194 results about "Smart surfaces" patented technology

A reflective device includes a control element, and a reflective surface with a plurality of reflective elements. Each reflective element of the plurality of reflective elements includes an antenna element and a phase shifting arrangement and is under control of the control element so as to reflect a radio-frequency (RF) signal incident on the reflective surface with an adjustable phase shift. The plurality of reflective elements are connected to the control element via a cell selection bus system that interconnects the plurality of reflective elements.

A photovoltaic, PV, apparatus for the conversion of light into electrical energy is described. The PV apparatus has a surface to receive incident light, one or more PV elements in or at the surface, the PV element to convert light incident on the surface into electrical energy by the photovoltaic effect, and one or more reconfigurable intelligent surface, RIS, elements in or at the surface, the RIS element operating as reconfigurable intelligent surface, RIS, to direct or reflect one or more incident electromagnetic, EM, waves or one or more incident EM beams incident on the surface from an incident first direction into one or more outgoing EM waves or one or more outgoing EM beams propagating along at least one second direction.

A WTRU may detect a reflected SSB transmission from a RIS. The reflected SSB is associated with an index. The WTRU may determine a source device of the reflected SSB transmission based on the index. For example, the WTRU may determine that the reflected SSB transmission was reflected by the RIS based on the index associated with the RIS. The WTRU may perform a random access procedure with a network device via the RIS based on the index. The SSB transmission may be associated with an SSB burst transmission comprising a plurality of SSB transmissions, where each of the plurality of SSB transmissions may be associated with the index. The plurality of SSB transmissions may comprise SSB transmissions reflected by the RIS and / or SSB transmissions not reflected by the RIS. The spatial state of the RIS may be maintained constant and / or may change during the SSB burst transmission.

A functional fabric reconfigurable intelligent surface and communication system are disclosed.

Systems, apparatus, processes, and computer-readable media for wireless communication are disclosed. For example, according to aspects described herein, a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) may receive a configuration message including an indication to reduce a gain of at least a portion of a reflected beam. The RIS may generate reflection coefficients for a metadata element of the RIS based on the configuration message. The RIS may configure the metadata element based on the reflection coefficient. For example, based on configuring the metadata element, the RIS may generate or generate the reflected beam (e.g., a sensing reflected beam or an interfering reflected beam) by reflecting a sensing signal received from a sensing transmitter device.

A reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) includes one or more radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The one or more RFID tags may perform a function of a controller of the RIS. The one or more RFID tags receive a reference signal from a wireless communication device. The RIS may process the received reference signal, and the one or more RFID tags backscatter a response signal to the wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may also perform processing of the backscatter response. The processing includes measuring a channel from the wireless communication to the RFID tag. The processing also includes estimating a channel from the wireless communication to an element of the RIS. Based on the estimated channel, a beam matrix corresponding to the optimized weights of the RIS elements is determined and sent to the RIS.

Disclosed are techniques for communication. In an aspect, a wireless node (e.g., UE or BS) measures a first TOA of a first SRS-P from a UE, a second TOA of a reflection of a second SRS-P from the UE off of a first RIS, and a third TOA of a reflection of a third SRS-P from the UE off of a second RIS. The UE transmits, to a position estimation entity, measurement information based on the first, second and third TOAs. The position estimation entity determines a positioning estimate of the UE based at least in part on the measurement information.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications at a controller. The controller obtains, from a network entity, signaling indicating a configuration for a security signature for at least one reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The controller configures the at least one RIS according to the security signature.

The technology described herein is directed towards a reconfigurable intelligent surface that is controlled by an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model of a local tile controller. Adaptive shaping of a reconfigurable intelligent surface's geometry by the model produces a desired coverage pattern, including signal strength determined by a model-determined aperture of subarrays of unit cells, and beam direction via controlled phase shifts of the unit cells. Such on-demand reconfiguration adapts the surface for different operating conditions. Further, the model can repair (self-heal) a reconfigurable intelligent surface, by selecting a different aperture that does not include a failing subarray. Each model is locally trained based on local data, as well as federated learning data obtained from other models and aggregated at a centralized controller that learns a global model from the aggregated data. Model optimization via retraining is an ongoing process for continued model improvement.

Relay-aided intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs) are provided. A novel relay-aided intelligent surface architecture is described herein that has the potential of achieving the promising gains of IRSs with a much smaller number of elements, opening the door for realizing these surfaces in practice. A half-duplex or full-duplex relay is connected to one or more IRSs. This merges the gains of relays and reconfigurable surfaces and splits the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain between them. This architecture can then significantly reduce the required number of reconfigurable elements in the IRS(s) while achieving the same spectral efficiencies. Consequently, the proposed relay-aided intelligent surface architecture needs far less channel estimation / beam training overhead and provides enhanced robustness compared to traditional IRS solutions.

The invention discloses a shape memory polymer micro-nano column array preparation method based on femtosecond laser processing, and belongs to the technical field of bionic adhesive materials. According to the method, an epoxy resin type shape memory polymer serves as a matrix, an anodic aluminum oxide template and a femtosecond laser micromachining technology are combined, a nano-column array is formed through AAO template copying, then a micron-column array is formed on the surface of the template through femtosecond laser machining, and finally the micron-nano composite column array with the gecko foot imitating structure is obtained. The method has the advantages of being high in machining precision, high in structural controllability, simple in process, capable of achieving large-area preparation and the like, and is suitable for material preparation in the fields of bionic adhesion, micro-nano sensing, intelligent surfaces and the like.

A method of self-configuration of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for optimizing a gain of a reflected beam between a base station (BS) and a User Equipment (UE) includes acquiring, using power sensing capabilities of the RIS, a power profile through sequential activation of probing beams. An angular position of the BS and the UE is obtained by identifying power profile peaks in the acquired power profile. An optimal RIS configuration is computed locally according to the obtained angular position of the BS and U. The RIS is self-configured by setting the computed optimal RIS configuration.

The invention discloses a communication method based on a reconfigurable intelligent surface, a communication device based on the reconfigurable intelligent surface and a communication system based on the reconfigurable intelligent surface, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. Jointly optimizing a current beam forming vector and a current RIS reflection parameter of the sender according to a channel estimation result obtained in real time through a depth deterministic strategy gradient algorithm; a joint optimization model of beam forming and RIS parameters of a sender is established, a non-convex optimization problem is converted into a Markov decision process, efficient solution is realized through a depth deterministic policy gradient algorithm, and the transmission capability of communication can be improved. Furthermore, a reconfigurable intelligent surface technology is introduced, a reflection unit with independent amplitude-phase regulation and control capability is designed, the amplitude fixed limitation of a traditional passive RIS is broken through, double-fading path loss can be effectively overcome, and then the anti-interference performance of a communication system in complex electromagnetic environments such as high spectral density and high interference power can be improved.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A forwarding device (e.g., a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)) may transmit a capability message indicating one or more timing parameters associated with a time duration for the forwarding device to switch a set of forwarding elements from forwarding in a first direction to forwarding in a second direction. The forwarding device may receive, based on the indicated one or more timing parameters, one or more control messages that instructs the forwarding device to forward signal energy in the first direction during a first symbol period and to forward signal energy in the second direction during a second symbol period. The first symbol period may be different from the second symbol period. The forwarding device may include a primary array including a first set of forwarding elements and a secondary array including a second set of forwarding elements.

A beam control method for the intelligent surface device includes obtaining, by a network side device, first channel information of an active unit of the intelligent surface device, where the first channel information is channel information between the network side device and the active unit; obtaining second channel information of the active unit, where the second channel information is channel information between a terminal and the active unit; and determining control information of a unit array of the intelligent surface device based on the first channel information and the second channel information, where the unit array includes the active unit and a passive unit of the intelligent surface device.

A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) discovery information. The RIS discovery information may indicate the presence of the RIS. The WTRU may perform one or more first measurements on one or more first signals to determine a first measurement value. The WTRU may determine that the first measurement is less than a threshold. The WTRU may transmit a reservation request to the RIS based on the first measurement being less than the threshold. The WTRU may perform one or more second measurements of one or more second signals received via the RIS to determine a second measurement value. The WTRU may determine that the second measurement is less than the threshold. The WTRU may transmit an RIS configuration update request to the RIS based on the second measurement being less than the threshold.

A communication system includes a drone and a panel with a reconfigurable intelligent surface. The panel is connected to the drone using flexures that allow the orientation of the panel to be controlled. Changing the orientation of the panel, by controlling or configuring the flexures, allows an incident signal to be reflected in a reflection direction to a target location.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) may indicate an ability to maintain phase continuity across transmissions. The RIS may transmit a capability information message and receive control signaling indicating one or more conditions under which the RIS may maintain phase continuity. For example, the RIS may maintain phase continuity when the separation time between consecutive transmissions may be long enough for the RIS to change to an original configuration or original set of transmission parameters. In other cases, the RIS may maintain phase continuity when the same configuration or set of transmission parameters are used between consecutive transmissions, and the time between the transmissions does not exceed a threshold. The RIS may relay signals based on the one or more conditions.

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) may transmit a capability report associated with the RIS. The capability report may be associated with reflection and sensing capabilities of the RIS. A network node may obtain the capability report associated with the RIS. The network node may transmit a first configuration of resources associated with at least one RS and a second configuration of at least one mode associated with the reflection and sensing capabilities of the RIS. The at least one mode may be associated with the at least one RS. The at least one mode may include a hybrid sensing and reflection mode. The RIS may receive the first configuration of resources associated with the at least one RS and the second configuration of the at least one mode associated with the reflection and sensing capabilities of the RIS.

The present disclosure provides a reconfigurable intelligent surface, including: a receiving unit which receives subarray division setting information sent from a base station; a reconfigurable panel; and a processing unit, which divides, based on the subarray division setting information, the reconfigurable panel into M subarrays, where M is a positive integer greater than 1, wherein, the subarray division setting information is determined based on a distance between a target device and the reconfigurable panel, N subarrays of the M subarrays serve one target device, and N is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to M.

The invention relates to the field of intelligent surfaces and flexible electronics, and discloses a light-emitting structure with intelligent touch and light-transmitting display functions and a control system.The light-emitting structure sequentially comprises a stress buffer layer, a touch function layer and a light-transmitting surface layer from inside to outside, and the stress buffer layer is provided with a micron-sized corrugated structure; flexible photoelectric display modules are integrated in the troughs; the touch function layer is made of an elastomer material containing a nanowire network, and a micro hydraulic tactile feedback unit is embedded in the touch function layer; the light-transmitting surface layer is provided with micro-nano textures and is used for generating diffuse reflection on ambient light and presenting matte texture when no light is emitted from the interior. Excellent flexible stretching and curved surface adaptability are achieved through the corrugated structure and the lap joint sliding conductive network, and accurate touch control is ensured; millisecond-level local physical touch is provided through an electrostriction driving hydraulic amplification principle; the invisible display effect is achieved in combination with the light-transmitting skin, and the problems of mechanical failure and tactile feedback deficiency in vehicle-mounted curved surface interaction are solved.

NOMA uplink communications via Reconfigurable Intelligent surfaces are proposed based on the determination of Reconfigurable Intelligent surfaces sub-surface configurations compatible with NOMA successive interference cancellation requirements. For multiple sets of RIS sub-surfaces, the solution extends to reconfiguring user device to sub-channel attributions either in a coordinated mode or an uncoordinated mode based on a multi-player Multi- armed Bandit framework with zero-reward.

The present invention belongs to the field of computational electromagnetics and provides a multi-state simulation method for a reconfigurable intelligent surface to achieve the purpose of shortening the calculation time and reducing the memory consumption. First, obtain the unit model of the reconfigurable intelligent surface, expand the unit model to form a 3×3 characteristic sub-unit basic array, and regard it as an invariant geometric structure item, and regard the two-dimensional equivalent circuit model as a variable state description item. Then, extract the characteristics of the invariant geometric structure item and the variable state description item to obtain the system matrix of the reconfigurable intelligent surface and construct a system equation. Finally, solve the system equation to obtain the unknown electromagnetic field quantities to be solved, so as to calculate the electromagnetic characteristics of the reconfigurable intelligent surface and complete the multi-state simulation of the reconfigurable intelligent surface. The present invention effectively optimizes the repeated calculation part in the multi-state simulation process of the reconfigurable intelligent surface, significantly reduces the memory consumption, and greatly shortens the simulation time under the condition of ensuring the solution accuracy.

The invention provides a communication method and related equipment, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The method comprises the steps that the intelligent surface determines a first panel pattern of the intelligent surface and a weight value of each electromagnetic unit group in the first panel pattern according to first indication information configured by network equipment, the first panel pattern represents a grouping mode of a plurality of electromagnetic units, and each electromagnetic unit group comprises at least one electromagnetic unit; and controlling each electromagnetic unit group based on the first panel pattern and the weight value of each electromagnetic unit group in the first panel pattern, so as to forward the data from the sending end to the receiving end through the intelligent surface, thereby reducing independent control instructions for a large number of electromagnetic units, reducing the complexity and transmission delay of a communication system, and improving the communication efficiency. Energy efficiency and performance are balanced, and high throughput, low time delay and high energy efficiency of a communication system are realized.

The invention relates to a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS). Provided is an RIS capable of fitting a non-planar surface, the RIS comprising: a plurality of RIS unit cells; a plurality of accelerometers, each configured to detect accelerometer data of at least one of the RIS unit cells; and a controller configured to determine an operating condition of the RIS based on the detected accelerometer data of the RIS unit cell, and adjust one or more operating parameters based on the operating condition. A method of operating such an RIS is also provided in which each RIS unit cell includes a dedicated accelerometer configured to detect accelerometer data of the RIS unit cell.

The invention discloses a control method of an intelligent surface, the intelligent surface and a computer readable storage medium, the control method of the intelligent surface is applied to a vehicle infotainment device, the vehicle infotainment device comprises the intelligent surface, the intelligent surface comprises a plurality of graphic keys, an LED lamp and a vibration motor, the control method of the intelligent surface comprises the following steps: detecting a first action for any graphic key, and generating an electric signal; analyzing the electric signal, and generating a first light control signal and a vibration control signal; the LED lamp receives the first light control signal and carries out light display of graphic keys, and the light display is a preset light and character display style; and detecting a second action or a third action for the smart surface, and generating a corresponding change by the smart surface. Through cooperation of the three interaction modes, the system autonomously judges, selects and analyzes the actions of the user, the man-machine interaction modes of the user and the vehicle-mounted terminal are enriched, interaction becomes simple and rapid, and the experience feeling of the user is enhanced.

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) may receive a reflectance schedule associated with a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS), where the reflectance schedule indicates one or more incident-reflectance angle pairs and an indication of a time at which the one or more incident-reflectance angle pairs are activated at the RIS. The UE may transmit one or more sensing signals for reflection by the RIS based on the reflection schedule, wherein the one or more sensing signals are transmitted at one or more occasions during which at least one of the one or more incidence-reflection angle pairs that reflects the one or more sensing signals from the RIS to the target area is activated.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method generally including transmitting signaling that configures a time domain twiddle factor for at least one reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) to apply a time-varying reflection coefficient rotation, wherein the time domain twiddle factor is based on a Doppler frequency corresponding to a reflective link between the network entity and a user equipment (UE) via the at least one RIS; and communicating with the UE via the RIS after sending the signaling.