The invention relates to a method for preparing shell-core structured medicament nano fiber by coaxial electrostatic spinning technology, comprising: (1) dissolving high molecular polymer and medicament in mass proportion of 60-99.9:0.1-40 in organic solvent with high volatility, and stirring until complete dissolution to obtain shell solution; (2) dissolving one or more than one of natural polymer, medicament, and bioactive factor in the solvent, or dissolving the same in super pure water under aseptic condition to obtain core solution; and (3) carrying out coaxial electrostatic spinning, setting the spinning voltage at 15-25kv, the reception distance at 8-20cm, the spinning pushing speed at 0.1-1.5mL/h, and the spinning nozzle as 0.9mm, to obtain the shell-core structured medicament nano fiber. The preparation method is simple in operation, mild in reaction condition, low in cost and favorable for economic benefit; in preparing the shell-core structured medicament nano fiber, two or more than two medicaments can be simultaneously loaded and released, thus meeting requirements of tissue regeneration or patients.