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1184 results about "Variable resistance" patented technology

A string potentiometer is a multi-turn potentiometer operated by an attached reel of wire turning against a spring, enabling it to convert linear position to a variable resistance. User-accessible rotary potentiometers can be fitted with a switch which operates usually at the anti-clockwise extreme of rotation.

Current limit for multiphase power converters

Described embodiments include a control circuit with a first comparator having a first comparator input receiving a first threshold voltage, and a second comparator input coupled to an output voltage terminal. A second comparator has a third comparator input receiving a second threshold voltage, and a fourth comparator input coupled to a current output terminal. A first logic circuit provides a true signal at its output responsive to a particular number of its inputs receiving a true input. A second logic circuit has inputs coupled to the first comparator output, and to the first logic output. A variable resistance circuit has an output coupled to a mode detection output. An amplifier has inputs coupled to the variable resistance circuit output, and a third reference voltage source. A duty cycle generation circuit provides a respective pulse width modulation (PWM) signal at each of its respective duty cycle outputs.
Owner:TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC

Method and processing device for improving laser-assisted sintering contact uniformity

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and discloses a method for improving laser-assisted sintering contact uniformity and a processing device. The method comprises the steps that a probe presses a main grid of a first area on the front face of a battery piece, first laser power is used for scanning a second area on the front face of the battery piece in a laser scanning mode in the fine grid direction, first reverse bias voltage is applied to the battery piece, and a variable resistor adjusts the resistance value of the variable resistor according to the distance between scanning point positions and the probe so as to balance the bias voltage difference of different scanning point positions; performing laser-assisted sintering on the second area; the probe presses a main grid of a second area on the front face of the battery piece, laser scanning is conducted on a first area on the front face of the battery piece in the fine grid direction through second laser power, second reverse bias voltage is applied to the battery piece, the resistance value of the variable resistance piece is adjusted according to the distance between the scanning point position and the probe, and laser-assisted sintering of the first area is completed. According to the method, the bias voltage difference of different scanning point positions can be balanced, the interface contact difference of different areas can be balanced, and the battery performance and effect can be improved.
Owner:JOLYWOOD (TAIZHOU) SOLAR TECHNOLOGY CO LTD +1

Compensation device based on magnetic suspension motor and eddy current displacement sensor

The utility model provides a compensation device based on a magnetic suspension motor and an eddy current displacement sensor, which belongs to the technical field of magnetic suspension motor unbalanced signal extraction and suppression and comprises a differential eddy current displacement sensor, a nonlinear compensation circuit, a digital signal processor, an eddy current effect compensation circuit and an upper computer. The differential eddy current displacement sensor is used for acquiring displacement information and rotor temperature of a rotor of the magnetic suspension motor, and temperature compensation is carried out on the displacement information of the rotor by adopting a temperature compensation circuit built in the differential eddy current displacement sensor according to a temperature compensation control signal of the upper computer; and the upper computer is used for correspondingly obtaining a resistance value of a variable resistor Rt in the temperature compensation circuit according to the rotor temperature and the environment temperature when receiving the rotor temperature, and sending a temperature compensation control signal to the differential eddy current displacement sensor according to the resistance value of the variable resistor Rt. According to the invention, the accuracy of signal acquisition under complex conditions is ensured.
Owner:NORTHEASTERN UNIV CHINA

Circuit for a CAM

The invention relates to a circuit with a CMOS inverter and a variable resistor (R). fb ), where the variable resistance (R fb ) the entrance (V in ) of the CMOS inverter with the output (V out ) electrically connects the CMOS inverter. The invention also relates to a camera with such a circuit. This makes it possible to realize a circuit that can function both like an analog camera and like a digital camera.
Owner:FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH

Semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same

A semiconductor device may include: a first conductive line including an opening passing through the first conductive line; a second conductive line disposed over the first conductive line and spaced apart from the first conductive line; a first electrode layer buried in the opening; a selector layer disposed in the opening and surrounding side surfaces of the first electrode layer; and a variable resistance layer disposed over the selector layer and the first electrode layer.
Owner:SK HYNIX INC

Receiver front-end circuit

The present disclosure provides a receiver front-end circuit including: first and second input units that alternately operate according to a common mode voltage of a differential input signal and output a differential output signal; a variable resistance unit that adjusts a differential load resistance supplied to the differential output signal according to the variable resistance control signal; and a control unit generating a variable resistance control signal according to a common mode voltage of the differential input signal. According to the receiver front-end circuit disclosed by the invention, the receiving of the differential input signal with a wider common-mode voltage range can be realized under low power supply voltage, and the output amplitude of the generated differential output signal does not change greatly along with the change of the common-mode voltage of the differential input signal; therefore, the compatibility of the receiver is improved, and the power consumption is reduced.
Owner:NOREL SYSTEMS LIMITED

Circuits with Charge Trapping Transistors

There is described a two-terminal multi-level memristor element synthesised from binary memristors, which is configured to implement a variable resistance based on unary or binary code words. There is further described a circuit such as a synapse circuit implemented using a multi-level memristor element. There is further described programmable resistance cells using charge-trapping-transistors (CTTs) and analog signal processing circuits using CTTs to provide tuneability.
Owner:CIRRUS LOGIC INT SEMICON LTD

Low power capacitor sensor array

A capacitive sensor and capacitive sensing method including driver device having first input configured to receive clock signal, second input configured to receive charging voltage, third input configured to receive common-mode voltage, and output; first capacitor configured to be sensed, having first terminal connected to output of driver device and second terminal; and receiver device having first input configured to receive clock signal, second input connected to second terminal of first capacitor, and third input configured to receive the common mode voltage, wherein the receiver includes a temperature-compensated analog-to-digital converter (ADC), wherein the temperature-compensated ADC includes a voltage reference generator, and wherein the voltage reference generator includes a comparator, a first p-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) transistor, a second p-channel MOS transistor, a third p-channel MOS transistor a first variable resistor, a second variable resistor, a third variable resistor, a fourth variable resistor, a first diode, and a second diode.
Owner:RAYTHEON CO

Intelligent processing system and method for magnetoelectric tachometric transducer

The invention discloses an intelligent processing system and method for a magnetoelectric tachometric transducer, and relates to the technical field of engine control, the system comprises an electronic control unit, a signal acquisition circuit, an amplification circuit and a signal calculation circuit; the signal acquisition circuit is used for acquiring a voltage signal output by the magnetoelectric rotating speed sensor; the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the voltage signal to obtain an amplified signal; the signal calculation circuit is used for calculating the rotating speed of the engine at the second moment according to the amplified signal; the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the voltage and comprises a numerical control variable resistor; the resistance value of the numerical control variable resistor is controlled by the electronic control unit, the amplification factor is adjusted by adjusting the resistance value, when the rotating speed is low and the signal is weak, the signal amplification factor is large to ensure that the signal can be normally detected, and when the rotating speed is high and the signal is strong, the signal amplification factor is small to reduce the interference signal.
Owner:BEIJING INST OF TECH

Semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same

A semiconductor device may include: a plurality of word lines extending in a first direction; a plurality of bit lines extending in a second direction, a plurality of memory cells disposed at intersections of the plurality of word lines and the plurality of bit lines, respectively, each memory cell structured to include a variable resistance element configured to store data by exhibiting different resistance values and a selection element connected to the variable resistance element in series to selectively connect or disconnect the variable resistance element to the pair of the corresponding bit line and word line; and a boosting line connected to a portion of the selection element that is between one end of the selection element, which is connected to one of the word line and the bit line, and another end of the selection element, which is connected to the variable resistance element.
Owner:SK HYNIX INC

Communication and powering system for an implanted smart device and uses of the same

A wearable device comprising a transmitter coil having variable transmission resistance, a first transmission impedance, and a second transmission impedance; an implanted device, comprising a receiver coil having a variable reception resistance, a first reception impedance, and a second reception impedance; wherein the transmitter coil can wirelessly transmit information over a variable frequency to the receiver coil when the variable resistance of the transmitter coil is tuned to the variable resistance of the receiver coil, the transmitter coil is configured to the first transmission impedance, and the receiver coil is configured to the first reception impedance; wherein the transmitter coil can wirelessly transmit power to the receiver coil when the transmitter coil is configured to the second transmission impedance and the receiver coil is configured to the second reception impedance; and wherein the transmitter coil can wirelessly transmit to the receiver coil of the implanted device using a magnetoquasistatic field.
Owner:PURDUE RES FOUND

Sliding bearing dynamic load measuring method

A sliding bearing dynamic load measuring method belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission. In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and low precision of the existing dynamic load measurement of the bearing, the method comprises the following steps of: measuring a bearing load value of a calibration point by adopting a loading measurement calibration device, and fitting the bearing load value into a voltage-load calibration curve; the resistance strain gauge is arranged at the stress sensitive position of the bearing seat, and when the resistance strain gauge generates a variable resistance value due to the deformation of the bearing seat, the strain bridge outputs a voltage signal; and according to a voltage signal output by the strain bridge, a corresponding load value, namely a dynamic load measurement value, is obtained in a voltage-load calibration curve. The device is used for carrying out load measurement on the bearing.
Owner:NO 703 RES INST OF CHINA SHIPBUILDING IND CORP

Resonance elimination circuit, method and device

The invention discloses a resonance elimination circuit, method and device, and relates to the technical field of circuits, and the circuit comprises a controller, a resonance elimination resistor and a switching circuit. Two ends of the resonance elimination resistor are respectively connected with the neutral point of the voltage transformer and the ground. The controller controls the switching circuit to be switched off when ferromagnetic resonance is detected, so that the resonance elimination resistor is connected to suppress resonance; after the fault disappears, the control switch is switched on, and the neutral point is directly grounded. The controller compares the neutral point current with a first threshold value to determine resonance generation, and determines fault disappearance when the current is smaller than a second threshold value. And when the resonance elimination resistor is a variable resistor, the controller adjusts the resistance value according to the current change rate and a pre-learned mapping relation. The switching circuit can adopt a switching tube or a relay, and the controller realizes switching by controlling the switching tube to be turned off or a relay coil to be powered off. The circuit can rapidly suppress ferromagnetic resonance, guarantee system stability and improve fault processing efficiency.
Owner:LANGFANG POWER SUPPLY COMPANY STATE GRID JIBEI ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY +1

Transmitter and gain temperature compensation circuit thereof

The invention provides a transmitter and a gain temperature compensation circuit thereof, and the output end of a temperature detection circuit is connected with the control end of a variable resistance circuit. The variable resistance circuit is connected in parallel with the input end of a power amplifier in the transmitter; the temperature detection circuit outputs a control signal to the variable resistance circuit according to the detected temperature and adjusts the resistance value of the variable resistance circuit; by introducing the variable resistance circuit and the temperature detection circuit and dynamically adjusting the resistance value according to the temperature change, the adjustment of the load in the transmitter can be effectively realized, so that the gain is kept relatively constant under different temperature conditions, and the design not only improves the stability and reliability of the circuit, but also improves the reliability of the circuit. And the performance of the circuit under different environmental conditions is optimized, the power consumption of the transmitter is reduced, the working point of a transistor in the transmitter is not influenced, and the performance of the transmitter is relatively stable.
Owner:ANHUI LISTENAI CO LTD

Device and method for measuring velocity field of autoclave through hot-pressing wind speed

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the velocity field of an autoclave through hot-pressing wind speed. The device comprises a thermosensitive probe, a Wheatstone bridge, a lock-in amplifier, an NI multi-channel data acquisition card and a computer, the thermosensitive probe is used for instantaneously detecting the temperature of a placement point position and generating resistance fluctuation based on sensing temperature change; the Wheatstone bridge is formed by connecting a fixed resistor, a variable resistor and a thermosensitive probe, and is used for forming a series circuit with the lock-in amplifier; the lock-in amplifier is used for supplying power to the Wheatstone bridge and providing co-frequency voltage at the same time, so that resistance data of a thermosensitive probe in the Wheatstone bridge is converted into voltage data to be output; the NI multi-channel data acquisition card is used for acquiring in-phase component voltage signals output by the lock-in amplifier; the computer is used for processing the voltage data to obtain the average speed and the pulsation speed of the measurement point. According to the invention, the problems of limited precision, insufficient sensitivity and poor adaptability to the internal environment of the autoclave in the conventional gas speed measurement method are solved.
Owner:TONGJI UNIV

Adaptive ringing clamp

A circuit includes a first transistor and a ringing control circuit. The first transistor is coupled between a power terminal and a switching terminal. The first transistor includes a first control terminal. The ringing control circuit is coupled between the power terminal and the first control terminal. The ringing control circuit includes a second transistor and a variable resistance circuit. The second transistor is coupled between the power terminal and the first control terminal. The second transistor has a second control terminal. The variable resistance circuit is coupled between the second control terminal and the switching terminal. The variable resistance circuit includes a control input coupled to the power terminal.
Owner:TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC

Solid waste treatment device

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste environment-friendly treatment, and particularly discloses a solid waste treatment device. A placing frame and a conveying belt; and the collecting mechanism is arranged on one side of the placing frame, and the collecting mechanism can collect the magnetic substances. The magnetic material collecting device at least has the following beneficial effects that through arrangement of a collecting mechanism and a variable resistance mechanism, a fixed motor is started to drive a rotating roller and a conveying belt to rotate, magnetic materials fall into a collecting box along with movement of the conveying belt, and after a first contact plate gets close to a proximity switch, a micro motor is started to drive a sealing plate to move upwards through a rotating lead screw; magnetic substances in the collecting box fall into a temporary storage box, the temporary storage box under gravity moves downwards to extrude a gas plate, gas enters a pneumatic pipe through a three-way valve to push a pneumatic rod to move, the pneumatic rod moves to push a sliding block of a sliding rheostat to move to change resistance, and therefore the power of a fixed motor is changed.
Owner:张志华 +1

Multiply and accumulate calculation device, neuromorphic device, and multiply and accumulate calculation method

A multiply and accumulate calculation device including a variable resistor array unit having a plurality of variable resistance elements, a reference array unit having a reference resistance element having a fixed resistance value, a signal input unit that generates an input signal from input data, and inputs the input signal to the variable and reference resistance elements, a first detection unit that detects a current flowing through the variable resistor array unit, based on the input signal applied to the variable resistance elements, a second detection unit that detects a current flowing through the reference array unit, based on the input signal applied to the reference resistance element, and a correction calculation unit that performs a predetermined calculation on the output from the first detection unit, based on the output from the second.
Owner:TDK CORP

System and method for controlling a multi-phase power inverter of an electrical machine

A gate driver system for a multi-phase inverter includes a gate controller, a gate driver circuit, and a hybrid switch power module integrated into a phase leg of the multi-phase inverter. The hybrid switch power module includes a first semiconductor switch connected in parallel with a second semiconductor switch. The first semiconductor switch has first conduction characteristics, while the second semiconductor switch has second performance characteristics. The gate driver circuit includes a gate driver, a first variable resistance circuit, and a second variable resistance circuit. The first variable resistance circuit is powered by a first low-voltage DC power bus, while the second variable resistance circuit is powered by a second low-voltage DC power bus.The first variable resistance circuit is connected to a first gate of the first semiconductor switch, while the second variable resistance circuit is connected to a second gate of the second semiconductor switch.
Owner:GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Signal processing circuit and integrated circuit

The embodiment of the invention provides a signal processing circuit and an integrated circuit. The signal processing circuit includes: a first amplification branch including a first operational amplifier and a first resistance network connected to the first operational amplifier; a detection branch coupled to an input of the first amplification branch, the detection branch comprising a variable resistor and configured to detect a common mode component input to the first amplification branch and generate a compensation signal based on the common mode component and a resistance value of the variable resistor; and an adjustment branch coupled between the detection branch and the first amplification branch and configured to adjust the compensation signal and apply the adjusted signal to the first amplification branch to reduce an input deviation of the first operational amplifier, the input deviation being associated with a resistance mismatch and a common mode component of the first resistance network.
Owner:3PEAK INC

Semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same

A semiconductor device may include: a first conductive line; a second conductive line disposed over the first conductive line to be spaced apart from the first conductive line; a variable resistance layer disposed over the first conductive line and below the second conductive line; at least one of a first dielectric layer or a second dielectric layer; at least one of a first contact or a second contact; and at least one of a first doped selector layer or a second doped selector layer.
Owner:SK HYNIX INC

High-side driving circuit, electronic equipment, vehicle and control method

The invention discloses a high-side driving circuit, an electronic device, a vehicle and a control method. False triggering of a short-circuit protection mechanism is avoided. The high-side driving circuit comprises a power distribution circuit, a sampling circuit and a fault protection circuit, the power distribution circuit comprises a PMOS transistor and a first resistance circuit; the grid electrode of the PMOS tube is grounded through the first resistance circuit, the drain electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with a load, and the source electrode of the PMOS tube and the input end of the fault protection circuit are connected with a power supply; the output end of the fault protection circuit is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube; the sampling circuit is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tube and the ground; the output end of the sampling circuit and the control end of the fault protection circuit are connected to the control unit; the control unit judges whether load short circuit occurs or not according to the sampling voltage, if not, the fault protection circuit is forbidden to output voltage, and if yes, the fault protection circuit is controlled to convert input voltage into target voltage to be output; the PMOS tube is in a variable resistance region when the fault protection circuit has no voltage output, and enters a cut-off region when the PMOS tube outputs a target voltage.
Owner:BEIJING CO WHEELS TECH CO LTD

Radiation dose detection device and radiation dose detection method

A radiation dose detection device includes: a power supply circuit that outputs a power supply voltage; a temperature sensor unit that functions as a first current source that outputs a first current dependent on the ambient temperature, using the power supply voltage; a radiation sensor unit that functions as a second current source that outputs a second current dependent on the dose of radiation to the radiation dose detection device, using the power supply voltage; and a detection circuit that outputs a first signal indicating the temperature corresponding to the magnitude of the first current, and a second signal indicating the dose of radiation corresponding to the magnitude of the second current. The temperature sensor unit includes one or more resistance change elements each including a variable resistance layer containing a transition metal oxide. The second current source includes a transistor.
Owner:NUVOTON TECH CORP JAPAN

Communication system and communication device

The invention discloses a communication system and a communication device. The communication system comprises a bus, a resistor module, a temperature sensor and a controller. And the bus is connected with the equipment. The resistance module is disposed on a communication line between the bus and the device, the resistance module including a variable resistor. The temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the resistor module. The controller determines the current resistance value of the resistor module based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor so as to adjust the resistance value of the variable resistor, so that the resistance of the bus is consistent with the resistance of the communication line. Therefore, the communication system can automatically adjust the resistance value of the variable resistor according to the change of the ambient temperature to achieve impedance matching, thereby avoiding oscillation of signals in a bus and a communication line, further improving the communication reliability of the communication system, and ensuring the normal operation of the communication system.
Owner:BYD CO LTD

Self-adaptive ripple suppression circuit based on metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)

The invention provides a self-adaptive ripple suppression circuit based on an MOSFET, and relates to the technical field of electronic circuits. The circuit comprises an input alternating current end EMC filtering surge protection circuit, a rectification circuit, an absorption protection filtering circuit, a clamping absorption circuit, a detection protection circuit, a control circuit, a power follow current circuit, an output filtering circuit, a stroboflash removing circuit and an LED load circuit which are connected in sequence. Under the condition that the MOSFET self-adaptive ripple suppression circuit is in a working state, voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor is fed back to a grid electrode and a source electrode of the MOS tube, on-resistance of the MOS tube is adjusted through change of the sampling voltage on the basis of the characteristic that the MOS tube works in a variable resistance area, and output current ripples are dynamically suppressed. The circuit has excellent adaptive capacity, can dynamically suppress output current ripples in a wide load range through a simple simulation negative feedback loop, and is quick in response.
Owner:GUANGDONG PAK CORP CO LTD

Boost circuit and electronic device

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of circuits, and provide a boost circuit and an electronic device, which can solve the problem of a device being easily damaged in a surge voltage scenario. The boost circuit comprises: a first inductor and a second inductor; at least two first switch transistors, which are sequentially connected in series between a second end of the second inductor and a positive electrode of a busbar; at least two second switch transistors, which are sequentially connected in series between the second end of the second inductor and a negative electrode of the busbar; and a first capacitor which is electrically connected between a first node and a corresponding second node. At least one of the at least two first switch transistors and the at least two second switch transistors is connected in parallel with a corresponding variable resistor device, the variable resistor device being a device which changes from a high resistance state to a conducting state when the voltage difference between two ends exceeds a voltage threshold. The at least two first switch transistors and the at least two second switch transistors are used for cutting off when a current on the first inductor exceeds a current threshold.
Owner:HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

Impedance matching method and system for chip test, electronic equipment and medium

PendingCN121856761AImprove impedance matching accuracyDeal effectively with uncertaintyElectronic circuit testingElectric devicesElectrical connectionImpedance matching
The invention discloses an impedance matching method and system for chip testing, electronic equipment and a medium, and relates to the technical field of data processing. The method comprises the following steps: establishing electrical connection between a test probe and a to-be-tested chip test point, and sending a preset detection signal; acquiring incident power and reflection power of the detection signal; calculating a first signal reflection coefficient based on the incident power and the reflection power, and determining an impedance deviation value and an adjustment direction according to a difference value between the first signal reflection coefficient and a preset standard reflection coefficient; determining a parameter adjustment step length according to the impedance deviation value; sequentially adjusting a variable resistor, a variable capacitor and a variable inductor in the impedance matching network according to the step length and the adjusting direction; detecting a second signal reflection coefficient when the impedance real part and imaginary part of the variable element reach the target range; and judging whether the second signal reflection coefficient converges to a preset range, and if yes, taking the current matching network parameter as an impedance matching result. By implementing the technical scheme provided by the invention, the impedance matching accuracy of the chip test can be improved.
Owner:SUZHOU DEGA STORAGE TECH CO LTD

Multi-input RF LNA with unified feedback path and passive gain path systems and methods

Circuits and methods include amplification circuitry coupled to a plurality of input signal paths and an output signal path and a unified signal path combining a feedback path couplable between a feedback node in the output signal path and the input signal path via a plurality of input switches and a passive gain path couplable between the feedback node in the output signal path and one or more input signal paths through the input switch. The circuit may include a first capacitor and a variable resistor coupled in series and a second capacitor coupled in series with a feedback path switch and a power supply rejection resistor. The passive gain path may further include a shunt switch coupled in series between a plurality of bypass switches to form a T-switch. A fast charging switch may be configurable to couple a second capacitor to a reference potential during a state change of the unified signal path.
Owner:PSEMI CORP

Matching circuit for bridge-driven ultrasonic transducer

The utility model discloses a matching circuit used for a bridge type driving ultrasonic transducer, comprising an isolation transformer and at least one inductance switching unit, an input loop of the at least one inductance switching unit is connected with an enable signal of a controller, and an output loop is connected with an output signal of a secondary side of the isolation transformer. The primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the output end of the bridge circuit, and the output end of at least one inductance switching unit is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic transducer. According to the matching circuit, tuning matching is achieved through series connection of the inductors, variable resistance matching is achieved by adding the isolation transformer, the isolation effect is achieved at the same time, and after matching, the piezoelectric ceramic driving circuit works more stably, and the working efficiency is higher.
Owner:WUHAN YIRUIDE MEDICAL EQUIP

Exercise apparatus with dynamic in-repetition motor induced resistance

A resistance exercise system having, in certain embodiments, a DC power supply system, a DC motor connected to the DC power supply system, a drive section connected to a drive element, a resistance delivery element connected to the drive element, and an extractable exercise resistance delivery section, a predetermined variable resistance section intermediate the DC power supply system and DC motor, an electrical condition sensor, and a variable resistance section control in communication with the electrical condition sensor and the predetermined variable resistance section. In some embodiments, the resistance exercise system includes a computing facility providing the ability to configure the exercise system to provide predetermined static or variable exercise resistance during exercise, and for example, during a positive or negative exercise stroke. Some embodiments allow users to create and, if desired, display varying and complex resistance exercise routines with or without use of resistance weights.
Owner:BIRD JOHN M