10037 results about "Diffraction" patented technology

An alignment system uses a self-referencing interferometer that produces two overlapping and relatively rotated images of an alignment markers. Detectors detect intensities in a pupil plane where Fourier transforms of the images are caused to interfere. The positional information is derived from the phase difference between diffraction orders of the two images which manifests as intensity variations in the interfered orders. Asymmetry can also be measured by measuring intensities at two positions either side of a diffraction order.

There is described a process and a catalyst for the hydroalkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon, particularly benzene, wherein the catalyst comprises a first metal having hydrogenation activity and a crystalline inorganic oxide material having a X-ray diffraction pattern including the following d-spacing maxima 12.4+/-0.25, 6.9+/-0.15, 3.57+/-0.07 and 3.42+/-0.07.

For angular resolved spectrometry a radiation beam is used having an illumination profile having four quadrants is used. The first and third quadrants are illuminated whereas the second and fourth quadrants aren't illuminated. The resulting pupil plane is thus also divided into four quadrants with only the zeroth order diffraction pattern appearing in the first and third quadrants and only the first order diffraction pattern appearing in the second and third quadrants.

The spherical catalyst carrier is prepared with alcoholated magnesium chloride containing double-ether compound in emulsifying pelletizer. Liquid titanium halide compound is carried onto the spherical catalyst carrier to form spherical solid catalyst component in the presence of electron donor. In the X-ray diffraction spectrogram, the spherical solid catalyst component has diffraction peak in 13.3 deg of 2theta angle, strongest diffraction peak in 26.5 deg of 2theta angle and no characteristic diffraction peak of alpha-anhydrous MgCl2 in 15 deg of 2theta angle. The catalyst of the presentinvention has very high activity and may be used to produce polymer with good form, high apparent density and less fine powder. The catalyst is used in homopolymerization and copolymerization of olefin and suitable for various polymerization process.

A modified graphite oxide material contains a thermally exfoliated graphite oxide with a surface area of from about 300 m²/g to 2600 m²/g, wherein the thermally exfoliated graphite oxide displays no signature of the original graphite and/or graphite oxide, as determined by X-ray diffraction.

A media storage device and method for fabricating said device is provided. The device comprises a data layer capable of storing and erasing data via application of an energy beam, such as a near field optical non diffraction limited beam or electron beam. A separate capping layer is deposited on the data layer. The separate capping layer is relatively transparent to the energy beam and may be formed from various materials, including but not limited to an epitaxial material, a conducting material, and a robust high melting point material, such as Molybdenum.

An accommodating intraocular lens is provided that having optical parameters that are altered in-situ using forces applied by the ciliary muscles, in which a lens body carries an actuator separating two fluid-filled chambers having either the same index of diffraction or different indices of refraction, actuation of the actuator changing the relative volumes of fluid within an optic element of the lens and altering the optical power of the lens.

A dual-band antenna is provided that combines two normally disparate communications modes into a single compact aperture minimizing overall mass and volume, while maintaining high performance efficiency and reciprocity of each individual mode. The antenna is compatible with both optical (near-IR/visible) and RF (microwave/millimeter-wave) transceiver subsystems for high bandwidth communications, applicable primarily to long- to extremely long-range (space-to-ground) link distances. The optical link provides high bandwidth while the RF provides a lower data-rate weather backup, accommodation for traditional navigation techniques, and assistance in cueing the extremely tight optical beam by matching the RF beamwidth to an optical fine-steering mechanism field-of-regard. The configuration is built around a near-diffraction-limited high performance primary mirror shared by both a direct-fed RF antenna design and a Cassegrain optical telescope. Material properties are exploited to combine the optical secondary mirror with the RF feed structure, providing a collimated optical beam interface at the antenna vertex.

A profile model for use in optical metrology of structures in a wafer is selected, the profile model having a set of geometric parameters associated with the dimensions of the structure. A set of optimization parameters is selected for the profile model using one or more input diffraction signals and one or more parameter selection criteria. The selected profile model and the set of optimization parameters are tested against one or more termination criteria. The process of selecting a profile model, selecting a set of optimization parameters, and testing the selected profile model and set of optimization parameters is performed until the one or more termination criteria are met.

An all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery containing a novel garnet-type oxide serving as a solid electrolyte. The garnet-type lithium ion-conducting oxide is one represented by the formula Li_5+XLa₃(Zr_X, A_2-X)O₁₂, wherein A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Y, Nb, Hf, Ta, Al, Si, Ga, Ge, and Sn and X satisfies the inequality 1.4≦X<2, or is one obtained by substituting an element having an ionic radius different from that of Zr for Zr sites in an garnet-type lithium ion-conducting oxide represented by the formula Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂, wherein the normalized intensity of an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern with a diffraction peak, as normalized on the basis of the intensity of a diffraction peak, is 9.2 or more.

Apparatus for and method of fully automatic rapid scanning and digitizing of an entire microscope sample, or a substantially large portion of a microscope sample, using a linear array detector synchronized with a positioning stage that is part of a computer controlled microscope slide scanner. The invention provides a method for composing the image strips obtained from successive scans of the sample into a single contiguous digital image. The invention also provides a method for statically displaying sub-regions of this large digital image at different magnifications, together with a reduced magnification macro-image of the entire sample. The invention further provides a method for dynamically displaying, with or without operator interaction, portions of the contiguous digital image. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, all elements of the scanner are part of a single-enclosure that has a primary connection to the Internet or to a local intranet. In this embodiment, the preferred sample type is a microscope slide and the illumination and imaging optics are consistent with transmission mode optics optimized for diffraction-limited digital imaging.

An eyepiece for a HMD includes a waveguide, an ambient light polarizer, and a wire grid polarizer with a diffraction lens having a lens function patterned into the wire grid polarizer. Polarized image light is guided between eye-ward and ambient sides of the waveguide from a display source to a viewing region of the waveguide where the polarized image light is directed out of the waveguide through the eye-ward side. The viewing region passes ambient light incident on the ambient side through to the eye-ward side. The ambient light polarizer is disposed adjacent to the ambient side to polarize the ambient light into polarized ambient light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. The wire grid polarizer is disposed adjacent to the eye-ward side along the viewing region. The wire grid polarizer is oriented to applying the lens function to the polarized image light via diffraction.

A method for modeling diffraction includes constructing a theoretical model of the subject. A numerical method is then used to predict the output field that is created when an incident field is diffracted by the subject. The numerical method begins by computing the output field at the upper boundary of the substrate and then iterates upward through each of the subject's layers. Structurally simple layers are evaluated directly. More complex layers are discretized into slices. A finite difference scheme is performed for these layers using a recursive expansion of the field-current ratio that starts (or has a base case) at the lowermost slice. The combined evaluation, through all layers, creates a scattering matrix that is evaluated to determine the output field for the subject.

The top-view profiles of repeating structures in a wafer are characterized and parameters to represent variations in the top-view profile of the repeating structures are selected. An optical metrology model is developed that includes the selected top-view profile parameters of the repeating structures. The optimized optical metrology model is used to generate simulated diffraction signals that are compared to measured diffraction signals.

The invention discloses a microwave antenna and an outer cover thereof. The outer cover is a rotational symmetric element which comprises a plurality of homocentrically arranged parts as below: a compensation part arranged at the middle of the outer cover and used for compensating the phase delay of the electric field distribution at the middle of an antenna aperture surface caused by the shielding of a feed source, a main reflection part arranged at the periphery of the compensation part and used for reflecting the electromagnetic wave emitted from the microwave antenna feed source to a specific direction deviating from the feed source, and an assistant reflection part arranged at the periphery of the main reflection part and used for carrying out reflex bunching on the edge diffraction electromagnetic wave of the microwave antenna. All the parts of the outer cover are especially designed and shaped, therefore the microwave antenna has the characteristics of excellent electrical properties, stable structure, low cost and the like.

This invention is related to a flow fluorometric device and method employing a two-photon excitation and/or confocal optical set-up. The optical set-up of this invention is optimal for counting small fluorescent biological particles. The active focal volume is diffraction-limited and consequently much smaller than the volume of the flow channel. The excitation and detection concept has been found very efficient for rejection of the background signal. An objective lens with large numerical aperture for focusing the laser and for collecting the fluorescence is used and this restricts the active volume of measurement to a diffraction-limited volume which approximately corresponds to a volume of femtoliter. This volume is significantly smaller than the detection volume of ordinary flow cytometry.