The invention relates to the technical field of fault diagnosis, in particular to a power
system fault tracing and early warning method and
system based on an AI
large model, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multi-source heterogeneous data from a power
system, carrying out the preprocessing, deep
feature extraction and enhancement, mapping a multi-
modal feature
tensor in a feature subset to a unified feature space, and carrying out the recognition of the multi-
modal feature
tensor. Identifying the mapped multi-
modal feature
tensor by using a pre-trained AI
large model to obtain a state feature representation and a risk
score; performing similarity calculation on the state feature representation and a current state
reference vector, and when an abnormal state is determined, constructing a
fault propagation graph for a fault
feature vector by using a graph neural network, and marking a fault source and an influence path at the same time; and the state corresponding to the next
sliding time window is subjected to rolling prediction based on the set
time step length, and when the risk
score exceeds the set dynamic threshold value, multi-level early warning is triggered, so that the fault tracing accuracy and the early warning efficiency are improved.