The invention discloses a three-dimensional design method of a hydraulic support, which considers the dynamic effect of surrounding rocks positioned on a
coal face. The three-dimensional design method of the hydraulic support comprises the following steps of: simulating the motions of a top plate, a
coal bed and a bottom plate in the advancing process of the
coal face by adopting discrete element
software; building a support-surrounding rock three-dimensional
coupling model, and computing the reverse supporting effect and the control action of the hydraulic support on surrounding rock motion; circularly optimizing support parameters to obtain a structure which has optimal supporting effect on the surrounding rocks; simulating to obtain the distribution regularity of the tension, the bending and the torsion internal force of a part of the hydraulic support by adopting
dynamic software under the
stress conditions, i.e. unbalance loading, torsion,
impact of caving rocks on a shield beam of the hydraulic support, and the like, of the hydraulic support at different time, on different positions and under different geological conditions of coal face advancing; and designing and optimizing the structure form of the hydraulic support by combining with structure arrangement requirements and adopting a
finite element method. The three-dimensional design method can effectively enhance the
adaptive capacity of the hydraulic support on surrounding rock change, strengthen the stability and the reliability and ensure that the
coal mining work is safely and efficiently carried out.