubber and a water-saving acid separator, wherein, the upper part of the scrubber is provided with a scrubbing layer, and is communicated with a scrubbing sea water pump through a pipeline; the lower part of the scrubber is provided with a cooling layer; one end of the scrubber is communicated with a smoke exhaust pipe of a ship engine through a scrubbing inlet pipe, while the other end of the scrubber is connected with a scrubbing exhaust pipe; the lower part of the scrubber is communicated with the water-saving acid separator; and the water-saving acid separator is connected with a mixed sea water pump, a draught fan and a main discharge pipe for suitably discharging sea water which is subject to the acid separating treatment. The method and the device have the advantages of high desulfurizing efficiency, small sea water consumption, low equipment manufacturing cost and low running cost.

The invention discloses a residual error posterior-based abnormal value online detection and confidence degree assessment method. The method comprises the steps of collecting data, establishing time series data, performing linear fitting on the time series data to obtain a linear combination formula of data at a current moment and p pieces of previous data, and predicting a data value of subsequent time; comparing the predicted data value with an actually detected data value to obtain a predicted residual error series; determining a probability density function of the predicted residual error series by adopting a KDE (Kernel Density Estimation) method; performing posterior ratio check on the predicted residual error series, and judging whether the data at the current moment is an abnormal point or not; and by taking the time series data as an input, building an SOM state model, obtaining state series and state transition probability matrixes, defining an abnormal scoring function, and outputting an abnormal score. By comparing the probability that the data is the abnormal point with the probability that the data is a normal point, the abnormal value in the pollutant discharge concentration time series data is identified online, so that the accuracy and reliability of abnormal value judgment are improved.

A multi-cyclone dust collector for a vacuum cleaner includes a first cyclone unit forcing contaminants-laden air to form an upwardly whirling air current so as to centrifugally separate contaminants from the contaminants-laden air, the first cyclone unit having an air communicating member; a second cyclone unit being disposed under the first cyclone unit, the second cyclone unit forcing partially cleaned air discharged through the air communicating member to be sucked into a lower portion of the second cyclone unit and to form a second upwardly whirling air current so as to centrifugally separate fine contaminants from the partially cleaned air, the second cyclone unit having a plurality of second cyclones; and a contaminants discharging member being disposed over the second cyclone unit inside the air communicating member for discharging the fine contaminants separated in the second cyclone unit to an upper side of the air communicating member.

The invention relates to a sludge drying and incineration combined treatment method with good treatment effect, wide sludge adaptability, and safe and stability system. To avoid agglomeration of mechanically dewatered sludge (k) in a fluidized bed dryer (6), a part of dried sludge (c) is premixed with the mechanically dewatered sludge (k) and then fed into the fluidized bed dryer (6). The dried sludge (c) is incinerated into a circulating fluidized bed incinerator (1) to generate superheated vapor. The superheated vapor is condensed to hot water in a heat exchange tube (6-2) of the fluidized bed dryer (6) and then recycled to the circulating fluidized bed incinerator (1). The arrangement of buried pipes (1-3) and fractional air supply inside the circulating fluidized bed incinerator (1) can effectively control the lower temperature of the circulating fluidized bed incinerator (1) to prevent deflagration of dried sludge. The entire system has no emission of pollutants such as unpleasant odor, acidic gases, heavy metals and dioxin; is safe and reliable; and can operate for a long time.

The measurement of volume flows or mass flows in the intake system of motor vehicle internal combustion engines plays a significant role in reducing pollutant emissions. Therefore, an ultrasonic flow meter for measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing in a primary flow direction is described. The ultrasonic flow meter has at least two ultrasonic transducers, the ultrasonic transducers being capable of emitting and / or receiving ultrasonic waves at an angle α to the primary flow direction which is different from 90°. Furthermore, the ultrasonic flow meter has at least one guide element which is entirely or partially situated in the fluid. This guide element diverts at least one part of the flowing fluid in such a way that in the diversion, a velocity component is transferred to at least one part of the flowing fluid perpendicular to the primary flow direction. Guide vanes or displacers in particular are described as guide elements. In addition, turbulators may be provided on the guide elements, the turbulators generating a longitudinal fluid bed along the guide elements and thus causing the flow of the fluid to have a better contact with the guide elements when flowing around them. This reduces turbulences within the ultrasonic flow meter. Compared to the devices known from the related art, the ultrasonic flow meters described are distinguished by an improved signal-to-noise ratio and accordingly by a higher measuring precision.

The invention relates to a porous medium combustion apparatus of combustion use liquid fuel, which comprises a burner shell, a fuel injector, a premixing chamber, a perforated plate, a pulse igniter, porous foam ceramics, and a porous medium pellet and is characterized in that the perforated plate divides the combustion apparatus into a combustion chamber and an upper part and a lower part of the premixing chamber; the combustion chamber is internally provided with the porous medium pellet which is supported by the lower foamed ceramics; the space bond by the foamed ceramics is internally provided with the fuel injector and the pulse igniter; the premixing chamber is connected with an air inlet and a fuel gas inlet; the combustion apparatus preheats the foamed ceramics by the combustion of the gas fuel, and then sprays the liquid fuel on the foamed ceramics to realize the vaporization and combustion of the liquid fuel. The porous medium combustion apparatus of the f combustion use liquid fuel has effects and benefits that the combustion apparatus can burn the liquid fuel such the gas oil difficult to be burned in free space, industrial flammable waste liquor and the like, has the function of a gas burner; the combustion apparatus does not need a vaporizing unit internally and is characterized by high combustion efficiency and low pollutant discharge.

A controller directs operation of an air pollution control (APC) system performing a process to control emissions of a pollutant. The process has multiple process parameters (MPPs), one or more of the MPPs being a controllable process parameters (CTPPs) and one of the MPPs being an amount of the pollutant (AOP) emitted by the system. A user input device identifies an optimization objective. A control processor determines a set point for at least one of the one or more CTPPs based on the current values of the MPPs and the identified optimization objective, and directs control of one of the at least one CTPP based on the determined set point for that CTPP.

This invention relates to a method for processing oil sand bitumen including solvent deasphalting and visbreaking oil sand bitumen to yield de-oiled asphalt (DOA) and components capable of being transmitted in pipeline. The method for processing oil sand bitumen provided by this invention can effectively transmit oil sand bitumen in pipeline with the advantages of simple operation low equipment cost and significantly reduced operating cost. This method not only can solve the problems arising from enormous working capital required for purchasing diluting agent needed by the traditional unit for processing oil sand bitumen and complications in looking for users, but also can drastically reduce the high investment and high processing cost of such main upgrading avenues as coking and converting heavy oils to light distillates. This invention can enhance the effective products yield and increase the sales income. This method for processing oil sand bitumen can make the recovery of sulfur contained therein by means of the downstream processes easier to significantly reduce the sulfur recovery cost and ensure compliance with the pollutants emission standard.