296 results about "Latitude" patented technology

A drifting buoy trajectory prediction method based on a hybrid neural network prediction model, includes: S1, obtaining marine environmental data and historical trajectory data of a drifting buoy; S2, performing preprocessing on the marine environmental data and the historical trajectory data to obtain input data configured to predict northward and an eastward velocities of the drifting buoy; S3, inputting the input data into the hybrid neural network prediction model to obtain predicted values of the northward and eastward velocities; S4, calculating latitude and longitude coordinates of a trajectory point of the drifting buoy based on the predicted values of the eastward and northward velocities; and S5, predicting, by repeating the step S1-S4, latitude and longitude coordinates of trajectory points of the drifting buoy at multiple time points to obtain a sequence of trajectory point coordinates to thereby achieve trajectory prediction of the drifting buoy over a target future period.

The invention provides a lateral boundary turbulence synthesis method for complex terrain wind field numerical simulation, which comprises the following steps: determining a microscale computational domain boundary of a medium-microscale coupling mode, and obtaining lateral boundary surface coordinates of a microscale computational domain; establishing mesoscale mode simulation of the complex terrain wind field, and determining longitude, latitude and geographic coordinates corresponding to reference points of a mesoscale-microscale coupling mode; according to the terrain projection mode and the reference point position, converting the lateral boundary surface coordinates of the micro-scale computational domain into longitude and latitude and altitude corresponding to the mesoscale computational domain; extracting wind speed, temperature and turbulent energy time sequence data corresponding to the lateral boundary surface coordinates of the micro-scale computational domain from the mesoscale numerical simulation result; and synthesizing the lateral boundary turbulence time sequence fluctuating wind speed of the micro-scale computational domain for micro-scale numerical simulation. The complex terrain wind field unsteady flow simulation precision based on the medium-micro scale coupling mode is improved, and the method is more suitable for complex terrain wind resource refined evaluation.

The invention relates to the technical field of satellite height measurement, and discloses a GNSS-R ocean plumb line deviation calculation method, device and equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a height measurement result, a geoid height and an average dynamic terrain of each GNSS-R mirror reflection point in an ocean area, and calculating a residual geoid height; dividing a global geographic area according to a longitude and latitude target interval to generate a target grid; for any lattice point in the target grid, screening a plurality of GNSS-R mirror reflection points around the lattice point as target points; and determining the weight of the residual geoid height of each target point based on the GNSS-R height measurement precision table, calculating the residual geoid height of the network point through weighted average, and further calculating the corresponding ocean plumb line deviation. By adopting the method, the global ocean plumb line deviation can be quickly calculated based on the GNSS-R sea surface height measurement result, and the accuracy of ocean plumb line deviation calculation is improved.

The invention discloses an LED spherical display screen-oriented geographic data dynamic adaptive display method, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a non-uniform grid mapping model based on LED spherical screen physical parameters (diameter, support structure cavity size and pixel row / column spacing); the method comprises the following steps: accurately mapping geographic data (converted into longitude and latitude coordinates in advance) from a longitude and latitude coordinate system to a spherical screen pixel space, and carrying out resampling adaptation on the data based on the resolution of a display; meanwhile, a quaternion rotation transformation algorithm and a dynamic mask technology are adopted, the shielding area of the supporting structure of the LED spherical screen is calculated in real time, invisible data are automatically cut in the three-dimensional rotation process, and the problems of coordinate mapping distortion, rotation tearing and shielding area adaptation delay existing in a traditional LED spherical display system are solved. According to the method, the sub-pixel-level mapping precision of the geographic data on the LED spherical screen and the self-adaptive shielding compensation response of real-time rotation are realized.

The invention discloses an ecological environment big data processing method based on mining area pollutant migration behavior modeling, and relates to the technical field of big data processing. Comprising the steps that protection points in a target range and geodetic coordinate values of a mining area are obtained, the protection points comprise a mass residential area, an ecological protection area and a water source protection area, and the geodetic coordinate values are used for representing latitude and longitude coordinates and the altitude; and according to the first group of geodetic coordinate values and the geodetic coordinate values of the mining area, the maximum diffusion range interval of the mining area pollutants is determined, and the first group of geodetic coordinate values specifically refer to the geodetic coordinate values taken by any protection point type. According to the method, the three-dimensional geodetic coordinates of the protection point and the mining area are obtained, the pollutant diffusion range is scientifically defined, it is ensured that the space coverage of pollution monitoring is comprehensive and effective, potential threats of mining area pollution to surrounding people residential areas, ecological protection areas and water source protection areas can be accurately recognized, and the risk of mining area pollution to the surrounding people residential areas, ecological protection areas and water source protection areas is reduced. And the accuracy and pertinence of environmental risk assessment are improved.

The invention discloses a dual-radar three-dimensional wind field inversion method considering standard atmospheric influence under an earth coordinate system, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, converting polar coordinates of radial observation of radars into latitude and longitude grid coordinates, and then converting an inversion grid target point from the latitude and longitude grid coordinates to the earth coordinate system; obtaining position coordinates of the inversion grid target point and the two radars in an earth coordinate system; and finally, performing double-radar wind field inversion considering the standard atmospheric influence under the earth coordinate system, considering the influence of the standard atmospheric influence on the inversion grid target point three-dimensional wind field on the radial speed projection in the inversion wind field iteration equation set, and meanwhile, considering the influence of the density change on the mass continuity equation under the standard atmospheric influence condition. Therefore, accurate calculation of double-radar three-dimensional wind field inversion is realized, and accurate and reliable three-dimensional wind field inversion information is obtained. Based on the method of the invention, accurate calculation of dual-radar three-dimensional wind field inversion can be realized, and accurate and reliable wind field information values can be obtained.

The invention provides a three-dimensional positioning method and system for a satellite-borne multi-base radar system based on weighted linear iteration, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining radar echo data of a plurality of receivers, carrying out the effective detection of a target, and carrying out the searching of a pitch angle and a space taper angle of a target signal through a two-dimensional adaptive filtering technology, obtaining two-dimensional angle estimation information of the target at different bases and different visual angles; constructing a nonlinear equation set according to two-dimensional angle information and slope distance information of the target under different visual angles, and performing first-order Taylor expansion on the nonlinear equation set to obtain a corresponding linear overdetermined equation set; and forming a precision matrix according to the known measurement precision of the radar system, and carrying out normalization operation and iterative solution on the linear overdetermined equation to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of the target in the earth-centered earth-fixed coordinate system, thereby obtaining the latitude, longitude and height information of the target, and realizing the high-precision three-dimensional positioning of the multi-static radar system.

The invention relates to a location recommendation method based on longitude and latitude perception and federated learning, which breaks through the limitation of semantic flattening of traditional geographical representation by decoupling independent self-attention coding of longitude and latitude sequences and explicitly capturing directional movement characteristics of a user. A federal dynamic clustering mechanism based on a behavior pattern is further designed, compatibility fusion of heterogeneous knowledge is achieved, the problems of gradient conflicts and long tail marginalization caused by spatial isomerism are effectively relieved, and therefore the problem of spatial heterogeneity in POI recommendation is solved, and the relevance and accuracy of recommendation are improved.

The invention discloses a wind power plant power prediction method and system, relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and solves the technical problem that the existing wind power plant power prediction technology cannot accurately forecast the power of a wind power plant in a complex environment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring digital twinborn data of a wind power plant research area, wherein the digital twinborn data comprises longitude and latitude coordinates, elevation and fan parameters of the research area; the average wind speed of the input face of the wind power plant is obtained based on the mesoscale meteorological data output by the WRF and the digital twin data to serve as the simulated wind speed; constructing a three-dimensional network model of the wind power plant in the target environment according to the digital twin data; inputting the three-dimensional network model into fluid simulation software, setting parameters and inputting simulated wind speed to carry out wind power plant numerical simulation to obtain output wind speed at a fan hub and a blade tip; predicting the fan prediction power in the target environment of the wind power plant based on the digital twin data and the output wind speed at the fan hub; according to the method, a new fan power prediction method except machine learning is realized, and the method is quicker and more accurate.

The invention discloses a remote sensing image cloud type inversion model and system based on symmetric cross attention. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring satellite remote sensing image data, and extracting cloud spectrum, texture and shape features after processing; performing feature coding on longitude and latitude coordinates, terrain, underlying surfaces and time elements; constructing a symmetric cross attention module, and bidirectionally fusing the image, the geographic feature and the time feature as channel input; a ClodSat cloud product is used as a truth value, an Adam optimizer and a cross entropy loss function training model are adopted, and verification is carried out through indexes such as a Kappa coefficient and producer precision. The method overcomes the defect that a traditional method only depends on two-dimensional images and does not consider external driving elements, cloud types can be accurately classified, and inversion accuracy and efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses a point location judgment method applied to a visual map rendering technology, and belongs to the technical field of map rendering, in visual map rendering, a target point makes a horizontal ray towards one direction, if the number of intersection points between the ray and a map boundary is an odd number, it is indicated that the point is in a map area, and if the number of intersection points between the ray and the map boundary is not an odd number, it is indicated that the point is in the map area. For a large-scale point location judgment task, a spatial index technology is adopted, and in the method, coordinates of a central point are determined based on four parameter points including a longitude minimum value, a latitude minimum value, a longitude maximum value and a latitude maximum value; the method comprises the following steps: calculating angles between coordinates of a central point and longitude and latitude points of a map boundary according to a trigonometric function formula, storing the angles into longitude and latitude data of each point, obtaining an angle relationship at one time, obtaining the angle data of each point in a production environment, calculating an angle value target theta between the central point and a target point in the same way, and obtaining the angle relationship between the target point and the central point. And the longitude and latitude points are traversed circularly, and only the left and right longitude and latitude points of the target theta are left.

An SLAM map global alignment system based on an OSM map comprises a priori OSM map processing module, an SLAM map data processing module, a global map coarse alignment module and a map optimization-based fine alignment module, a topological map is constructed as a transfer structure of map alignment by using a common topological structure in a priori map as a key point, and the overall alignment accuracy of the map alignment is improved. The effects of aligning the perception map with the road network map and endowing the SLAM map with global coordinates are achieved, global coordinate calibration, namely geographic longitude and latitude coordinates, of the SLAM map can be completed with relatively high precision, semantic information association is achieved after the SLAM map is aligned with the OSM, and the method has relatively good application extensibility for future map application.

The invention discloses a method for drawing a ship icon in a sea chart based on Canvas. The method comprises the following steps: collecting basic data of a ship; acquiring a ship shape according to the ship state; obtaining the color of the ship shape according to the ship type; converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the ship position into canvas coordinates; and drawing a ship icon on the sea chart according to the canvas coordinates, the ship shape and the color of the ship shape. According to the method for drawing the ship icon in the nautical chart based on the Canvas, key information such as the type, the speed and the course of the ship is visually reflected on the icon, the visual layering sense of the nautical chart can be enhanced, the ship information can be clear at a glance, and therefore the participation degree and the satisfaction degree of users are greatly improved.

A golf ball having a plurality of dimples disposed on a spherical outer surface thereof is disclosed herein. The golf ball is segmented into triangular sections each divided into: a polar region from latitude angle 0° to latitude angle 30° and having a dimple surface coverage Sp, an intermediate region from latitude angle 30° to latitude angle 60° and having a dimple surface coverage Si, and an equatorial region from latitude angle 60° to latitude angle 90° and having a dimple surface coverage Se. A specific relationship is provided between Sp, Si, and Se, as disclosed in more detail herein.

The invention provides a Mercator projection method and device for controlling engineering projection deformation based on an axis, and relates to the technical field of engineering measurement. The method comprises the following steps: determining a latitude range of an engineering measurement area and measurement points of an engineering preset axis, wherein the measurement points comprise a south end point and a north end point of the latitude range; estimating Mercator projection length deformation of each measuring point of the project preset axis based on the latitude of each measuring point of the project preset axis; determining a target latitude with the minimum Mercator projection total length deformation of the project preset axis in the latitude range as a standard latitude; and based on the latitude of the standard latitude, carrying out Mercator projection on the project preset axis in the project measurement area. Based on the technical scheme, the projection parameters meeting the engineering projection deformation tolerance requirement can be quickly obtained for projection.

The invention discloses a remote sensing image moving ship tracking method based on ship wake identification. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring point location information of a to-be-monitored target in the same area; determining an imaging mode and an imaging interval, and performing continuous satellite imaging to obtain multi-scene original data; performing standard product processing on the multi-scene original data to obtain a multi-scene 1A-level standard product; carrying out image registration on the 1A-grade standard product; increasing the image contrast of the 1A-level standard product after registration and enhancing image texture information to obtain a texture discrimination image; marking a point location of the ship target according to the texture information; and calculating navigational speed and course information according to the latitude and longitude coordinates of different positions to finish continuous tracking of the ship target. According to the method, the moving ship target can be accurately distinguished in the cloud-free and broken cloud environment, and meanwhile, long-time continuous motion information of multiple targets in the same area is generated, including position, course, navigational speed and track information.

The invention relates to a measurement precision correction method for a digital geological compass. The method comprises the following steps: determining the magnetic field stability of a target position according to the difference between total magnetic field intensities in a first interval; determining a magnetic field interference coefficient at the moment according to a difference value between the total magnetic field intensity at each moment and the total magnetic field intensity at the target moment; determining the integrating degree of the point source model at the previous moment according to the difference between the magnetic field interference coefficients at each adjacent moment and the duration of the interval between each adjacent moment and the initial moment; determining a target duration according to the magnetic field interference coefficient in the second interval and the duration of the interval between each moment and the initial moment, and correcting the magnetic field data of each axis of the compass according to the target duration and the difference between the magnetic field data of each axis at the target moment and the magnetic field data of the axis in the first interval; and carrying out azimuth calibration on the compass according to the corrected magnetic field data of each axis and the longitude and latitude of the target position. The method can improve the accuracy of geological survey.

The invention discloses a road ponding point prediction method fusing historical waterlogging points and spatial clustering, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out the rapid numerical simulation of surface ponding through the rapid estimation of rainfall runoff and displacement, and obtaining a depth estimation value of the surface ponding; s2, on the basis of the historical waterlogging point position, the accumulated water high-risk area is determined by integrating the estimated value of the surface accumulated water depth; s3, adopting an improved DBSCAN clustering algorithm, and taking the ponding high-risk area as input to predict the ponding point location; and S4, outputting a predicted ponding point with latitude and longitude coordinates, a geographic address and maximum ponding depth information based on geocoding. The position address information is obtained on the basis of the surface ponding depth prediction matrix, so that the ponding address information based on points is formed, and emergency disposal personnel can conveniently and quickly arrive at the site.

The invention discloses a construction and inversion method of a sea surface wind speed inversion model based on a dual-frequency wind field radar, the sea surface wind speed inversion model comprises a sea surface wind speed inversion model and a geophysical model function, and scattering measurement data, microwave radiometer data and sea surface wind field data are acquired; taking latitude and longitude and time information of the scattering measurement data as a reference, and respectively carrying out quasi-synchronous matching on the microwave radiometer data and the sea surface wind field data with the scattering measurement data by adopting a space-time matching threshold method to obtain an active and passive data set; on the basis of sea surface radiation and scattering characteristics, a geophysical model function for wind direction inversion and a sea surface wind speed inversion model capable of inhibiting rainfall influence are constructed by utilizing the characteristic that different frequencies have different penetrating power and adopting an active and passive spectrum gradient ratio, and the sea surface wind speed and the sea surface wind direction of a high-wind-speed sea surface can be obtained at the same time; the technical problem that it is difficult to quantitatively measure the sea surface wind speed and the sea surface wind direction of the high-wind-speed sea surface wind field at the same time in the prior art is solved.

The invention provides a remote sensing water line distance water depth inversion method, and belongs to the field of remote sensing water depth inversion. Aiming at the problems that the distance between a water depth point with geographic coordinates and a water boundary line is in direct proportion to the water depth and the chlorophyll content of water in a near-shore area is relatively high, the method comprises the following steps: selecting wave bands such as longitude and latitude, the distance between a pixel and the water boundary line, a coast wave band, a blue wave band, a green wave band and a red wave band; the improved normalized water body index (MNDWI), the red edge chlorophyll vegetation index (RECI) and the normalized difference moisture index (NDWI) serve as feature influence factors, a remote sensing waterline distance water depth inversion model is constructed, the water depth is inverted, and the remote sensing image water depth inversion precision can be effectively improved.

The invention belongs to the field of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing, and particularly relates to a real-time cycle slip detection method based on ionosphere variation trend constraint, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, fitting an ionosphere variation trend by using all observation satellite data at the current moment, and selecting a non-geometric combination observation value according to a sliding window; then ionosphere variation trend constraint is applied on the basis of a polynomial function, geomagnetic latitude is used as an independent variable to fit a polynomial coefficient, the ionosphere variation of each satellite observed value at the current moment is forecasted, and then the ionosphere variation and the non-geometric combination are differentiated to obtain ambiguity variation; and finally, a detection threshold is determined through the adaptive expansion factor changing along with latitude, and the ambiguity variation is detected to judge whether cycle slip occurs or not. The method is convenient to calculate, fully considers the change trend of the ionosphere, is suitable for real-time cycle slip detection application, and is more suitable for cycle slip detection application in the ionosphere disturbance period.

The invention discloses an urban area environment modeling method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a Fresnel area according to latitude and longitude coordinates of a preset area; extracting environmental parameters influencing radio wave propagation in the Fresnel area according to a radio wave propagation theory; obtaining potential variables in the Fresnel area according to a preset algorithm; inputting the environmental parameters and the potential variables into a preset prediction model to obtain a path loss prediction result; through the method, precise prediction of a point-to-point large-scale channel in a dense urban area environment is realized, and an output prediction result can be applied to urban network planning and optimization; the system also has the same beneficial effects.

The invention provides an ocean data assimilation observation strategy optimization method based on deep learning interpretability, and relates to the field of data processing, and the method comprises the steps: generating a sea-land mask through the geographic sea-land distribution and observation point validity based on pattern grid points; constructing a three-channel input tensor; constructing a network architecture to process input of different sizes in a self-adaptive pooling manner; carrying out model training by adopting a composite loss function; generating a space-time saliency map based on Grad-CAM, fusing multi-time step features through a dynamic aggregation algorithm, and identifying a key dynamic region in combination with ocean gradient and curvature features; in the key power area, K-means clustering is combined with minimum distance constraint, and high-contribution observation points are preferentially selected from all clusters; and outputting longitude and latitude coordinates and contribution value sequences of the plurality of previous optimal observation points. According to the technical scheme, the problems of low observation resource use efficiency and low forecast initial field quality in the prior art are solved.

The invention provides a regional ionosphere modeling method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of satellite navigation positioning, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the coordinates of a plurality of reference stations in a region, matching the coordinates with a preset threshold value, obtaining the coordinates of reference points, and obtaining the regional ionosphere based on the coordinates of the plurality of reference stations in the region and the coordinates of the reference points. Obtaining a longitude difference value and a latitude difference value between the regional reference station and the reference point, obtaining the coordinate of the target satellite, and obtaining the difference value of the elevation angles of the plurality of reference stations and the reference point observation target satellite based on the coordinate of the target satellite and the coordinates of the plurality of reference stations in the region; and constructing a coefficient matrix based on the difference value of the elevation angle and the longitude difference value and the latitude difference value between the regional reference station and the reference point, and constructing a regional ionosphere model based on the coefficient matrix and the obtained regional ionosphere model coefficient. Due to the fact that the influences of the horizontal gradient and the vertical delay are considered at the same time in the modeling process, the model fitting precision is remarkably improved.

The invention provides an accumulated snow monitoring method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: triggering a snowstorm emergency response task when a target condition is detected, carrying out the projection conversion of weather forecast data, target sensor data, accumulated snow data, a meteorological satellite map and a target text which belong to the same grid at a current time point according to latitude and longitude coordinates, and obtaining a snowstorm emergency response task; the feature vectors corresponding to the grids are obtained, the feature vectors corresponding to the grids are input into the graph neural network, multi-modal feature fusion is carried out according to the spatial adjacency relation between the grids, and the current accumulated snow fusion state corresponding to the target road section in each grid is obtained. The multi-modal feature fusion is carried out according to the spatial adjacency relationship between the grids, so that the final accumulated snow state representation of each grid is fused with the influence of the surrounding environment, the noise is effectively smoothed, the data blank area is filled, and the accuracy of the current accumulated snow fusion state acquisition result corresponding to the target road section in the grid is ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of geomagnetic navigation, and discloses a vector geomagnetic calibration method and device based on multi-route data alignment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a plurality of first latitudes of a first route and a plurality of second latitudes of a second route, and aligning each second latitude with the first latitude, determining a plurality of first field intensity data of the first latitude and a plurality of second field intensity data of the second latitude based on the alignment result; acquiring a plurality of first abnormal field intensity data of the first route based on the first field intensity data, and acquiring a plurality of second abnormal field intensity data of the second route based on the second field intensity data; and obtaining a conversion matrix of the second route based on the first abnormal field intensity data, the second abnormal field intensity data and the second field intensity data, and converting the second field intensity data into calibration field intensity data of the second route according to the conversion matrix. According to the technical scheme provided by multiple embodiments of the invention, strip errors generated when the three-dimensional vector geomagnetic map is constructed can be eliminated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft simulation, and particularly relates to an atmospheric wind field design method for aircraft simulation. Comprising the following steps: step 1, firstly, determining a latitude and longitude range of a region to be flied by a flight simulator, dividing the region into unit regions according to latitude and longitude coordinates, and then arranging the regions according to latitude and longitude; 2, setting a regional wind speed initial value in each region; 3, calling landform data, and calculating wind power in different height layers in the region; and 4, making the wind field data into a wind field function related to longitude, latitude and height. The method has the beneficial effects that the wind field structure in the aircraft simulator can be more subdivided to fit the real weather condition after the method is adopted.

The invention provides an all-day sea ice monitoring method, device and equipment based on an FY4B stationary satellite, and relates to the technical field of sea ice monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the load data collected by the FY4B stationary satellite at a plurality of historical moments for a research region, carrying out the preprocessing of the load data, and obtaining a pre-processed load data; obtaining corresponding remote sensing physical quantities of longitude and latitude grid points in the ocean and non-cloud region in the research region at historical moments; based on the remote sensing physical quantity, performing multi-condition sea ice identification on the longitude and latitude grid points to determine historical sea ice identification results corresponding to the longitude and latitude grid points at historical moments; and for any moment in the to-be-predicted all-day time, constructing a historical time period matched with the moment based on a plurality of historical moments, and determining a target sea ice identification result corresponding to the longitude and latitude grid point at the moment according to a historical sea ice identification result corresponding to the longitude and latitude grid point at the historical time period. The sea ice monitoring timeliness can be obviously improved.

The invention discloses a method for investigating a road section by using automobile big data, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the statistics of the latitude and longitude coordinates of a plurality of vehicles in the same driving direction in a to-be-investigated map frame by using the latitude and longitude coordinate information in the automobile big data; a two-dimensional matrix with the same size as the to-be-investigated map framing is developed in a computer memory; for a road in any direction of east, south, west and north, making a horizontal line by taking 2n as a grid interval for the framing basic grids of the to-be-investigated map; traversing all the grids from left to right along the horizontal line, regarding the first longitude and latitude coordinate point as a left boundary point of the section until the first longitude and latitude coordinate point encounters a blank grid as a right boundary point of the section, and obtaining a road section slice. On the basis of the method, continuous investigation can be carried out on billions of road sections.

The invention discloses a cultivated land soil pH estimation method based on multi-source remote sensing and spatial weighting, which comprehensively utilizes multi-source remote sensing environment information such as optics, radar, terrain, weather and the like, constructs multi-source remote sensing environment factor data, and improves response sensitivity to cultivated land soil pH change. A space weighting mechanism is introduced based on latitude and longitude coordinates of each sampling point, so that the adaptability of the model to cultivated land space heterogeneity is enhanced; the weighted random forest model constructed by taking the enhanced feature matrix as the input of the random forest model improves the spatial continuity and prediction precision of the cultivated land soil pH estimation result; the method disclosed by the invention has good universality and expandability, and is suitable for rapidly estimating the pH of the cultivated land soil in multiple regions and multiple scales.