3229 results about "Positive direction" patented technology

A method and system for providing a magnetic element is disclosed. The method and system include providing a ferromagnetic pinned layer, providing a free layer, and providing a spacer layer between the pinned layer and the free layer. The pinned layer and free layer are ferromagnetic and have a pinned layer magnetization and a free layer magnetization, respectively. The spacer layer is nonmagnetic. In one aspect, the free layer is configured to have an increased magnetic damping constant. In another aspect, the method and system also include providing a second pinned layer and a second spacer layer between the free layer and the second pinned layer. In this aspect, the first pinned layer and / or the second pinned layer are configured such that a forward torque and a reflected torque due to a current driven through the magnetic element in a current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration are substantially equal and opposite.

The present memory structure includes thereof a first conductor, a second conductor, a resistive memory cell connected to the second conductor, a first diode connected to the resistive memory cell and the first conductor, and oriented in the forward direction from the resistive memory cell to the first conductor, and a second diode connected to the resistive memory cell and the first conductor, in parallel with the first diode, and oriented in the reverse direction from the resistive memory cell to the first conductor. The first and second diodes have different threshold voltages

A method and apparatus comprises providing a vector network analyzer having at least two measurement ports and presenting a high reflect calibration standard, a line calibration standard, a source terminated thru calibration standard, and a locally terminated through calibration standard at each measurement port or pair of measurement ports. Forward and reverse reflection tracking is calculated based upon a boundary condition wherein an argument of the reflection tracking coefficients is zero at DC. The DUT is measured and the measurement is corrected for systematic errors based upon the error coefficients.

The invention relates to a voltage balancing control method for a multi-level modular converter, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) judging whether the current direction of a bridge arm is a positive direction or a negative direction; 2) searching for a sub-module with the highest capacitor voltage amplitude value from the sub-modules in an output state, and simultaneously searching for the sub-module with the lowest capacitor voltage amplitude values from the sub-modules in a bypass state; and 3) judging whether to use or bypass the sub-modules or not. By the method, sub-module switching randomness is completely avoided, and the switching frequency of the sub-module is reduced; and the sub-module capacitor voltage balancing control method is more applicable in the field of high-voltage high-capacity converters with a great number of sub-modules.

A method and apparatus for driving LED's is disclosed, comprising the steps of receiving a desired intensity value, wherein the desired intensity value represents the desired intensity for the LED's; generating a first switching control signal, wherein the first switching control signal is a pulse width modulated signal whose duty cycle is based on the desired intensity value; switching the LED's on and off based on the first switching control signal, wherein the switching takes place when the desired intensity value is less than a first desired intensity value threshold; generating a desired constant current value based on the desired intensity value, wherein the desired constant current value represents the value of the desired constant current to drive the LED's; determining an actual constant current value, wherein the actual constant current value represents the value of the actual constant current driving the LED's; comparing the actual constant current value with the desired constant current value; and adjusting the output of the primary drive of the LED's so that the actual constant current value is equal to the desired constant current value. A system for providing LED backlighting of a display is also disclosed, comprising a first constant current source driver, wherein the constant current source driver comprises a primary drive and a step-up circuit; a first series connection of LED's, wherein the LED's are driven by the first constant current driver; and wherein the first constant current source provides a forward voltage of 42 volts or greater to drive the first series connection of LED's.

The linear guide apparatus includes a guide rail 3 including a rolling body rolling groove 8 and a friction apply unit 6 assembled to the guide rail 3. The friction apply unit 6 includes a unit main body 15, a brake member 16, an oil pressure cylinder 17 and a plate spring 32. The brake member 16 is disposed so as to face the side surface 3a of the guide rail 3 and can be contacted with the other portions of the side surface 3a than the rolling body rolling groove 8 thereof. The oil pressure cylinder 17 includes a piston member 20 which is structured to be driven in a positive direction to thereby press the brake member 16 against the side surface 3a of the guide rail 3 and also the piston member 20 can be driven in the opposite direction to thereby remove the pressure of the brake member 16 from the side surface 3a.

An electric element includes: a first electrode (1); a second electrode (3); and a layer (2) connected between the first electrode and the second electrode and having a diode characteristic and a variable resistance characteristic. The layer (2) conducts a substantial electric current in a forward direction extending from one of the first electrode (1) and the second electrode (3) to the other electrode as compared to a reverse direction opposite of the forward direction. The resistance value of the layer (2) for the forward direction increases or decreases according to a predetermined pulse voltage applied between the first electrode (1) and the second electrode (3).

A nonvolatile memory device includes at least one memory cell which comprises a diode and a metal oxide antifuse dielectric layer, and a first electrode and a second electrode electrically contacting the at least one memory cell. In use, the diode acts as a read / write element of the memory cell by switching from a first resistivity state to a second resistivity state different from the first resistivity state in response to an applied bias.