1302 results about "Energy delivery" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, and discloses a battery energy balanced distribution and optimization method, device and equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: performing multi-source parameter acquisition and feature decoupling on each single battery in a target battery pack to obtain a single battery state data set, and performing multi-band excitation scanning and impedance spectrum fitting to obtain internal features of the battery and decompose an attenuation trend to generate equivalent circuit model parameters; performing state mapping and capacity calculation based on the model parameters to obtain a performance evaluation result of the battery pack, and constructing an energy transfer network and identifying unbalanced propagation characteristics through performance difference analysis and consistency calculation; and temperature coupling calculation and compensation matrix reconstruction are carried out based on propagation characteristics, multi-path parallel balance control is realized, and an optimization result of the battery pack is obtained through voltage deviation calculation and polarization compensation. According to the method, the multi-dimensional characteristic parameters and the dynamic change characteristics are combined, and accurate control over battery pack equalization is achieved.

Provided are systems, devices, and methods for energy delivery to a patient to treat a medical condition. A system for delivering energy to a patient includes: a treatment device having one or more energy delivery elements. The treatment device can deliver energy, such as ultrasound energy, to a target location of the patient via the one or more energy delivery elements. The energy delivery to the target location treats a medical condition of the patient.

The invention provides a high-precision five-axis rotary table cooperative control method and system based on multi-closed-loop feedback, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a real-time acceleration signal of a five-axis rotary table, carrying out the spectrum analysis of the acceleration signal, determining a current resonant frequency drift range and a main frequency component, and carrying out the frequency spectrum analysis; dynamically simulating the turntable structure by adopting a pre-established finite element model, and predicting the vibration mode change trend of the structure by comparing the deviation between the modal frequency obtained by simulation and the actually measured signal spectrum; according to the vibration mode change trend, matching similar vibration mode modes from a pre-established rotary table vibration mode database, obtaining corresponding vibration energy transmission path distribution, and determining an energy transmission abnormal region by analyzing the distribution of energy on each transmission path to obtain vibration energy transmission characteristics; according to an optimized motion instruction of a five-axis turntable, the dynamic response of the turntable is estimated, vibration frequency domain characteristics are extracted, and frequency domain compensation parameters are generated in combination with a preset frequency domain error matrix.

Catheter apparatuses, systems, and methods for achieving renal neuromodulation by intravascular access are disclosed herein. One aspect of the present technology, for example, is directed to a treatment device having a multi-electrode array configured to be delivered to a renal blood vessel. The array is selectively transformable between a delivery or low-profile state (e.g., a generally straight shape) and a deployed state (e.g., a radially expanded, generally helical shape). The multi-electrode array is sized and shaped so that the electrodes or energy delivery elements contact an interior wall of the renal blood vessel when the array is in the deployed (e.g., helical) state. The electrodes or energy delivery elements are configured for direct and / or indirect application of thermal and / or electrical energy to heat or otherwise electrically modulate neural fibers that contribute to renal function or of vascular structures that feed or perfuse the neural fibers.

A method of controlling operation of an implantable blood pump includes attempting to restart a stopped implantable blood pump for a predetermined number of attempts with either power from an internal battery of a controller in communication with the implantable blood pump or transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS) power in communication with the internal battery and the implantable blood pump. Following the predetermined number of attempts, the method includes pausing attempting to restart the implantable blood pump and begin attempting to recharge the internal battery with TETS power.

The invention provides a monitoring method and system based on a digital twin remote intelligent protection device, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the synchronous processing and feature extraction of operation data, generating cross-device space-time alignment data, and enabling the operation data to be multi-source heterogeneous data collected from a plurality of devices; based on the space-time alignment data, constructing a multi-dimensional association relationship among the plurality of devices, the multi-dimensional association relationship being used for representing a potential fault propagation path among the devices; performing simulation verification on the multi-dimensional association relationship through a digital twinborn model, and determining root cause equipment and a propagation path of the implicit association fault; and generating a cooperative control instruction according to the root cause device and the propagation path, wherein the cooperative control instruction is used for indicating the root cause device to execute protection operation. By adopting the method, the hidden fault missing detection problem caused by energy transfer or control dependence between the devices can be explored based on the multi-dimensional incidence relation between the devices.

Systems and methods for delivering multiple ocular implants to reduce intraocular pressure are disclosed. The ocular implants can be implanted at multiple sites within a single human eye without requiring removal of the delivery apparatus from the eye. A system for delivering multiple ocular implants can include at least two implants preloaded within a delivery device and configured to be implanted within the eye, a metering device configured to transfer energy to the implants for delivery at selected locations within the eye, wherein the metering device is configured to meter a variable amount of energy for each implant delivery event in the eye. The system can further include an injector mechanism configured to serially engage and drive each of the implants.

The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Things control, and discloses an intelligent Internet of Things equipment linkage control method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting Internet of Things terminal data, converting the Internet of Things terminal data into a standardized space-time matrix, and carrying out the feature decoupling processing, and obtaining a high-dimensional feature vector; querying equipment information to calculate the energy transfer efficiency and the communication delay sensitivity of the equipment by using the high-dimensional feature vector so as to construct a dynamic knowledge graph of the Internet of Things equipment; carrying out fault signal injection on the dynamic knowledge graph, analyzing an abnormal propagation path of the equipment and the anti-interference capability of the equipment, and carrying out risk assessment on the Internet of Things equipment to obtain an equipment risk degree; an initial linkage strategy of the Internet of Things equipment is constructed, feasible strategies in the initial linkage strategy are identified, and a feasible strategy subset is obtained; and performing directed acyclic graph decomposition on the feasible strategy subset, performing dynamic resource allocation on decomposition task nodes, and executing a target task. According to the invention, the equipment linkage control collaboration of the intelligent Internet of Things can be improved.

The invention discloses a method for suppressing subsynchronous oscillation of a doubly-fed grid-connected system, and relates to the technical field of stability control of a power system, and the method comprises the specific steps: S100, extracting the amplitude and phase angle of a subsynchronous frequency component, S200, generating a rotor compensation current instruction according to the amplitude and phase angle of the subsynchronous frequency component and a dynamic gain, and S200, generating a rotor compensation current instruction according to the rotor compensation current instruction; s300, dynamically adjusting the gain according to the suppression ratio and the amplitude of the target magnetic field during operation, S400, calculating the feed-forward decoupling voltage, S500, calculating the suppression ratio after injection, and executing a hierarchical control strategy. Subsynchronous oscillation suppression from the electromagnetic essential level is realized, and by monitoring the subsynchronous component of the air-gap magnetic field in real time and injecting the anti-phase compensation current at the rotor side, the suppression efficiency of the subsynchronous oscillation is improved. Active interference of a stator magnetic field and a rotor magnetic field in a subsynchronous frequency band is cancelled, an energy transfer path of subsynchronous oscillation is directly blocked, oscillation forming conditions are destroyed, and a dynamic gain adjustment mechanism optimizes compensation intensity according to a real-time suppression effect so as to cope with 5-45Hz subsynchronous oscillation frequency change.

The invention discloses a new energy automobile body frame lightweight design method based on digital twinning, and relates to the technical field of new energy automobile body structure design and computer-aided engineering simulation, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, building a digital twinning body connected with a physical automobile body sensing system; s2, a dynamic precision topology network module is used for dynamically dividing a simulation precision area of the vehicle body frame according to the mechanical energy transmission path and the real-time sensing data. According to the new energy automobile body frame lightweight design method based on digital twinning, intelligent allocation of computing resources is realized through a dynamic precision topology network, and the computing burden of multi-physics coupling simulation is effectively reduced while precise prediction of a key structure is ensured; the sharp contradiction among the model precision, the real-time response and the optimization efficiency is effectively solved, and effective closed-loop iteration of the lightweight design is achieved under the complex constraint condition.

The invention relates to the technical field of state monitoring, in particular to an energy state monitoring deduction method and system based on digital twinning, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a power value and a direction to construct a chain structure map, marking a mutation point to extract a linkage path, screening out an abnormal path, screening an available index, and combining state behaviors to form an evolution trajectory. And comparing the measured data to generate a mapping result. According to the method, through cooperative calculation of the multi-period node power change direction and the response time difference, the energy transfer path relation is defined by utilizing the construction of an inter-node chain transmission structure, and the node coincidence frequency is superposed in the multi-path sudden change behavior time sequence intersection statistics to realize the judgment and elimination of the abnormal path; path availability screening is realized based on response direction consistency of terminal nodes in residual paths, and accuracy improvement of energy flow anomaly identification, continuity guarantee of path deduction results and verification of equipment response states are realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring, and particularly discloses a library body health monitoring and early warning system based on heterogeneous multi-source data fusion, and the system obtains library wall strain, environment wind load and three-dimensional deformation data in real time through a multi-source data collection module; high-risk, transitional and stable areas are divided by utilizing a space gridding layered mapping module and combining library body structure features, and risk sensitivity is improved through dynamic weight adjustment; the cross-frequency-domain association feature extraction module constructs a space-time-frequency domain feature matrix, fuses strain spectrum, wind load harmonic and deformation curvature data, and verifies feature credibility in combination with an adversarial generative network; the resonance risk dynamic identification module judges a resonance hot spot based on energy transfer path analysis and a modal cloud picture standing wave node line; and the closed-loop early warning module realizes graded early warning and strategy adaptive adjustment through encryption scanning, digital twin model iteration and dynamic threshold optimization.

The invention discloses a hydrocarbon fuel boiling point and quasi-critical parameter measurement and phase diagram drawing method. The method comprises the following steps: conveying a target substance to a calorimetric tube and heating the target substance to a target temperature; relevant parameters are monitored in real time; according to the parameters monitored in real time, the boiling point of the target substance is obtained based on heat transfer characteristics in the fluid phase change process; on the basis of an energy transfer model between the calorimetric tube and the fuel, a function of a target substance heat sink changing along with the temperature is obtained online; after the heat measuring pipe is cooled to the room temperature, the pressure is adjusted, and the steps continue to be executed to obtain functions of the boiling point of the target substance and the heat sink of the target substance changing along with the temperature under different pressures; based on a quasi-critical parameter measurement method, quasi-critical parameters of a target substance are obtained, and a P-T phase diagram of the target substance is drawn. The invention further discloses a device for hydrocarbon fuel boiling point and quasi-critical parameter measurement and phase diagram drawing. According to the method and the device, accurate measurement of the boiling point and the quasi-critical parameters and accurate drawing of the phase diagram can be realized.

The invention provides a dynamic cooperative speed regulation control system and method for a machine tool spindle and a feed shaft, and the method comprises the steps: building a spindle energy transmission model and a feed shaft load-motion model, and constructing a strong correlation coupling relation between the two through cutting power; collecting main shaft power, torque and rotating speed and feed shaft cutting force, acceleration and displacement data in real time, and fusing to generate a combined state vector; calculating spindle margin and time correction based on spindle actual power and torque, and identifying working condition abrupt change according to the joint state vector; the feeding speed and the cutting depth are dynamically adjusted with the spindle margin sum as the constraint condition, and a cooperative adjustment strategy is generated; and converting the cooperative adjustment strategy into a feed shaft motion instruction and executing the feed shaft motion instruction. By constructing a real-time coupling closed loop of'spindle power-torque-rotating speed 'and'feed shaft speed-acceleration-position', the spindle is always locked to operate in a maximum power-torque envelope efficient area, the speed of the feed shaft is dynamically adjusted according to the spindle margin, locked rotor is completely eradicated, and no-load is eliminated.

Methods and apparatus for energy management in data storage devices are provided. One such data storage device (DSD) includes a non-volatile memory (NVM), a set of hardware processing engines, and a power sensor to detect a total power consumption of the set of hardware processing engines. A processor is configured to determine an energy-per-processing event value for each of the set of processing engines based on total power consumption measurements and processing event duration values, then control energy delivery to the processing engines based on the energy-per-processing event values in accordance with an energy budget. In some examples, the DSD employs a least-squares procedure to estimate power-per-processing event values so the values can be determined without needing to measure individual power consumption of the processing engines. The power-per-processing event values are converted to energy-per-processing event values based on corresponding processing event durations. A recursive least-squares update procedure is also described.

A method for mid-intensity non-ablative acoustic treatment of injured tissue is disclosed. The method involves continuously moving an ultrasound probe across an extracorporeal skin surface while emitting non-ablative therapeutic ultrasound into the injured tissue in a non-ablative therapeutic ultrasound beam profile. The method terminates energy delivery if movement speed is below a speed threshold. The non-ablative therapeutic ultrasound beam profile provides substantially uniform heating throughout a treatment volume. The heating is non-ablative and triggers a healing response in the injured tissue.

The invention discloses a dynamic identification system and method for fault nodes of a heat pump measurement and control network, and aims to solve the problems of one-sided weight distribution, lack of directional modeling and insufficient dynamic adaptability in the prior art. The system comprises an energy transfer topology network model building module which is used for respectively quantifying the physical connection strength and the directional energy transfer path of the heat pump system by building an undirected graph and directed graph bimodal model; the multi-dimensional weight distribution module adopts a subjective and objective fusion strategy and combines a complex network theory, an entropy weight method and an analytic hierarchy process to distribute comprehensive weights for nodes and explicit modeling directivity dependence; the dynamic robustness analysis module is used for simulating and positioning structural hub nodes through static attacks, simulating and tracking cascade failure and topology reconstruction processes through dynamic attacks, and comprehensively evaluating the robustness of the system; and the fault simulation verification module verifies weight rationality and method effectiveness from four dimensions of objectivity, center matching degree, interpretability and robustness based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation framework. According to the method, through fusion topology modeling, dynamic weight distribution and dynamic and static combination robustness analysis, key fault nodes are accurately recognized, the system vulnerability is revealed, a data driving basis is provided for redundancy design, intelligent operation and maintenance and reliability improvement of the heat pump system, and the operation and maintenance cost is remarkably reduced.

The invention discloses a pump set vibration monitoring method and system based on distributed sensing. The method comprises the steps that vibration collection signals and real-time working condition parameters of distributed sensing nodes are obtained, multi-node clock synchronization correction is executed, and synchronous vibration data frames are formed; time-frequency feature extraction is carried out on the multi-channel vibration data set, abnormal channels are identified through inter-channel consistency analysis, a local fault correlation frequency band is extracted, and a vibration feature vector is constructed; associating the vibration feature vector with a real-time working condition parameter to form a working condition-feature mapping table, identifying a feature mutation rotating speed point for the feature baseline, adaptively dividing a rotating speed interval to generate an adaptive working condition threshold value, and implementing out-of-limit detection to generate an abnormal trigger identifier; determining a traceability analysis window based on the abnormal trigger identifier, and executing multi-measuring-point coherence calculation and energy attenuation gradient analysis to construct an energy transfer link diagram; and finally, vibration source position positioning is performed to form fault source probability distribution, a fault mode label is matched, pump set vibration monitoring is completed, and quantitative positioning of a fault source is realized.

The invention discloses a thermal power generating unit operation state detection method and system, and relates to the technical field of operation state detection, and the method comprises the steps: S100, building a working condition variable label; s200, carrying out statistics on correlation coefficients of sensors and faults under various working conditions in historical operation data of the thermal power generating unit, dynamically updating weights, and storing the weights in a working condition database; s300, based on the energy transfer chain of the thermal power generating unit, establishing a parameter incidence matrix between devices; according to the method, the data weights of different sensors are adaptively adjusted according to the real-time operation state of the equipment, the defect that the traditional multi-sensor fusion adopts fixed weight or simple weighted average and is difficult to adapt to the working condition change is overcome, a physical relationship network between the equipment is constructed, key associated parameters are identified in an energy transfer form, and the fault identification accuracy is improved. The robustness of anomaly monitoring under complex working conditions is improved, and the false alarm rate is reduced.

A method of delivering power to a load coupled to an energy module includes determining a power to be produced in a load, generating a signal, and selecting a first or second power amplifier circuit based on the power to be produced in the load. The power rating of the amplifier circuits is different. Another method includes generating a digital waveform having a predetermined wave shape and frequency, converting the digital waveform to an analog waveform, selecting a first power amplifier circuit or a second power amplifier circuit based on a predetermined power output to be produced by the first or second power amplifier circuit into a load coupled to an energy output port of the energy module, coupling the analog waveform to the selected first or second power amplifier circuit, and producing the predetermined power output into the load.

The invention relates to the technical field of gear oil injection, and provides a power plant coal mill bull gear oil spraying device which comprises an oil storage tank used for storing oil, one side of the oil storage tank is communicated with a pump body provided with two liquid outlets, the two liquid outlets of the pump body are communicated with a spraying assembly in a coal mill gearbox through oil injection pipes, and the spraying assembly is communicated with the oil storage tank. The spraying assembly is driven by an electric push rod to be stored, a cavity is formed in the other side of the oil storage tank, a motor is installed in the cavity, and two cooling pipes in the oil storage tank are located on the outer wall of the motor in a spiral mode so that energy transmission between the cooling pipes and the motor can be achieved. The phenomenon that the spray head is blocked due to exposure in air is avoided, the spraying efficiency of lubricating oil is ensured, meanwhile, the flowability and the lubricating performance of the lubricating oil are ensured through energy conversion, the lubricating effect is improved, gear abrasion is reduced, the service life of the gear is prolonged, and on the contrary, a certain cooling effect can be achieved on the motor.

The present invention relates to the field of fluid control technology, and in particular to a fluid generating device, comprising a piezoelectrically driven actuator, a spacer and a diaphragm, wherein the diaphragm has a fixed portion and a vibrating portion, wherein the fixed portion is fixedly connected to one end of the spacer away from the actuator, and the vibration energy generated by the actuator, on the one hand, is transmitted to the diaphragm by causing pressure changes in the fluid in the chamber due to the vibration of the actuator, and more importantly, the energy is directly transmitted to the diaphragm by means of a mechanical coupling formed by the actuator and the diaphragm, thereby causing the diaphragm to vibrate, and the energy transfer efficiency is higher; in addition, by arranging a partition on the diaphragm, the partition separates the vibrating part into at least two vibration zones, and the ability of the diaphragm area opposite to the partition to resist elastic deformation when a force is applied is greater than the ability of the vibration zone to resist elastic deformation when a force is applied, and the vibration energy transmitted to the diaphragm will mainly act on the vibration zone, causing the vibration zone to generate vibrations with a larger amplitude, and the energy utilization rate is higher.

Provided herein are systems, devices, and methods for treating tissue of a patient. The system includes a first energy delivery device having a first energy delivery element to be positioned proximate target tissue of the patient, a second energy delivery element, an energy delivery console to provide energy between the first energy delivery element and the second energy delivery element, and a user interface having a display for providing information to a user. The energy provided by the energy delivery console creates one or more electric fields within an energy delivery volume proximate the first energy delivery element, and at least one electric field within the energy delivery volume is sufficient to irreversibly electroporate target tissue within the energy delivery volume.

Apparatuses, systems and methods are provided for treating pulmonary tissues via delivery of energy, generally characterized by high voltage pulses, to target tissue using a pulmonary tissue modification system (e.g., an energy delivery catheter system). Example pulmonary tissues include, without cells), lamina propria, submucosa, submucosal glands, basement membrane, smooth muscle, cartilage, nerves, pathogens resident near or within the tissue, or a combination of any of these. The system may be used to treat a variety of pulmonary diseases or disorders such as or associated with COPD (e.g., chronic bronchitis, emphysema), asthma, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), acute bronchitis and / or other pulmonary diseases or disorders.

The invention discloses a mine equipment control system and method, and relates to the technical field of camping mine equipment control, and the method comprises the following steps: during the operation period of a crusher, obtaining various parameter information generated in the crushing process of the crusher in real time, including vibration response characteristics and energy transfer and dissipation characteristics; according to the method, the vibration response characteristics and the energy transfer characteristics of the crusher are obtained in real time, intelligent analysis is carried out in combination with a machine learning model, the system can efficiently recognize abnormal states and dynamically classify the abnormal states into accidental or non-accidental anomalies, and shutdown and false alarms are reduced. For accidental abnormity, the system automatically adjusts parameters to return to normal; and for non-accidental abnormity, the system triggers early warning and carries out maintenance, so that further damage is avoided. According to the method, the service life, the operation efficiency and the automation level of equipment are improved, and the maintenance cost and the sudden failure risk are reduced.

The invention discloses a method and a system for calculating energy consumption of a coupler system in the running process of a railway wagon, and relates to the technical field of crossing of railway vehicle dynamics and green energy technologies. The multi-source energy consumption dynamic coupling model comprises a car coupler gap collision area, a sliding friction area between car couplers, a car coupler-slave plate seat impact area, a car coupler-carrier wearing plate fretting wear area and a buffer damping area; based on the energy flow topology network, determining an energy transfer priority and efficiency matrix in the multi-source energy consumption dynamic coupling model; and generating an energy consumption probability density function based on a generalized polynomial chaos expansion method, and outputting a low-carbon design parameter set and total energy consumption. According to the method, high-precision calculation and low-carbon design optimization of the full-life-cycle energy consumption of the coupler system are realized, and a core theoretical support is provided for green transformation of railway freight.

Techniques for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from atmospheric air include flowing the atmospheric air along a flow path comprising at least one energy transfer module, transferring energy from the at least one energy transfer module to the atmospheric air to form a CO2-rich gas stream in the flow path, flowing the CO2-rich gas stream along a gas-liquid interface in the flow path, flowing a CO2 capture solution along the gas-liquid interface to absorb CO2 from the CO2-rich gas stream into the CO2 capture solution and to form a CO2-lean gas stream, transferring energy from the CO2-lean gas stream to the at least one energy transfer module to form an exhaust CO2-lean gas stream.

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-fatigue of steel parts, and discloses an anti-fatigue system and method for a high-hardness steel part based on ultrasonic-shot blasting composite strengthening. The method comprises the steps that the macroscopic geometrical morphology, the microstructure and the dynamic stress-strain data of a target steel part are collected through a multi-mode sensing system, and a multi-physics field digital twinborn model is constructed through fusion; on the basis of fatigue damage feature distribution in the model, sorting by using an enhanced decision tree model, and triggering parameter configuration by using a priority over-critical value; synchronously calculating ultrasonic field regulation and control parameters and shot blasting trajectory planning parameters through an adaptive neural network algorithm; the parameters are injected into a digital twin model to simulate material response and energy transfer, data such as a microdefect closed state are output, and a parameter correction signal is generated through multi-dimensional consistency inspection. According to the method, precise control over composite strengthening is achieved, and the anti-fatigue performance of the high-hardness steel part is effectively improved.

The invention discloses a GPU accelerated multi-particle coupling Monte Carlo calculation method and device. The method comprises the following steps: asynchronously migrating geometric material parameters subjected to CPU serial processing and a basic database to a pre-allocated memory space in a GPU; operation parameters of the GPU are determined, and Monte Carlo simulation of the multi-particle coupling transportation process is realized in the GPU based on the operation parameters and the neutron nuclear reaction database; on the basis of an atom addition function of a CUDA parallel computing architecture, energy transfer data, obtained through Monte Carlo simulation, of particles and voxel grids in a multi-thread environment is efficiently summarized, energy deposition of the particles is determined, and a high-resolution three-dimensional energy deposition spatial distribution data set is generated. According to the method, high precision can be maintained, and meanwhile, the parallel computing capability of the GPU is fully utilized to realize multi-particle coupling transportation synchronous simulation, so that the computing efficiency of a complex radiation field is improved, and the dual requirements of different fields on high precision and real-time performance are met.

The invention provides a dynamic particle adaptive drawing method and system based on an autonomous controllable GPU. Optical fiber sensing arrays are deployed in a monitoring area in a distributed mode, and multi-frequency-band vibration waveform data of the dynamic particle flow under strong electromagnetic interference are collected. And in combination with a particle fluid mechanics constraint rule, generating an inter-node association topology of the dynamic particle knowledge graph. And through a federated learning framework, a plurality of GPU computing nodes cooperatively update the knowledge graph, and particle rendering resolutions are dynamically distributed according to the real-time variation of the topology. And finally, based on the vibration waveform data fluctuation interval fed back in real time, generating a GPU drawing control instruction, and triggering a GPU computing node to adaptively adjust the rendering granularity of the particle trajectory according to the priority of the energy transfer path. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, efficient and accurate drawing of the dynamic particle flow in a strong electromagnetic interference environment can be realized, and the visualization effect of the particle flow in the mechanical cavity is improved.