The invention aims at providing a control method for steel plate performance optimization. The control method includes the steps that A, historical data of parameters involved in the steel plate production process is acquired, and a prediction mathematical model of yield strength and tensile strength is established; B, projection importance values of respective variables are calculated, and key parameters are determined; C, key parameter data in real-time production is acquired to serve as key parameter initial values; D, the key parameter initial values are introduced into the prediction mathematical model of yield strength and tensile strength, if predicted values are within the range of target values, key parameter regulation and control target values are obtained, and the step G is executed; or else, the step E is executed; E, after being randomly optimized, the key parameter initial values are introduced into the prediction mathematical model; F, loop optimization is continuously carried out till the key parameter regulation and control target values are obtained; G, the steel rolling procedure process is controlled through the key parameter regulation and control target values. The method overcomes the defects that the existing technology is complex in calculation, poor in precision and the like, and has the advantages of being simple in calculation and high in control precision.