3230 results about "Positive direction" patented technology

A method and system for providing a magnetic element is disclosed. The method and system include providing a ferromagnetic pinned layer, providing a free layer, and providing a spacer layer between the pinned layer and the free layer. The pinned layer and free layer are ferromagnetic and have a pinned layer magnetization and a free layer magnetization, respectively. The spacer layer is nonmagnetic. In one aspect, the free layer is configured to have an increased magnetic damping constant. In another aspect, the method and system also include providing a second pinned layer and a second spacer layer between the free layer and the second pinned layer. In this aspect, the first pinned layer and / or the second pinned layer are configured such that a forward torque and a reflected torque due to a current driven through the magnetic element in a current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration are substantially equal and opposite.

The threshold voltage is shifted in a negative or positive direction in some cases by an unspecified factor in a manufacturing process of the thin film transistor. If the amount of shift from 0 V is large, driving voltage is increased, which results in an increase in power consumption of a semiconductor device. Thus, a resin layer having good flatness is formed as a first protective insulating film covering the oxide semiconductor layer, and then a second protective insulating film is formed by a sputtering method or a plasma CVD method under a low power condition over the resin layer. Further, in order to adjust the threshold voltage to a desired value, gate electrodes are provided over and below an oxide semiconductor layer.

A lace winding device includes a base, a spool rotatably mounted in the base, a lace having two distal ends each extending through the base and each secured on the spool, a limit barrel mounted on the base, a drive member rotatably mounted in the limit barrel and connected with the spool to rotate the spool, and a ratchet block movably mounted on the limit barrel and engaging the drive member. Thus, the drive member is rotated in one direction only by limit of the ratchet block so that the spool is driven by the drive member to rotate in the positive direction only and cannot be rotated in the opposite direction so as to wind the lace easily and quickly.

A light assembly for use with a low voltage power source. The light assembly semiconductor photo-emitters are electrically in series with a higher forward voltage drop than the associated low voltage power supply. To provide the necessary voltage the light assembly includes a current regulated step-up DC / DC converter. The semiconductor photo-emitters that are electrically in series are in the form of a monolithic light emitting diode array with a plurality of light emitting diode elements electrically and mechanically in series with a conductive, rigid bond region between the cathode region of the first light emitting diode element and the anode region of the second light emitting diode element. The first and second light emitting diode elements may differ in band gaps to emit different colors, that are additive to a non-primary color, such as white.

The invention provides a driving circuit and a driving method applied to a flyback-type converter and a quasi-resonant soft-switching flyback-type converter applying the same. According to a driving circuit applied to the flyback-type converter, differential coefficient of the drain-source voltage of a main power switch tube in the flyback-type converter is worked out by a differential circuit, thus leading the time when the drain-source voltage achieves valley floor to correspond to the time when the differential voltage passes the zero point in positive direction. A valley floor voltage detecting circuit is connected with the differential circuit and receives a differential voltage signal; when the drain-source voltage of the main power switch tube achieves the valley floor, a valley floor control signal is output, thus controlling the driving circuit to drive the main power switch tube, and further exactly realizing the aim of conducting the valley floor of the main power switch tube. By adopting the driving circuit, the aim of controlling a quasi-resonant soft switch of the main power switch tube is realized precisely, the driving circuit of the flyback-type converter is optimized so that the controlling effect and the reliability are greatly improved, and the realizing cost is reduced.

A method of programming a nonvolatile memory device includes (i) providing a nonvolatile memory cell comprising a diode in series with at least one metal oxide, (ii) applying a first forward bias to change a resistivity state of the metal oxide from a first state to a second state; (iii) applying a second forward bias to change a resistivity state of the metal oxide from a second state to a third state; and (iv) applying a third forward bias to change a resistivity state of the metal oxide from a third state to a fourth state. The fourth resistivity state is higher than the third resistivity state, the third resistivity state is lower than the second resistivity state, and the second resistivity state is lower than the first resistivity state.

A pair of optical gratings are used to modulate light from an object, and the modulated light from either optical is used to determine the velocity of the object. Each optical grating is offset from a reference focal point by the same distance, one grating being offset in a positive direction, the other in a negative direction. Signals produced in response to the modulated light can be processed to determine a direction in which a primary collection lens should be moved in order to improve a focus of the imaging system on the object. The lens is moved incrementally in the direction so determined, and the process is repeated until an optimal focus is achieved. In a preferred embodiment, the signals are weighted, so that the optical grating disposed closest to the optimal focus position contributes the most to velocity detection.

A power converter uses a control method to optimize efficiency by dynamically optimizing a controlled parameter. A change in efficiency of the converter after changing at least one controlled parameter is determined. The direction of change in efficiency of the converter is compared to a direction of the change in the controlled parameter. The controlled parameter is changed in a positive direction when the direction in the change in the efficiency of the converter and the direction of the change in the controlled parameter are the same and changed in a negative direction when the direction in the change in the efficiency of the converter and the direction of the change in the controlled parameter are opposite. The controlled parameters may include dead time between turn-on and turn-off and between turn-off and turn-on of the primary and corresponding secondary side switches of the controller, drive voltage(s) for the switches, and intermediate bus voltages.

Provided are a bi-directional scanning type gate line driving circuit that does not require a dummy unit shift register and a method of driving the same. In a gate line driving circuit including a multi-stage shift register capable of bi-directional shifting, a start pulse is input to a unit shift register at a first stage and a unit shift register at the last stage of the multi-stage shift register. In forward shifting, a clock signal supplied to the unit shift register at the last stage is kept at a deactivation level during a period from a time at which an activation period of an output signal of the unit shift register at the last stage ends to a time at which the start pulse is activated during a subsequent frame period.

The present invention relates to a calibration circuit, computer program product, and method of calibrating a junction temperature measurement of a semiconductor element, wherein respective forward voltages at junctions of the semiconductor element and a reference temperature sensor are measured, and an absolute ambient temperature is determined by using the reference temperature sensor, and the junction temperature of the semiconductor element is predicted based on the absolute ambient temperature and the measured forward voltages.

A bidirectional shift register in which an operation margin is not lowered when a shift direction of a signal is switched is provided. A unit shift register SRk at one stage of a plurality of stages of shift registers includes a gate line drive unit, a forward shift unit, and backward shift unit each capable of operating as one-stage shift register. The gate line drive unit outputs a gate line drive signal Gk to a gate line GLk in response to a previous-stage forward signal Gnk−1 and a subsequent-stage backward signal Grk+1. The forward shift unit performs only forward shift to output a forward signal Gnk to the subsequent-stage in response to the previous-stage forward signal Gnk−1, and the backward shift unit performs only backward shift to output a backward signal Grk to the previous-stage in response to the subsequent-stage backward signal Grk+1.

A method and apparatus for driving LED's is disclosed, comprising the steps of receiving a desired intensity value, wherein the desired intensity value represents the desired intensity for the LED's; generating a first switching control signal, wherein the first switching control signal is a pulse width modulated signal whose duty cycle is based on the desired intensity value; switching the LED's on and off based on the first switching control signal, wherein the switching takes place when the desired intensity value is less than a first desired intensity value threshold; generating a desired constant current value based on the desired intensity value, wherein the desired constant current value represents the value of the desired constant current to drive the LED's; determining an actual constant current value, wherein the actual constant current value represents the value of the actual constant current driving the LED's; comparing the actual constant current value with the desired constant current value; and adjusting the output of the primary drive of the LED's so that the actual constant current value is equal to the desired constant current value. A system for providing LED backlighting of a display is also disclosed, comprising a first constant current source driver, wherein the constant current source driver comprises a primary drive and a step-up circuit; a first series connection of LED's, wherein the LED's are driven by the first constant current driver; and wherein the first constant current source provides a forward voltage of 42 volts or greater to drive the first series connection of LED's.

In forward direction pulse shift, by turning off a sixteenth transistor, a through-current is prevented from flowing between the fifth transistor and the seventh transistor. In backward direction pulse shift, by turning off the fifteenth transistor, a through-current is prevented from flowing between the fifth and sixth transistors. Thus, a potential variation in an output signal of a shift register between the forward direction pulse shift and the backward direction pulse shift is prevented.

The linear guide apparatus includes a guide rail 3 including a rolling body rolling groove 8 and a friction apply unit 6 assembled to the guide rail 3. The friction apply unit 6 includes a unit main body 15, a brake member 16, an oil pressure cylinder 17 and a plate spring 32. The brake member 16 is disposed so as to face the side surface 3a of the guide rail 3 and can be contacted with the other portions of the side surface 3a than the rolling body rolling groove 8 thereof. The oil pressure cylinder 17 includes a piston member 20 which is structured to be driven in a positive direction to thereby press the brake member 16 against the side surface 3a of the guide rail 3 and also the piston member 20 can be driven in the opposite direction to thereby remove the pressure of the brake member 16 from the side surface 3a.

A PIM measurement circuit enables making forward and reverse PIM measurements on any 1 port (reflection) or 2 port (transmission) device with the ability to determine in distance where individual PIM impairments are located as well as their magnitude. The PIM measurement circuit includes two frequency sources that are provided through a combiner for a CW characterization of the PIM circuit. To enable distance determination, an FM measurement is created by using a saw tooth offset sweep generator attached to one of the two frequency sources. With downconversion and processing of signals from the PIM impairments, the FM signal provides a frequency variation that is converted using a Fourier transform or spectrum analysis for separation of frequencies, enabling determination of the distance of the PIM sources as well as their magnitudes.

In forward direction pulse shift, by turning off a sixteenth transistor, a through-current is prevented from flowing between the fifth transistor and the seventh transistor. In backward direction pulse shift, by turning off the fifteenth transistor, a through-current is prevented from flowing between the fifth and sixth transistors. Thus, a potential variation in an output signal of a shift register between the forward direction pulse shift and the backward direction pulse shift is prevented.

The invention discloses a shift register, a gate electrode integrated drive circuit and a display device. The shift register is characterized by further comprising a compensation signal end, wherein the compensation signal end serves as a low level signal end in a scanning period, and serves as an up level signal end in a non-scanning period; the compensation signal end is connected with the first output end of a first pull-down unit and the second output end of a pull-down control unit; the first control end of the first pull-down unit is connected with a second clock signal end; the third control end of the pull-down control unit is connected with a first clock signal end. Therefore, forward drifting, generated in the scanning period, of the threshold voltage between the first control end and the first output end of the first pull-down unit, and negative drifting, generated in the non-scanning period, of the threshold voltage between the first control end and the first output end of the first pull-down unit cancel each other; likewise, forward drifting, generated in the scanning period, of the threshold voltage between the third control end and the second output end of the pull-down control unit, and negative drifting, generated in the non-scanning period, of the threshold voltage between the third control end and the second output end of the pull-down control unit cancel each other, that is, the problem that the shift register has high probability of failures caused by drifting of threshold voltage is solved.

An apparatus and method for localizing a mobile robot are provided. The method includes building a forward image map including features extracted according to position at which the mobile robot takes forward images and feature descriptors of the extracted features, and localizing the mobile robot on the basis of features extracted from a newly input forward image and the built forward image map.

One illustrative method for use in controlling user interface operation of a communication device when visually displaying a map involves the steps of causing a viewable map region of the map to be visually displayed in a display, the viewable map region having a plurality of selectable map elements; maintaining a list of element identifiers which includes element identifiers corresponding to the selectable map elements in the viewable map region, each element identifier being associated with a pair of x, y coordinates for visual display; controlling end user selection of the selectable map elements via a positioning mechanism in left and right directions in accordance with a numeric order of the x-coordinates; controlling end user selection of the selectable map elements via the positioning mechanism in up and down directions in accordance with a numeric order of the y-coordinates; and repeating the acts of causing, maintaining, and controlling for a next viewable map region of the map having a next plurality of selectable map elements. The end user selection may be controlled specifically by monitoring to detect a forward (or reverse) direction positioning signal from the positioning mechanism; in response to detecting the forward (or reverse) direction positioning signal: causing a cursor in the display to be moved in a forward (or reverse) direction so as to select a next (or previous) selectable map element in the viewable map region, but if a last (or first) selectable map element in the viewable map region is currently selected when the forward (or reverse) direction positioning signal is detected, causing the viewable map region of the map to be panned in the display in the forward (or reverse) direction.

A life test device comprises an oven, a current source, a voltage meter, a control module, and a process module. A light-emitting diode (LED) is disposed in the oven. The temperature of the oven is gradually changed in a first period and remains at a set temperature in a second period. The current source provides a first current and a second current to the LED. The voltage meter measures forward voltages of the LED. The control module controls the current source to output the first or second current to the LED and controls the voltage meter to measure the forward voltages of the LED. The process module calculates a junction temperature of the LED according to the forward voltages and a variation relationship formula between the forward voltages and the temperature of the oven.

A method for strengthening radars, laser radars and cameras for vehicle power estimation and a system for using a stationary object to estimate vehicle power comprising vehicle locations and speeds are disclosed. The system comprises an object sensor which provides an object signal of the stationary object, and also comprises a built-in sensor which provides a signal indicative of vehicle movement. The system also comprises a correlativity processor which receives the object signal and offers object track via a plurality of data frames. The system further comprises a longitudinal state estimation processor which receives the object signal and the sensor signal, and which provides positive correction for the vehicle speeds. The system also comprises a horizontal state estimation processor which receives the object signal and the sensor signal, and which provides horizontal correction for the vehicle speeds.

The invention discloses a method and a device for full-wave-shape inversion based on a time domain-step velocity-stress elastic wave equation, wherein the method includes: adopting an adjoint method based on the perturbation theory, and confirming the adjoint equation of the time domain-step velocity-stress elastic wave equation and a corresponding gradient expression, in regard to model parameters, of an objective functional; conforming a forward-propagating wave field according to the time domain-step velocity-stress elastic wave equation, and conforming an inverse time extrapolation adjoint wave field according to the adjoint equation; confirming the gradient, in regard to the model parameters, of the objective functional according to the forward-propagating wave field, the inverse time extrapolation adjoint wave field and the gradient expression; and using a gradient iterative algorithm to carry out multi-scale full-wave-shape inversion. According to the method for the full-wave-shape inversion, before transmitted in an inverse-time mode, a wave field residual error does not need pretreatment, the conversion problems of particle velocity and particle displacement do not need to be considered, and inversion calculation efficiency can be improved.

A car navigation device using a forward real video and a control method thereof are disclosed. The car navigation device using a forward real video along the travel direction of a vehicle, comprises a camera that photographs the forward real video and outputs the photographed video on a screen, a GPS receiver that receives current position information of the vehicle from a satellite, and a navigation main module that receives the current position information of the vehicle from the GPS receiver, obtains more accurate current position information through calibration using a speed sensor and a gyro, extracts TBT information based on the obtained accurate current position information and user's set destination point information by a general method, and overlays the TBT information on the screen containing the forward real video along the direction of a destination point.